scholarly journals HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND PREVENTION METHODS ON WORK IN CONFINED SPACES

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Sulardi Sulardi ◽  
Nuruddin Kafy El-Ridho
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Safe Working

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of potential hazards and safe work procedures in the confined space area of ??the working of the oil and gas industry. The research method used was the application research method with a case study approach in the oil and gas industry in Balikpapan. The results showed that the potential danger in the room was limited by the danger of lack of oxygen, fire, poisoning explosion, irritation, static electricity, mechanical energy, extreme room temperature, dehydration, insufficient air circulation, slippery surfaces and ergonomic hazards. Safe working procedures in confined spaces were ensuring a safe working environment, use of PPE and work safety equipment, isolation of mechanical equipment, cleaning of gases and liquids, adequate air ventilation and adequate communication systems. The results of the study also recommended supporting the success of work in the confined space area to always be aware of the possibility of toxic gas, low oxygen concentrations and excess, the danger of work equipment and workers equipped with a gas tester.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF CORROSION CONTROL IN PIPELINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Shree Meenakshi. K
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Copper Aluminum ◽  
Pipeline Corrosion

Pipeline corrosion is the deterioration of pipe material and the related system due to its interaction with the working environment. It affects pipeline and accessories made of both metals and non-metals. Pipeline corrosion—and the related catastrophic failures that it can cause—cost billions of dollars to the economy. The total annual cost of corrosion in 2016, including direct and indirect costs, was estimated at over USD $1.1 trillion in the United States. In other words, corrosion is a big problem. It predominantly affects pipelines made of metals such as copper, aluminum, cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel and alloy steel pipes used for buried, underground, submerged or other pipelines. That makes designing and selecting the best available systems and materials for pipelines and their corrosion protection systems an extremely important issue for the oil and gas industry. In this research paper we will investigate and take a look at the key types of corrosion that affect pipelines, and some of the methods that are used to protect this infrastructure.

scholarly journals The Role of Façade Materials in Blast-Resistant Buildings: An Evaluation Based on Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy EDAS

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Hasheminasab ◽  
Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani ◽  
Mahdi Bitarafan ◽  
Prasenjit Chatterjee ◽  
Alireza Abhaji Ezabadi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
Fuzzy Delphi ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Air Explosion

Blast-resistant buildings are mainly used to protect main instruments, controllers, expensive equipment, and people from explosion waves. Oil and gas industry projects almost always include blast-resistant buildings. For instance, based on a hazard identification (HAZID) and hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis of a plant, control rooms and substations are sometimes designed to withstand an external free air explosion that generates blast over pressure. In this regard, a building façade is considered to be the first barrier of resistance against explosion waves, and therefore a building façade has an important role in reducing a building’s vulnerability and human casualties. In case of a lack of enough resistance, explosion waves enter a building and bring about irreparable damage to the building. Consequently, it seems important to study and evaluate various materials used in a façade against the consequences of an explosion. This study tried to make a comparison between different types of building facades against explosion waves. The materials used in a building play a key role in the vulnerability of a building. In this research, a literature review and the fuzzy Delphi method were applied to find the most critical criteria, and then a fuzzy evaluation based on the distance from the average solution (EDAS) was applied in order to assess various materials used in building facades from the perspective of resiliency. A questionnaire was presented to measure effective indices in order to receive experts’ ideas. Finally, by implementing this methodology in a case study, it was concluded that a stone façade performs much better against explosions.

Evaluation of Welding Techniques for Stainless Steels Piping Without Use of Backing Gas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Kumar Chiluvuri ◽  
Kevin Bliss ◽  
Jorge Penso
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Single Side ◽  
Gtaw Process ◽  
Purge Gas ◽  
Welding Procedure

Abstract In the piping fabrication industry Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is used extensively for welding of stainless and high alloy steel pipes, mainly for root pass of single side joints. GTAW process uses an inert gas for both shielding and backing of the weld. Backing gas also known as purge gas, is provided mainly to prevent oxidation of root pass weld from inside the pipe. Typically, Argon or Argon mixture (i.e. Argon with Helium, etc.) are used as backing gas. Argon gas, is colorless, odorless and heavier than air. Many safety incidents have occurred in the Oil and Gas industry (mainly during construction phase) due to asphyxiation. This has typically occurred when a person (usually a welder) goes inside the piping (a confined space) to inspect the root pass weld to ensure it will pass radiography test. Construction industry has failed to fully tackle this issue in a meaningful way and as a result, some significant number of fatalities occur each year. On several occasions, such incidents have resulted in multiple fatalities when coworkers enter the confined space to rescue and become a victim by themselves. There are a multitude of reasons why people put themselves at risk in this way. Reasons given for a reluctance to use alternative techniques that eliminates backing gas are many and varied. Alternate welding techniques without backing gas were developed many years ago. However, they are still not being used extensively for many reasons and apprehensions. Using these alternate welding techniques with right controls in place, can eliminate the hazard associated with backing gas and improve safety and maintain quality. This paper discusses and evaluates the alternate welding techniques (which do not require backing gas), limitations, welding procedure qualification and inspection requirements.

THE CHALLENGES OF MAJOR TANK COATING REFURBISHMENT PROJECTS FOR ON-STATION FLOATING ASSETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Westwell
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Future Date ◽  
Safe Working

The objective of this paper is to acknowledge that major tank coating refurbishment projects to FPSO’s and FSU’s are likely to be required during the life of these assets. It highlights the key challenges of achieving these major coating projects in an offshore environment, whilst the assets remain operational and in-production. As these floating assets age the original coatings applied to protect the internal (and external) hull, deteriorate. In an industry with a reluctance for extensive dry-dockings, there is an expectation that any coating refurbishment campaigns can be achieved safely and efficiently whilst the assets remain on-station and in-production, in preference to costly steel renewal’s which may be required at a future date if coatings are not maintained in good condition. With often complex, congested and hazardous topsides processing equipment and pipework directly above the hull tanks, there’s a need for systems, procedures, and specialist equipment to ensure the safety of the personnel entering confined spaces for extended periods. There’s also a need to plan and engineer the works appropriately, using best practice and emergent technologies to improve safety, reduce bedding impacts and to ensure the success of the coating campaign. This paper explores the challenges of major coating projects by discussing the importance of planning and preparation, the need to create a safe working environment within the confined space worksites, the role surface preparation plays in the success of coating projects, and finally the application of coatings and the challenges this operation can present. The key considerations are summarised in 10 specific conclusions as guidance to promote successful project outcomes.

The Centaur Engine: Operational Progress Report

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Made In

The Centaur engine, introduced by Solar in 1970, pioneered the application of turbine power in the 3000- to 4000-hp class for the oil and gas industry. Today, with over 500 units operating in some of the toughest industrial environments in the world, the documented reliability of the basic model continues to improve, surpassing original life objectives. Many changes have been made to the Centaur engine since 1970. This paper deals specifically with those based on field operating experience. Each modification is described in terms of the field experience, both before and after the change, the in-house and/or field test program, and the qualification testing involved. The scope of the discussion includes modifications applied throughout the major components of the engine. Of particular interest are the changes incorporated due to operation in arctic environments. Other modifications were made in response to specific problems encountered in unusual or particularly abusive service. The overall effect has been to greatly strengthen the engine improving both durability and reliability in the industrial working environment it serves.

scholarly journals Analysis of 801 Work-Related Incidents in the Oil and Gas Industry That Occurred Between 2014 and 2016 in 6 Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Moahamed Younes El Bouti ◽  
Mohamed Allouch
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Occupational Work

Oil and Gas Industry (OGI) faces a number of evolving and various types of risks and hazards that give rise to serious incidents. To conduct this study 801 incidents reports have been numerically analyzed, evaluated and interpreted. These incidents reports covered various severity levels, which have been occurred in 6 regions across the world, from 2014 to 2016. The analysis focused on global oil and gas industry. The study has shown that Occupational Work-related Incidents (OWRIs) occur mostly in October and especially in spring time. In addition, it has pointed out that the region of North America is the most affected area; almost one-third of OWRIs occurs in turbine hall area. Surprisingly, the study also revealed that three-quarters of the OWRIs did not occur in High-Risk Activity (HRA) and half of the incidents took place with no tooling involved. Noticeably, the main recurrent and frequent event was struck against or by (SAoB) that resulted dominantly in slight injuries that required only first aid care, and the most affected body part is the finger by “Cut (Laceration)/ Pinch”. The study has confirmed that the hazardous working environment in OGI was the direct cause for half of the OWRIs. However, based on the revealed results, it will be the assumptions that human factors have a crucial impact on the workplace safety and a contributing factor in the incidents. Some control measures were suggested accordingly.

The Challenges of Major Tank Coating Refurbishment Projects for On-Station Floating Assets

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Westwell
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Future Date ◽  
Safe Working

The objective of this paper is to acknowledge that major tank coating refurbishment projects to FPSO’s and FSU’s are likely to be required during the life of these assets. It highlights the key challenges of achieving these major coating projects in an offshore environment, whilst the assets remain operational and in-production. As these floating assets age the original coatings applied to protect the internal (and external) hull, deteriorate. In an industry with a reluctance for extensive dry-dockings, there is an expectation that any coating refurbishment campaigns can be achieved safely and efficiently whilst the assets remain on-station and in-production, in preference to costly steel renewal’s which may be required at a future date if coatings are not maintained in good condition. With often complex, congested and hazardous topsides processing equipment and pipework directly above the hull tanks, there’s a need for systems, procedures, and specialist equipment to ensure the safety of the personnel entering confined spaces for extended periods. There’s also a need to plan and engineer the works appropriately, using best practice and emergent technologies to improve safety, reduce bedding impacts and to ensure the success of the coating campaign. This paper explores the challenges of major coating projects by discussing the importance of planning and preparation, the need to create a safe working environment within the confined space worksites, the role surface preparation plays in the success of coating projects, and finally the application of coatings and the challenges this operation can present. The key considerations are summarised in 10 specific conclusions as guidance to promote successful project outcomes.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI SIKA DI PT. PERTAMINA EP PRABUMULIH

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Nareshwari Nareshwari ◽  
Indriati Paskarini
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Work Permit ◽  
Gas Poisoning

Oil and gas industry have high hazard potential. Some of major hazard in the oil and gas industry are fire hazard, gas explosion, and gas poisoning. PT Pertamina EP Asset 2 Prabumulih Field have Safe Work Permit System (SIKA) to prevent potential hazard in workplace. This research aims to study the SIKA procedure and its implementation in PT Pertamina EP Asset 2 Prabumulih Field. This research is a qualitative study and conducted with cross sectional approach. Data used in the research are primary data and secondary data.  The result obtained from this research is PT Pertamina EP Asset 2 Prabumulih Field have multiple type of SIKA such as SIKA for hot operation, cold operation, digging, and confined space. SIKA form contained about the job description, location, amount of workers,inherent dangers, job requrements  such as Job Safety Analysis, personal protective equipment, fire extinguishers, ventilation, etc) and parties that responsible in the SIKA implementation. Implementation that have been observed compared and analyzed with current regulation  applied in PT. Pertamina EP Asset 2. Based on the result, implementation of SIKA has gone well.  SIKA have not well distributed across the field. Advice that can be given is the SIKA Document distributed in accordance with the relevant parties.Keywords : work permit,analysis, implementation 

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF WEAR OF THE CHRISTMAS TREE CHOKE ELEMENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Ya. T. Fedorovych ◽  
M. M. Liakh ◽  
V. V. Mykhailiuk ◽  
R. O. Deineha ◽  
B. I. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Simulation Algorithm ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Dynamic Wear

The effectiveness of the use of machinery and equipment in the oil and gas industry is impossible without solving the problems associated with improving the wear resistance of their components and parts. One of the types of equipment that is subject to intensive wear is the elements of the gushing fittings (valves, chokes, etc.). During operation, the throttle locking elements (tip and nozzle) are subject to the destructive influence of the working environment, as a result of which hydro and gas-dynamic wear of the tip and nozzle occurs. As a result, it becomes impossible to control the flow of a well. The aim of the work is to use simulation modeling to study the wear process of the elements of the choke of the Christmas tree fittings to determine the areas that are the most worn, taking into account the size of abrasive particles in the gas stream. According to the results of simulation, it was found that the size and place of maximum wear of the throttle elements is different, depending on the size of the grains of sand. The amount of wear on the throttle tip is 15 mm/year, and most of all, it is not the tip that wears, but the nozzle (46 mm / year). It was also found that the amount of wear of the surfaces located in front of the nozzle, compared with the wear of the tip and the nozzle, is much less, and is 3 mm/year. Based on the above simulation algorithm and the obtained results, the model of an adjustable choke can later serve as a basis for its subsequent research, namely: optimizing the tip cone to reduce the amount of wear of the tip itself; studies of the effect of speed and pressure drop on the amount of wear of the throttle elements; design optimization.

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