scholarly journals INFLUENZA INFLAMMATION BIOMARKERS FEATURES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
T. P. Ospelnikova ◽  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
S. A. Andreeva ◽  
E. I. Isaeva ◽  
L. V. Kolodyazhnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polarization Coefficient ◽  
Th1 Immune Response

Aim. Analysis of inflammation biomarkers using reverse transcription with real time PCR (RT-PCR-RT) and multiplex immunofluorescent analysis xMAP with magnetic beads for the influenza infection. Materials and methods. Analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs, lymphocytes and blood sera of 10 patients with influenza and 10 donors was performed during the first 2 days of the disease by means of RT-PCR-RT and xMAP using the kit «37-plex» (BioRad). Results.The influenza virus A was revealed in 4 samples, the influenza virus B — in 6 swabs without mixed infections with other respiratory viruses. Analysis of the interferons (IFN) showed IFNα gene expression activation in patients’ lymphocytes but both the detection rate and the concentrations of IFNβ, IFNγ and IFNλ RNA were similar for patients and healthy donors. Among 37 inflammation biomarkers the concentrations of 7 proteins were enhanced including IFNα2, cytokines of TNF family (APRIL and BAFF), their soluble receptors sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2, protein osteopontin and IL10. The concentrations of the complex of glycoprotein gp130 with the soluble receptor IL6 gp130/sIL-6Rβ and the matrix metalloprotease ММР-1 were reduced in patients’ sera. The polarization coefficient PI=[IL10]/[IFNγ]=0.53 for influenza samples suggested Th1 immune response. Conclusion. At the early stage of the influenza infection IFNα gene expression activation along with the induction of TNF family cytokines (APRIL and BAFF), their receptors (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) and osteopontin as well as the inhibition of the complex gp130/sIL-6Rβ and metalloprotease ММР-1 were shown. Th1 immune response regulated by IL10 resulted in the recovery of the patients without complications.

scholarly journals Limited Dynamic Range of Immune Response Gene Expression Observed in Healthy Blood Donors Using RT-PCR

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McLoughlin ◽  
Ken Turteltaub ◽  
Danute Bankaitis-Davis ◽  
Richard Gerren ◽  
Lisa Siconolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Immune Response Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Response Gene

Global gene expression profiling in early-stage polycystic kidney disease in the Han:SPRD Cy rat identifies a role for RXR signaling

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (1) ◽  
pp. F177-F188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kugita ◽  
Kazuhiro Nishii ◽  
Miwa Morita ◽  
Daisuke Yoshihara ◽  
Hiroe Kowa-Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Global Gene Expression Profiling

Han:SPRD Cy is a spontaneous rat model of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) caused by a missense mutation in Pkdr1. Cystogenesis in this model is not clearly understood. In the current study, we performed global gene expression profiling in early-stage PKD cyst development in Cy/Cy kidneys and normal (+/+) kidneys at 3 and 7 days of postnatal age. Expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis, followed by validation with real-time RT-PCR. Genes were selected with over 1.5-fold expression changes compared with age-matched +/+ kidneys for canonical pathway analysis. We found nine pathways in common between 3- and 7-day Cy/Cy kidneys. Three significantly changed pathways were designated “Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)/Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) Activation,” “LPS/IL-1-Mediated Inhibition of RXR Function,” and “Liver X Receptor (LXR)/RXR Activation.” These results suggest that RXR-mediated signaling is significantly altered in developing kidneys with mutated Pkdr1. In gene ontology analysis, the functions of these RXR-related genes were found to be involved in regulating cell proliferation and organ morphogenesis. With real-time RT-PCR analysis, the upregulation of Ptx2, Alox15b, OSP, and PCNA, major markers of cell proliferation associated with the RXR pathway, were confirmed in 3- and 7-day Cy/Cy kidneys compared with 3-day +/+ kidneys. The increased RXR protein was observed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cystic epithelial cells in early-stage Cy/Cy kidneys, and the RXR-positive cells were strongly positive for PCNA staining. Taken together, cell proliferation and organ morphogenesis signals transduced by RXR-mediated pathways may have important roles for cystogenesis in early-stage PKD in this Pkdr1-mutated Cy rat.

Association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation with increased immune checkpoint expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 653-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliha Nusrat ◽  
Jason Roszik ◽  
Riham Katkhuda ◽  
David Menter ◽  
Kanwal Pratap Singh Raghav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Pik3ca Mutations ◽  
The Impact

653 Background: PI3K pathway is a known modulator of anti-tumor immune response and is frequently activated in CRC through genetic alterations such as PTEN loss (PTENloss) and PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAmut). This study aims to determine the impact of these alterations on immune cell infiltration, priming and activation in early stage CRC patients (pts). Methods: Immune infiltrates and checkpoints were evaluated using quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) on primary CRC (N = 59) for both center of tumor (CT) and invasive margin (IM). Pts were evaluated by presence or absence of either PTENloss or PIK3CAmut (collectively termed PI3K pathway alterations). Microsatellite unstable (MSI) and stable (MSS) tumors were analyzed separately. Clinicopathologic data was examined for potential associations with PI3K pathway alterations. Separately, mRNA data (Agilent) was obtained for immune related genes from an internal cohort with PTEN and PIK3CA annotation (N = 73). Results: 59 pts comprised IHC cohort (40 MSS, 19 MSI); 23 pts (39%) had PTENloss or PIK3CAmut. In Agilent cohort, 16 of 73 pts (22%) had PI3K pathway alterations. In MSS CRC, these alterations were more common in CMS1 (p = 0.03), on right side (p = 0.048) and with peritumoral lymphocytes (p = 0.031). MSS pts with PI3K pathway alterations had higher PD1 protein expression (p = 0.04), 2.1 and 2.3 times increased density of CD3+ (p = 0.01) and CD8+ (p = 0.04) cells respectively, and higher Granzyme B protein expression (p = 0.04) in the CT. These pts also had higher PDL1 gene expression (p = 0.046). MSS CRC pts with PIK3CAmut similarly had 2 times more PDL1 protein expression in epithelial cells of the IM (p = 0.01). Alternate checkpoints were also increased in pts with PI3K pathway alterations, including higher protein expression of LAG3 in CT (P = 0.046) and higher gene expression of CTLA4, TIM3, and TIGIT (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: PI3K pathway activated MSS CRC is associated with increased immune engagement, but also upregulation of key immune checkpoints in early stage tumors resulting in an ineffective immune response. Combination of PI3K pathway inhibition with immunotherapy merits investigation in this subset of pts.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS VACCINES ON SWINE INFLUENZA

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae

Either living or heat-killed H. influenzae suis vaccines, given intramuscularly to swine, elicit an immune response capable of modifying the course of a later swine influenza infection. The protection afforded is only partial and is in no way comparable to the complete immunity afforded by swine influenza virus vaccines.

scholarly journals The Effect of Productive HPV16 Infection on Global Gene Expression of Cervical Epithelium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa Do Kang ◽  
Sreejata Chatterjee ◽  
Samina Alam ◽  
Anna C. Salzberg ◽  
Janice Milici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hpv16 Infection

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the world’s most common sexually transmitted infection, and is responsible for most cases of cervical cancer. Previous studies of global gene expression changes induced by HPV infection have focused on the cancerous stages of infection, and therefore, not much is known about global gene expression changes at early pre-neoplastic stages of infection. We show for the first time, global gene expression changes of early stage HPV16 infection in cervical tissue using 3-dimensional organotypic raft cultures that produce high levels of progeny virions.cDNA microarray analysis showed that a total of 594 genes were upregulated and 651 genes were downregulated at least 1.5-fold with HPV16 infection. Gene ontology analysis showed that biological processes including cell cycle progression and DNA metabolism were upregulated, while skin development, immune response, and cell death were downregulated with HPV16 infection in cervical keratinocytes. Individual genes were selected for validation at the transcriptional and translational levels including UBC, which was central to the protein association network of immune response genes, and top downregulated genes RPTN, SERPINB4, KRT23, and KLK8. In particular, KLK8 and SERPINB4 have shown to be upregulated in cancer, which contrasts our results.Organotypic raft cultures that allow full progression of the HPV life-cycle have allowed us to identify novel gene modulations and potential therapeutic targets of early stage HPV infection in cervical tissue. Additionally, our results suggest that early stage productive infection and cancerous stages of infection are distinct disease states expressing different transcriptomes.ImportancePersistent HPV infection is responsible for most cases of cervical cancer. Transition from precancerous to cancerous stages of HPV infection is marked by a significant reduction in virus production. Most global gene expression studies of HPV infection have focused on the cancerous stages. Therefore, little is known about global gene expression changes at precancerous stages. For the first time, we measured global gene expression changes at precancerous stages of HPV16 infection in human cervical tissue producing high levels of virus. We identified a group of genes that are typically overexpressed in cancerous stages to be significantly downregulated at the precancerous stage. Moreover, we identified significantly modulated genes that have not yet been studied in the context of HPV infection. Studying the role of these genes in HPV infection will help us understand what drives the transition from precancerous to cancerous stages, and may lead to development of new therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Features of immune response against influenza infection in animals vaccinated with recombinant cross-protective vaccine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Author(s):  
L. M. Tsybalova ◽  
L. A. Stepanova ◽  
A. V. Korotkov ◽  
M. A. Shuklina ◽  
M. V. Zaitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Universal Vaccine ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 5

Generating cross-reactive vaccines aimed at targeting all human influenza A virus subtypes is among high priority tasks in contemporary vaccinology. Such vaccines will be primarily demanded during pre-pandemic period as well as used to prime some population cohorts prior to vaccination with standard vaccines containing area-relevant epidemic virus. Unlike routine approach universal vaccines do not induce a sterilizing immunity, but significantly ameliorate overt infection and probable complications. Our study was aimed at evaluating characteristics of immune response in experimental animals primed with a candidate universal vaccine challenged with sublethal influenza A virus infection. Mice were immunized intranasally with the recombinant protein FlgH2-2-4M2e containing conservative peptides derived from two influenza A virus proteins: M2 protein ectodomain and 76–130 amino acid sequence from the second hemagglutinin (HA2) subunit genetically linked to bacterial flagellin protein, which is a ligand for Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Control mice received saline. Two weeks after immunization, mice from both groups were infected with a sublethal dose of A/Aichi/2/68 AN3N2 influenza virus strain. Level of immunoglobulins G and A in the blood sera and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were determined two weeks after immunization and 1 month post infection. Percentage of lung CD4+ T and CD4+ Tem (CD44+CD62L–) cells secreting cytokines TNFα, IFNγ, IL-2 was determined. Immunized vs. control mice responded to sublethal infection with the influenza virus by insignificant weight loss and more pronounced production of vaccine peptide-specific (M2e and aa76–130 HA2) and pan-influenza A/Aichi/2/68 virus IgG and A in the blood sera and BAL. After challenge the number of CD4+ T cells secreting cytokines TNFα and/or IL-2 in immunized mice significantly exceeded counterpart T cells in unimmunized animals that was true for both CD4+T and CD4+ Tem cells. Memory CD4+ T cells were previously shown to play a key role in the prime-boost event and heterosubtypic immune response. Thus, we were able to demonstrate a priming effect for recombinant cross-protective vaccine used in our experiment.

scholarly journals Exogenous Interleukin-33 Contributes to Protective Immunity via Cytotoxic T-Cell Priming against Mucosal Influenza Viral Infection

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Won Kim ◽  
Hye Jee Yoo ◽  
Jang Hyun Park ◽  
Ji Eun Oh ◽  
Heung Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell Responses

Influenza is an infectious respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. Though vaccines against influenza exist, they have limited efficacy. To additionally develop effective treatments, there is a need to study the mechanisms of host defenses from influenza viral infections. To date, the mechanism by which interleukin (IL)-33 modulates the antiviral immune response post-influenza infection is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that exogenous IL-33 enhanced antiviral protection against influenza virus infection. Exogenous IL-33 induced the recruitment of dendritic cells, increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12, and promoted cytotoxic T-cell responses in the local microenvironment. Thus, our findings suggest a role of exogenous IL-33 in the antiviral immune response against influenza infection.

Prognostic value of immune response gene expression in early stage curatively resected NSCLC: Data from the JBR.10 trial.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8528-8528
Author(s):  
Wolfgang M. Brueckl ◽  
Akin Atmaca ◽  
Salah-Eddin Al-Batran ◽  
Joachim H Ficker ◽  
Ralph M Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Immune Response Gene ◽  
Response Gene ◽  
Resected Nsclc
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document