scholarly journals MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS FOR INVESTIGATION OF HIV INFECTION TRANSMISSION

2017 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
Yu. V. Ostankova ◽  
M. A. Churina ◽  
N. A. Nikitina ◽  
A. P. Rosolovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Epidemiologic Investigation ◽  
Hiv 1

Aim. Epidemiologic examination of the case of group HIV-1 infection based on data obtained by general diagnostics methods for confirmation of the investigation hypothesis of deliberate HIV infection during heterosexual intercourse. Materials and methods. Sera samples from 8 HIV infected patients (5 female and 3 male) from Veliky Novgorod sent for epidemiologic investigation were used. Determination was carried out based on 1285 nt sequence analysis of polymerase gene segment (pol). Results. The study allowed to identify HIV in clinical samples sent to the expertise and establish phylogenetic connections between virus isolates obtained from both target and control group patients. Analysis of the results allowed to isolate samples grouped in a separate cluster that indicates tight cordial connections between the vims isolates from clinical material of these patients. Patients of the target group were infected with HIV-1 isolate ofthe circulating recombinant form CRF03_AB from the same origin that is confirmed by high homology ofthe nucleotide sequences. Conclusion. Epidemiologic investigation of a group case of HIV-1 infection has determined that the infection of the women of the target group occurred from the same source. Phylogenetic analysis results indicate the presence of an epidemiologic connection within the examined group that confirms the HIV infection transmission and conclusions ofthe investigation. Use of molecular-phylogenetic analysis of data obtained by laboratory diagnostics methods of HIV resistance to antiretroviral preparations allows with anamnestic and investigation information (in the context of available evidence) to investigate cases of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Hyperbaric hyperoxia exposure in suppressing human immunodeficiencyvirus replication: An experimental in vitro in peripheral mononuclear blood cells culture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Budiarti ◽  
Siti Qamariyah Khairunisa ◽  
Nasronudin ◽  
Kuntaman ◽  
Guritno
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Hyperbaric Exposure ◽  
Interferon Α2 ◽  
Hiv 1

Cellular immune has an important role in response HIV infection, which is attack the infected cells to activate signaling molecule. Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) worked as complementary treatment for HIV infection. The production of ROS and RNS molecules during hyperbaric exposure can affect gene expression which contributes to cellular adaptative response. This study was conducted to explore the mechanisms of cellular adaptive response to HIV infection during hyperbaric exposure. This study was carried on in vitro using healthy volunteers’ PBMCs (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) cultures infected with HIV-1. The study was conducted as a post- test only group design. The experimental unit was PBMC from venous blood of healthy volunteers which were cultured in vitro and infected by co-culturing with HIV-1 in MT4 cell line. The experimental unit consist of treatment and control group. Each group examined the expression of transcription factor NFκB, Interferon α, reverse transcriptase inhibitors (p21), and the amount of HIV-1 p24 antigen. There were increasingly significant differences in the expression of the trancription factor of NFκB, p21, and HIV-1 p24 antigen,as well as mRNA transcription of interferon α2 between treatment and controlgroup. By decreasing p24 antigen showed that HBO exposure was able to suppress HIV-1 replication. The exposure to hyperbaric oxygen at the pressure of 2.4 ATAand 98% oxygen wasable to produce ROS and RNS molecules, which play a role in cellular adaptive responses through increasing the expression of nfĸb, p21 and mRNA of interferon α2 plays a role in inhibition mechanism of HIV-1 replication in cells.

Evaluation of HIV-1 Regulatory and Structural Proteins as Antigen Candidate in Mouse and Human

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Farahani Khojasteh ◽  
Mehrshad Fekri ◽  
Samaneh H. Shabani ◽  
Alireza Milani ◽  
Kazem Baesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Ctl Activity

Background:: The diagnosis of HIV infection is important among different groups. Moreover, combination antiretroviral therapy is used to treat HIV-1, but it cannot eradicate the infection. Thus, development of therapeutic vaccines along with antiretroviral therapy is recommended. This study evaluates the values of four HIV proteins as an antigen candidate in therapeutic vaccine design as well as a possible diagnostic marker for HIV infection in human. Methods:: In this study, the HIV-1 Tat and Rev regulatory proteins and structural Gp120 and p24 proteins were generated in E. coli expression system. Their immunogenicity was evaluated in BALB/c mice using homologous and heterologous prime/boost strategies. Moreover, the detection of anti-HIV IgG antibodies against these recombinant proteins was assessed in untreated (Naïve/ HIV-infected), treated and drug-resistant patients compared to healthy (control) group as a possible diagnostic marker for HIV infection. Results:: In human, our results showed that among HIV-1 proteins, anti-Gp120 antibody was not detected in treated individuals compared to healthy (control) group. The levels of anti-Gp120 antibody were significantly different between treated group and Naïve as well as drug-resistant subjects. Moreover, the level of anti-p24 antibody was significantly lower in treated group than Naive group. In mice, the results of immunization indicated that the Rev antigen could significantly induce IgG2a, IgG2b and IFN-γ secretion aimed at Th1 response as well as Granzyme B generation as CTL activity in comparison with other antigens. Furthermore, the heterologous DNA prime/ protein boost regimen was more potent than the homologous regimen for stimulation of cellular immunity. Conclusion:: Briefly, the levels of both anti-Gp120 and anti-p24 antibodies can be considered for diagnosis of the HIVinfected individuals in different groups compared to healthy group. Moreover, among four recombinant proteins, Rev elicited Th1 cellular immunity and CTL activity in mice as an antigen candidate in therapeutic vaccine development.

scholarly journals Contemporary diagnosis of HIV infection in pediatrician’s practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Hakizimana ◽  
Dmitry O. Ivanov ◽  
Elena B. Yastrebova ◽  
Ruslan A. Nasyrov ◽  
Denis A. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Primary Diagnostics ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Return Visits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Late Detection ◽  
Hiv 1

The objective of the study: evaluation of the effectiveness of clinico-epidemiological and laboratory diagnostics of HIV infection in pediatric practice. Materials and methods. Under the supervision of pediatricians of the Department of motherhood and childhood of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center, there were 388 HIV-infected children aged from one month to 17 years inclusive. Due to the reasons of late detection and HIV dissidence of parents, 18 children (4%) died cumulatively among the children observed in St. Petersburg center for AIDS. The object of the immunohistochemical study was randomly selected HIV-infected children who applied to the center for prevention and control of AIDS for return visits. Material for testing for the presence of HIV-1 P24 antigen was taken from the back wall of the nasopharynx. Results. When analyzing the ways of HIV infection in children registered at the maternity and childhood Department of the Saint Petersburg AIDS Center, it turned out that 363 children were infected perinatally (93,6%), 23 (5,9%) sexually infected and 2 children through injecting drugs (0.5%). The proposed method of immunocytochemistry for the diagnosis of HIV infection in children can find its application, especially for primary diagnostics, which may simplify and reduce the cost of laboratory diagnostics.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HIV INFECTION IN NORTHERN SEAPORTS OF RUSSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Kazennova ◽  
V. Yu. Laga ◽  
K. B. Gromov ◽  
M. N. Sankov ◽  
E. S. Popova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
East European ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
The Common ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The results of the molecular-epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 variants circulating in Arkhangelsk and Murmansk - northern seaports of Russia - were presented. In these seaports the HIV-1 variants belonging to subtype A1 were predominant (93% in Murmansk, 83% in Arkhangelsk). In addition to these variants, viruses of other subtypes such as B, C, D and recombinant forms CRF02_AG and CRF03_AB were identified. The heterogeneity of circulating HIV-1 variants was higher in Arkhangelsk than in Murmansk. According to the results of phylogenetic analysis, subtype A1 sequences formed the common branch with nucleotide sequences of IDU-A strains found in other regions of Russia. HIV-1 variants of subtype B sub-clustered with sequences of East European B-variants. The recombinant strains CRF02_AG formed the common branch with HIV-1 sequences from Central Asia republics of the former USSR. Among 124 therapy-naive patients from Arkhangelsk and Murmansk (n = 124) the transmitted resistance was less than 5%.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis in epidemiological investigations of cases of HIV infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
T. P. Sandyreva ◽  
N. A. Gerasimova ◽  
N. A. Lopatukhin ◽  
N. A. Kireev ◽  
N. A. Kuevda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Hiv 1

Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of HIV-1 variants was applied in epidemiological investigation of the case of the group incidence of HIV infection for identification of the genetic relatedness and verification of clinical and epidemiological findings. The article also raises issues the solution of which will improve the quality of the performance of such investigations.

Laboratory diagnostics for HIV infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Buttò ◽  
Barbara Suligoi ◽  
Emanuele Fanales-Belasio ◽  
Mariangela Raimondo
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics

scholarly journals Molecular Characterisation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Dermatophytic Fungi Isolated from Tinea Capitis in Northwest Nigeria Using Sequence of the 28S rRNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-655
Author(s):  
Hussain Yahaya Ungo-kore ◽  
Joseph Olorunmola Ehinmidu ◽  
Josiah Ademola Onaolapo ◽  
Olayeni Stephen Olonitola
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Microsporum Audouinii ◽  
Trichophyton Simii ◽  
Dermatophyte Species

The detection and identification of fungal DNA from clinical samples is one of the fundamental approaches in biomedicine. The incidence, distribution, and control of dermatophytes has progress significantly and the use of phylogenetic species concepts based on rRNA regions have enhanced the taxonomy of dermatophyte species; however, the use of 28S rDNA genes has certain limitations. This gene has been used in dermatophyte taxonomy with limited enumeration; we appraised the sequence disparity within and among groups of the species, the gene ranking in identification, phylogenetic analysis, and taxonomy of 32 strains of eight dermatophyte species. In this study, a set of primers was adopted to amplify the target followed by a partial sequencing of the rDNA. The utilization of a pairwise nucleotide differentiation, an affinity was observed among eight dermatophyte species, with disparity among species ranging from 0 to 197 base pair (bp). Intra-species bp differences were found within strains of Trichophyton eriotrephon, Trichophyton bullosum, Trichophyton simii (Trichophyton genus), Microsporum audouinii, and Trichophyton tonsurans (Microsporum and Trichophyton genus, respectively); however, only some strains of Trichophyton eriotrephon were found to be invariant having three genotypes. Trichophyton tonsurans exhibited most intra-species variability. The characterization and construction of a phylogenetic tree of 28S rDNA gene on dermatophyte species provide a bedrock of an additional finding of connections between species. However, 28S rRNA capture provides a novel method of effective and sensitive detection of dermatophytes lodged in human skin scale. We report for the first time the emergence of T. eriotrephon, T. bullosum, T. simii, T. benhamiae, and Ctenomyces serratus dermatophytes from Tinea capitis in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Relationships between HIV-1 Infection, History of Methamphetamine Use Disorder, and Soluble Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
T. Walter ◽  
Jennifer Iudicello ◽  
Debra Cookson ◽  
Donald Franklin ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and is a significant public health problem. HIV and METH use are each associated with immune system dysfunction; however, the combined effects on the immune system are poorly understood. This cross-sectional project measured soluble immune biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a control group, people with a history of a METH use disorder (METH+), PWH with no history of METH use disorder (HIV+), and PWH with a history of METH use disorder (HIV+/METH+). HIV, METH, and immune dysfunction can also be associated with affective and cognitive deficits, so we characterized mood and cognition in our participants. Two factor analyses were performed for the plasma and CSF biomarkers. Plasma IL-8, Ccl2, VEGF, and 8-isoprostane loaded onto one factor that was highest in the HIV+/METH+ group (p < 0.047) reflecting worse inflammation, vascular injury, and oxidative stress. This plasma factor was also negatively correlated with delayed recall (R = −0.49, p = 0.010), which was worst in the HIV+/METH+ group (p = 0.030 compared to the control group). Overall, these data implicate that combined HIV-1 infection and METH use may exacerbate inflammation, leading to worse cognition.

scholarly journals Integrated analysis of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA profiles reveals potential lncRNA functions during early HIV infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianwei Ma ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Minghui An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate gene expression in a cis-regulatory fashion or as “microRNA sponges”. However, the expression and functions of lncRNAs during early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (EHI) remain unclear. Methods 3 HAART-naive EHI patients and 3 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study to perform RNA sequencing and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. The expression profiles of lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were obtained, and the potential roles of lncRNAs were analysed based on discovering lncRNA cis-regulatory target mRNAs and constructing lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on 175 lncRNA-associated differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs to investigate the potential functions of DE lncRNAs in ceRNA networks. Results A total of 242 lncRNAs, 1240 mRNAs and 21 mature known miRNAs were determined as differentially expressed genes in HAART-naive EHI patients compared to HCs. Among DE lncRNAs, 44 lncRNAs were predicted to overlap with 41 target mRNAs, and 107 lncRNAs might regulate their nearby DE mRNAs. Two DE lncRNAs might regulate their cis-regulatory target mRNAs BTLA and ZAP70, respectively, which were associated with immune activation. In addition, the ceRNA networks comprised 160 DE lncRNAs, 21 DE miRNAs and 175 DE mRNAs. Seventeen DE lncRNAs were predicted to regulate HIF1A and TCF7L2, which are involved in the process of HIV-1 replication. Twenty DE lncRNAs might share miRNA response elements (MREs) with FOS, FOSB and JUN, which are associated with both immune activation and HIV-1 replication. Conclusions This study revealed that lncRNAs might play a critical role in HIV-1 replication and immune activation during EHI. These novel findings are helpful for understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection and provide new insights into antiviral therapy.

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