Motivation of basketball players: a random-effects logit model for the probability of winning

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Silvia Bacci ◽  
Tijan Juraj Cvetković
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
And Performance

In the sport psychology, the theories of motivation, such as the McClelland's need achievement theory and the Nicholls' achievement goal theory, play an important role in the team sports in motivating and encouraging team members. The practical implementation of these theories relies on detecting the variables that significantly affect the probability of winning so as to identify the key elements for the team motivation, the role assignment, and the decision-making process. As the relevant variables change in accordance with the type of sport, in this contribution we focus on the basketball. In detail, we consider the traditional box score of the U.S. National Basket Association (NBA) regular season games played in the seasons 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2020-21. Each season comprises of 82 games played by each of the 30 teams, which cumulates to 4920 games. Hence, data have a multilevel structure, with multiple observations for each team. To properly address the data structure, the probability of winning is modelled through a random-intercept logit model, where teams are the upper-level units and games are the lower-level units. Among the independent variables, we take into account several possible determinants of winning, such as number of assists, number of offensive rebounds, number of defensive rebounds, number of turnovers, number of stolen balls, percentage of free throws made, number of fouls made. Moreover, we devote a special attention to the effect of two more independent variables: the number of key-players that are missing or injured and a dummy if the team plays without a day of rest between consecutive games. The study provides insights in the determinants of success of the basketball games: these results can be used by the team decision makers to assign roles that favor motivation and performance of players and of team as a whole.

scholarly journals Estudio del conocimiento procedimental, experiencia y rendimiento, en jóvenes jugadores de voleibol (Study of procedural knowledge, experience and performance in young volleyball players)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Carmen Fernández-Echeverría ◽  
Alberto Moreno Arroyo ◽  
Alexander Gil Arias ◽  
Fernando Claver Rabaz ◽  
M. Perla Moreno Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Post Hoc

El propósito del estudio fue analizar el conocimiento procedimental, en función de la experiencia y el rendimiento, en jóvenes jugadores de voleibol de categoría cadete. La muestra de estudio estuvo compuesta por un total de 301 jugadores y jugadoras de voleibol, de categoría cadete, con edades comprendidas entre 14-16 años. Dichos jugadores correspondían a los 32 equipos participantes en el Campeonato de España de Selecciones Autonómicas de 2011. Las variables independientes fueron el rendimiento, y la experiencia en práctica federada. La variable dependiente fue el conocimiento procedimental, medido a través del cuestionario elaborado y validado por Moreno (2006). Los resultados, a través de la prueba post-hoc de Tukey, mostraron diferencias significativas en el conocimiento procedimental en función de la experiencia y el rendimiento. Además, un análisis de correlación mostró una relación lineal y significativa entre las variables experiencia en práctica federada y conocimiento procedimental. Dichos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de la experiencia para el desarrollo del conocimiento procedimental en deportes de equipo, en los cuales las exigencias tácticas poseen una gran relevancia. Por ello, es recomendable continuar realizando estudios que permitan relacionar diferentes tipos, contextos y niveles de práctica deportiva con los aspectos cognitivos de los deportistas, con el fin de aportar pautas que orienten el proceso de formación deportiva.Palabras claves: procesos cognitivos, etapas de formación, experiencia, voleibol.Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the procedural knowledge, based on experience and performance, in young volleyball players. The sample consisted of 301 Under-16, volleyball players. They belonged to the 32 teams participating in the Spanish Championship of Regional Selections in the 2011 season. The independent variables were performance and experience in federative practice. The dependent variable was procedural knowledge, it was measured by the questionnaire developed and validated by Moreno (2006). The results, through post-hoc test of Tukey, showed significant differences in procedural knowledge, based on experience and performance. Also a correlation analysis showed a significant linear relationship between experience in federated practice and procedural knowledge was founded. These results highlight the importance of experience for the development of procedural knowledge in team sports. It also emphasize the importance of experience for the development of procedural knowledge in team sports, in which the tactical requirements have great relevance. Thus, it is recommended to continue doing studies that connect different types, levels and contexts of practice with the cognitive aspects of athletes, in order to provide guidelines to lead the process of sports training.Keywords: cognitive processes, training stages, experience, performance, volleyball.

scholarly journals Useful Tools to Predict Future Performance? Analysis of Former Individually Prized Young Selected Male Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
ZSOMBOR ZILINYI ◽  
ÁGOSTON NAGY ◽  
TAMÁS STERBENZ ◽  
BOTOND ÁGOSTON NAGY ◽  
BENEDEK ÁGOST NAGY
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Team Members ◽  
National Team ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
The Individual

"Success in team sports foremostly depends on individual performance and the cooperation of the team members. We aimed to investigate the individual performance changes of youth awarded basketball players from youth to senior national team level. For this purpose we examined four game-related basketball statistics: Minutes Played (MP), Points Scored (PS), Rebounds (REB), and Assists (AST) both in youth and senior level with regression analysis. We collected all the individually prized players of former youth European Championships available on the most reliable websites (N=323). We used descriptive statistical methods and also investigated correlation between their prized performance and their senior peak performance on national level (p<0.01). Our analysis showed that a larger amount of the previously awarded players became member of their senior national team (58%, n=188). 90.71% of the awarded players (n=293) were the first or second best scoring leader of their own team in their youth prime. We found moderate significant correlation between youth rebounds and senior rebounds, also youth assists and senior assists, but only weak correlation between youth and senior Minutes Played and Points Scored. From this aspect getting awards on youth level can boost an athlete’s career, but it doesn’t mean to reach the same peak when they are selected to the senior squads as time and age are dominant background variables, an extended analysis is needed in the future."

Heart Rate Recovery Changes during Competition Period in High-Level Basketball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Gocentas ◽  
Anatoli Landõr ◽  
Aleksandras Kriščiūnas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Coeffi Cients ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Monitoring Training ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
High Level

Research background and hypothesis. Replete schedule of competitions and intense training are features of contemporary team sports. Athletes, especially the most involved ones, may not have enough time to recover. As a consequence, aggregated fatigue can manifest in some undesirable form and affect athlete’s performance and health.Research aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in heart rate recovery (HRR) and investigate possible relations with sport-specifi c measures of effi cacy in professional basketball players during competition season.Research methods. Eight male high-level basketball players (mean ± SD, body mass, 97.3 ± 11.33 kg; height 2.02 ± 0.067 m, and age 23 ± 3.12 years) were investigated. The same basketball specifi c exercise was replicated several times from September till April during the practice sessions in order to assess the personal trends of HRR. Heart rate monitoring was performed using POLAR TEAM SYSTEM. Investigated athletes were ranked retrospectively according to the total amount of minutes played and the coeffi cients of effi cacy. Research results. There were signifi cant differences in the trends of HRR between the investigated players. The most effective players showed decreasing trends of HRR in all cases of ranking.Discussion and conclusions. Research fi ndings have shown that the quality of heart rate recovery differs between basketball players of the same team and could be associated with sport-specifi c effi cacy and competition playing time.Keywords: adaptation, autonomic control, monitoring training.

Collaborative Action Research In Academic Administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Bradley C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Collaborative Action Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Academic Administration ◽  
Leadership Culture ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Action Process

This research involved a study exploring the changes in an academic institution expressed through decision-making in a shifting leadership culture. Prior to the study, the school was heavily entrenched in authoritarian and centralized decision-making, but as upper-level administrators were exposed to the concept of collaborative action research, they began making decisions through a reflection and action process. Changing assumptions and attitudes were observed and recorded through interviews at the end of the research period. The research team engaged in sixteen weekly cycles of reflection and action based on an agenda they mutually agreed to and through an analysis of post-research interviews, weekly planning meetings, discussions, and reflection and action cycles. Findings revealed experiences centering around the issues of:  The nature of collaboration- it created discomfort, it created a sense of teamwork, it created difficulty.  The change of environment in the process- team members began to respect each other more, and the process became more enjoyable.  The freedom and change in the process- freedom to voice opinions and to actively listen, the use of experience to lead elsewhere in the school.  How issues of power are better understood by working together- the former process was less collaborative, politics will always be part of the process. As a result of this study, members have started using this decision-making methodology in other areas of administration.

The Contingent Effect of Team Composition on the Performance of Entrepreneurial Teams

2019 ◽  
pp. 654-680
Author(s):  
Serghei Musaji ◽  
Julio De Castro
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Team Composition ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Active Debate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the continuous interest in studying entrepreneurial teams, the relationship between team composition and, particularly, team diversity and performance remains fertile ground for active debate. Taking roots in the knowledge-based view and organizational learning literatures, this chapter argues that performance in entrepreneurial teams is contingent on (a) the overlap between team members’ knowledge/competences and the content of the performed tasks, (b) the duplication of the team members’ knowledge in the areas with that content, (c) the nature of tasks (exploration or exploitation), (d) the team’s flexibility to adapt to changes in the content and nature of those tasks, and (e) the rate of environmental change. Because an important source of ambiguity in the understanding of how team diversity and performance are linked ties to issues of how team diversity is conceptualized and operationalized, the chapter also proposes a new way of looking at diversity in future research.

scholarly journals Hand Preference and Performance in Basketball Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Gualdi-Russo ◽  
Natascia Rinaldo ◽  
Alba Pasini ◽  
Luciana Zaccagni
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

The aims of this study were to develop and validate an instrument to quantitatively assess the handedness of basketballers in basketball tasks (Basketball Handedness Inventory, BaHI) and to compare it with their handedness in daily activities by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI). The participants were 111 basketballers and 40 controls. All subjects completed the EHI and only basketballers filled in the BaHI. To validate the BaHI, a voluntary subsample of basketballers repeated the BaHI. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor model. Our results show that: (i) Handedness score (R) in daily actions did not differ between basketball players (R by EHI = 69.3 ± 44.6) and the control group (R by EHI = 64.5 ± 58.6); (ii) basketballers more frequently favored performing certain sport tasks with the left hand or mixed hands (as highlighted by R by BaHI = 50.1 ± 47.1), although their choice was primarily the right hand in everyday gestures; and (iii) this preference was especially true for athletes at the highest levels of performance (R by BaHI of A1 league = 38.6 ± 58.3) and for those playing in selected roles (point guard’s R = 29.4 ± 67.4). Our findings suggest that professional training induces handedness changes in basketball tasks. The BaHI provides a valid and reliable measure of the skilled hand in basketball. This will allow coaches to assess mastery of the ball according to the hand used by the athlete in the different tasks and roles.

Do We Share the Same View? Validating the Shared Mental Models in Team Sports Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 831-850
Author(s):  
Charlotte Raue ◽  
Dennis Dreiskaemper ◽  
Bernd Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Shared mental models (SMMs) can exert a positive influence on team sports performance because team members with SMMs share similar tasks and team-related knowledge. There is currently insufficient sports research on SMMs because the underlying theory has not been adapted adequately to the sports context, and different SMMs measurement instruments have been used in past studies. In the present study we aimed to externally validate and determine the construct validity of the “Shared Mental Models in Team Sports Questionnaire” (SMMTSQ). Moreover, we critically examined the theoretical foundation for this instrument. Participants were 476 active team athletes from various sports. While confirmatory factor analysis did not support the SMMTSQ’s hierarchical model, its 13 subfactors showed a good model fit in an explorative correlative approach, and the model showed good internal consistency and item–total correlations. Thus, the instrument’s subfactors can be applied individually, even while there are remaining questions as to whether other questionnaires of this kind are an appropriate means of measuring SMMs in sport.

Differentiatie door coaches binnen amateursportteams: terecht of onterecht?

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim van Breukelen ◽  
Wendy Wesselius
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Lmx Theory ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
And Performance

Differential treatment by coaches of amateur sports teams: right or wrong? Differential treatment by coaches of amateur sports teams: right or wrong? J.W.M. van Breukelen & W. Wesselius, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 20, November 2007, nr. 4, pp. 427-444 A central assumption in the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory is that leaders do not adopt a single style towards all members of their work unit, but treat the various team members differently. This may result in different kinds of working relationships between the leader and the various members ranging from formal to intense. The effects of these different LMX relationships are visible in important outcome variables such as job satisfaction and performance. Not only in working organizations but also in the context of sports differential treatment by the coach seems a relevant topic. In this article we describe the results of a field study among the players (N = 218) of 21 amateur sports teams. Firstly, we investigated on which aspects the coaches of these teams differentiated between the various team members and how these incidents of differential treatment were experienced by the players in terms of justice and fairness. In addition, we analyzed whether the frequency and evaluation of differential treatment was related to the players' enthusiasm and to team atmosphere and team performance. Social differentiation was appreciated less than task differentiation. Especially task differentiation proved to be important for team performance.

scholarly journals Role of the Diabetes Educator in Inpatient Diabetes Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Diabetes Educator ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inpatient Diabetes Management ◽  
Diabetes Educators

It is the position of American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) that all inpatient interdisciplinary teams include a diabetes educator to lead or support improvement efforts that affect patients hospitalized with diabetes or hyperglycemia. This not only encompasses patient and family education but education of interdisciplinary team members and achievement of diabetes-related organizational quality metrics and performance outcomes.

scholarly journals Team Leaders Matter in Knowledge Sharing: A Cross-Level Analysis of the Interplay between Leaders’ and Members’ Goal Orientations in the Chinese Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamin Zhang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Marina Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Learning Goal Orientation ◽  
Approach Orientation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the impact of cross-level interplay between team members’ and their leaders’ goal orientations (learning, performance approach, and performance avoidance) on knowledge sharing using samples from design teams in two companies in China. Our results show that team leaders’ learning goal orientation plays a critical moderating role. Specifically, team leaders’ learning goal orientation strengthens the positive relationship between team members’ learning orientation and knowledge sharing; positively moderates the relationship between team members’ performance approach orientation and knowledge sharing; and weakens the negative relationship between team members’ performance avoidance orientation and knowledge sharing. Team leaders’ performance approach orientation demonstrates a positive moderating effect when there is congruence between the performance approach orientation of leaders and members. Finally, team leaders’ performance avoidance orientation negatively moderates the relationship between team members’ learning and performance approach orientation on knowledge sharing. This research enhances our understanding of the conditions under which knowledge sharing occurs among team members, using the lens of Trait Activation Theory.

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