scholarly journals Growth features of Arbutus andrachne L. under the conditions of field vegetation experiment on the Southern Coast of the Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (157) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
O. A. Ilnitsky ◽  
A. T. Gil ◽  
A. V. Pashtetsky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
Intensive Growth

The dependence of the growth rate of Arbutus andrachne L. on some environmental factors was studied under the conditions of the Southern Coast vegetation experiment in different periods of the species vegetation, which made it possible to find the optimal and limiting conditions for its growth. In March, vegetation began at an average daily air temperature of 3.5 – 7.50 °C and the increase in stem diameter was approximately 0.42 % (0.09 mm), at the second stage (April-May) – 3.7 % (0.58 mm) with a further exit to plateau. In July - August, two sections of the d % change are observed: the first section is from July 27 till August 19 - intensive growth of d % by 12.58 % (1.961 mm), the second section after August 19 – access to the growth plateau, which is associated with an increase in air temperature to 30-35 °C. In September-October, two sections of the d % change are observed: the first section lasted from September 01 till September 15 - intensive growth of d % by 3.55 % (0.582 mm), the second section after September 15 – exit to a plateau of growth, lowering the air temperature to 8-10 °C and the end of the growing season. In November, an increase in trunk diameter was not observed. The optimal environmental factors were: in March-May, Ta = 20-2 °C, Da = 0.4-1.2 kPa, I = 300-900 mmol / m2s; July-August, Ta = 22-28 °C, Da = 1.4-2.5 kPa, I = 500-1000 μmol / m2s; in September-October, Ta = 16-25 °C, Da = 0.3-1.5 kPa, I = 400-800 μmol / m2s, respectively. The results of our experiments allow us to compare the ecological and physiological characteristics we obtained with the climatic conditions of a particular region and evaluate the possibilities of introducing it into other regions.

scholarly journals Growth features of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. in the conditions of field vegetation experiment and in greenhouse on the Southern Coast of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04047
Author(s):  
O Ilnitsky ◽  
Y Plugatar ◽  
A Pashtetsky ◽  
S Korsakova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Juniperus Excelsa ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
Limiting Values

Different climatic conditions of the greenhouse and open ground determine the growth characteristics of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. During the studied vegetation period, three periods of trunk diameter growth were observed in the field vegetation experiment: in March–May, two growth peaks – at the first peak – 1% (0.68 mm), at the second one – 8.83% (3.72 mm). In July-August by 4.74% (1.69 mm), and in SeptemberOctober by 4.9% – (1.53 mm), the increase in the trunk diameter for 2019 was 18.96% or 7.62 mm. In greenhouse conditions, there were two growth peaks: in March-July, the first peak was an increase in d,% by 7.12% (1.11 mm) – while there was a slowdown in growth (April, 28 –May, 27) and (July, 13 – July, 25). The second peak is an increase in d,% by 5.06% and a slowdown in growth (November, 05 – November, 14). Total increase in d,% was 12.18% (1.899 mm). The increase in d,% in the conditions of vegetation experiment is 6.48% more than in the greenhouse conditions. Optimal and limiting values of the studied parameters of the environment and d,% for both research variants are found, and equations of nonlinear dependence between them are constructed. An increase in air temperature to 30-35°C causes a decrease in growth intensity. The research made it possible to determine the optimal and limiting conditions for the growth of this species in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea and the possibility of its introduction to other regions.

scholarly journals The growth characteristics of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. in the greenhouse conditions of the Southern coast of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Andrey Pashtetsky ◽  
Yuri Plugatar ◽  
Oleg Ilnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Juniperus Excelsa ◽  
The Crimea

The dependence of the growth intensity of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb on some environmental factors in the greenhouse conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea was studied. Vegetation and trunk diameter growth (d,%) started after March 15. There are two growth peaks: the first growth peak (15.03.–27.07.) led to an increase in d,% by 7.12% (0.053% per day) – with a slowdown in growth (28.04 –27.05) and (13.07 – 25.07) associated with a decrease in air temperature. The second – (12.09 – 18.11) led to an increase in d,% by 5.06% (0.075% per day), while also slowing growth at this time (05.11.–14.11.) was observed. After the second phase of active growth (14.11), there is an access to the growth plateau with the resumption of the growing season only in March next year. During the studied vegetation period (2019), the increase in trunk diameter d,% was 12.18% or 1.89 mm. Optimal conditions of maxima and boundaries of optimal regions for the first growth peak: d%=f(I,Ta) – Ta=22–28°C, I=500–800 mkmol/m2s, for d,%=f(I,Da) – Da=1.8–2.3 kPa, I=500–800 mkmol/m2s. For the second growth peak: d%=f(I,Ta) – Ta=22–26°C, I=400–750 mkmol/m2s, for d,%=f(I, Da) – Da =0.3–1.2 kPa, I=400–750 mkmol/m2s.

scholarly journals Correlation dynamics of transpiration intensity of pinus nigra subsp. Pallasiana with photosynthesis, temperature of needles and some environmental factors during vegetation under the conditions of the southern coast of the Crimea

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
O. A. Ilnitsky ◽  
Yu. V. Plugatar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Crimea

The relationship dynamics of the intensity of transpiration of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana with photosynthesis, pine needles temperature and some environmental factors in the process of active plant growth in the Southern Coast of the Crimea was examined. The display function response of transpiration to environmental factors allowed to determine the optima of these dependencies, and to obtain numerical coefficients of nonlinear regression equations for their correlations. During the period of active growth of the plant (June and September), the intensity of transpiration and the studied environmental factors changed: transpiration intensity - by 53.34%, air temperature - by 17.86%, air humidity level - by 42.86% and illumination - by 35.72%. Critical value of optimal temperature of phytosynthesis and transpiration. P. nigra subsp. pallasiana has a high potential for acclimatization at elevated ambient temperatures. The critical temperature of pine needles for this species is 38°C. The relative speed of xylary flow in the plant shoot and changes in its diameter combine the indicators of available moisture in the soil for the plant and the parameters of the environment. The data obtained allow us to interpret the intensity of transpiration as a potential ecological and physiological characteristic of this species. There is an opportunity to compare the results of our research with known from literary sources for the various species and subspecies of pines growing in similar climatic conditions using identical techniques.

The Incidence of Climatic Conditions Favourable to Coffee Berry Disease in Kenya

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Disease ◽  
Air Temperatures

SUMMARYClimatic conditions affecting the development of CBD are assessed by measuring wetness within the tree canopy and air temperature. Saturation of the tree canopy, necessary for spore dispersal, occurs most frequently at the tops of trees and the duration of wetness permitting spore germination is most prolonged at night. Night air temperatures are closest to berry temperatures and are important in assessing infection periods. Disease development in 1968 and 1969 was related to the number of infection periods during the growing season. Polythene tree covers which kept trees sufficiently dry to stop disease development were used in determining infection at different times of the year.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FACTOR ON THE DURATION OF INTERPHASE PERIODS OF MELON PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
N.A. Eliseeva ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Kostanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Fruit Formation

One of the valuable traits of any variety is its degree of adaptability to stressful environmental factors. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of average daily temperatures on the duration of interphase periods of some melon varieties in the first half of growing season to assess their ecological plasticity under conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019 on the experimental fields of FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Ukromnoye, Simferopol suburbs). All the research studies were carried out according to the existing guidelines for melon crops breeding. Fifty-six melon samples varying in reaching maturity were the objects of the study. Soil – chernozem southern calcareous heavy loamy; its texture is clayey, structure – lumpy. Weather conditions during the years of research varied. The most favourable temperature regime for the melon growing was in 2019 (2269.6 °С); unfavourable – in 2016 (1738.0 °С); 2017 and 2018 occupied an intermediate position. It allowed obtaining objective results in assessing ecological plasticity of the studied varieties. Planting scheme – standard; feeding area – 1.0×1.5 m2 per one plant. The study was carried out in a collection nursery; four-fold replication. We compared melons of three groups of ripeness: early (I) – varieties mature in 55–75 days, mid-early (II) – ripen in 76–90 days, mid-late (III) – require 90 days until harvest. During the years of research, the duration of interphase periods varied from 18 to 59 days. An increase in the relative average daily air temperature by 1 °C reduced the phenophases duration on average by 1.02–4.43 days. The most pronounced changes were revealed in the third interphase period (seedlings – fruit formation beginning): the average value of the ecological variation corresponded to 27.5 %; maximum it was in the mid-late samples (25.3 %). We established a close negative correlation (from –0.72 to –0.99) between an increase in the relative average daily air temperature and duration of the phenophases of the first half of the melon plants growing season. Each genotype reacted individually to changes in external influences. The group of mid-late samples had the highest degree of variability. An increase in the relative average daily temperatures by 1 °C reduces the length of the interphase periods of plants of this group from 1.99 to 3.75 days. Among others, varieties ‘Idyllia’, ‘Gulnara’, ‘Ethiopka’ were the most stable.

scholarly journals BIOMORPHOBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AROMATIC ROSE CULTIVAR ‘FESTIVALNAYA’ WHEN GROWING IN THE SOUTHERN COAST AND IN THE STEPPE CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
N.V. Marko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Today, the high demand for rose processing products in the world market determines the need to restore the raw material base of aromatic roses and the development of essential oil manufacture. In the era of the USSR, rose cultivar ‘Festivalnaya’, which was created in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (NBG-NSC), was one of the most promising for industrial cultivation. Plants of this cultivar are undemanding to environmental conditions and agricultural technologies, grow well on the carbonate soils, resistant to chlorosis, rust, powdery mildew. High mass fraction of essential oil (0.12– 0.14 % of the weight in raw form) and yield (15.8–39.0 centners/ha), as well as high content of phenylethyl alcohol in the essential oil, which was close to the standard - Bulgarian rose from the Kazanlak valley, are distinctive characteristics of this cultivar. For the last 25-30 years, biomorphological studies of plants of this cultivar in the conditions of the Crimea and Russia have not been conducted. The purpose of the research was to study the degree of manifestation of varietal traits of plants of the aromatic rose cv. ‘Festivalnaya’ in different ecological and geographical conditions of the Crimea to determine its genetic stability at conditions of weather and climatic changes in the region. Studies were carried out in 2015–2019 in the collection plantations on grafted plants under conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC) and the Crimean steppe zone according to generally accepted methods. Comparing the obtained data with the literature sources, we concluded that under modern growing conditions, morphological changes affected an increase in the number of thorns per unit of measure (7.18 ± 2.34 pcs., which on average surpasses the literature data by 2.0 pcs.), an increase in the double-flowered trait (on average, there are 95.2 ± 9.0 petals, which is 20 petals more than according to the data mentioned in 1975–1976). The results of phenological observations showed that rose bud swelling in the SCC and steppe Crimea begins in the second half of February when the sum of positive temperatures is above 231 °С and a steady increase in air temperature is above 5.4 °С. Over the past 40 years, the beginning of flowering of the aromatic rose cultivar ‘Festivalnaya’ in the Southern Coast has shifted to an earlier date. The beginning of flowering occurs in the middle/end of May when a certain accumulated temperature is reached (above 1125 °C) and the average monthly air temperature is above +17.5 °C. The period of mass flowering, during which it is possible to collect up to 80 % of the flowers from the total crop, in the Southern Coast lasts 14.4 ± 2.9 days, namely from the end of May to mid-June. In recent years, a tendency to a decrease in the duration of the flowering period of the aromatic rose cv. ‘Festivalnaya’ is observed: the maximum flowering time has decreased and became seven days shorter; the average flowering time – three days shorter. The yield of flowers of grafted bushes of ‘Festivalnaya’ at the age of four to eight years averaged 17.0 centners/ha; the maximum yield reached 24.6 centners/ha.

scholarly journals Environmental Controls of Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in the Stem Radius of Platycladus orientalis in Northern China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manyu Dong ◽  
Bingqin Wang ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Xinyuan Ding
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Environmental Controls

Fine-resolution studies of stem radial variation over short timescales throughout the year can provide insight into intra-annual stem dynamics and improve our understanding of climate impacts on tree physiology and growth processes. Using data from high-resolution point dendrometers collected from Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) trees between September 2013 and December 2014, this study investigated the daily and seasonal patterns of stem radial variation in addition to the relationships between daily stem radial variation and environmental factors over the growing season. Two contrasting daily cycle patterns were observed for warm and cold seasons. A daily mean air temperature of 0 °C was a critical threshold that was related to seasonal shifts in stem diurnal cycle patterns, indicating that air temperature critically influences diurnal stem cycles. The annual variation in P. orientalis stem radius variation can be divided into four distinct periods including (1) spring rehydration, (2) the summer growing season, (3) autumn stagnation, and (4) winter contraction. These periods reflect seasonal changes in tree water status that are especially pronounced in spring and winter. During the growing season, the maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) of P. orientalis was positively correlated with air temperature (Ta) and negatively correlated with soil water content (SWC) and precipitation (P). The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) also exhibited a threshold-based control on MDS at values below or above 0.8 kPa. Daily radial changes (DRC) were negatively correlated with Ta and VPD but positively correlated with relative air humidity (RH) and P. These results suggest that the above environmental factors are associated with tree water status via their influence on moisture availability to trees, which in turn affects the metrics of daily stem variation including MDS and DRC.

scholarly journals THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE BREEDING OF GARDEN ROSES IN THE SOUTHERN COAST OF THE CRIMEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Z. K. Klimenko ◽  
Yu. V. Plugatar ◽  
S. A. Plugatar ◽  
V. K. Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Creation

The article presents the analysis of breeding work with garden roses, carried out in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens (NBG) from 1824 to the present time. There are three main historical stages, which have different breeding tasks, as well as methods of work: the first stage is connected with the work of N.A. Hartwiss, the second stage – N.D. Kostetsky and the third one – V.N. Klimenko, Z.K. Klimenko and K.I. Zykov. The most significant breeding achievements of the NBG’s rose breeders are indicated. Based on the analysis of the results of the introduction study of garden roses in the NBG, the main features of garden roses cultivation in the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC) are specified and the requirements for cultivars created for these conditions are determined. It is established that currently in the breeding work with roses in the NBG, there are four main directions. The first direction is the creation of cultivars with multiple long flowering, the total duration of which can exceed 200 days. A cultivar must endure difficult xerothermic conditions of the Southern Coast in July – August without losing of decorative value. The second task is the selection work with garden groups that are difficult to cultivate in the more northern areas. Among them, under conditions of the SCC, there are highly promising garden groups of miniature and climbing roses. The third direction of breeding is to increase resistance to major fungal diseases affecting roses under the conditions of the SCC. The basic breeding methods to achieve this objective are given. The fourth research line is the creation of cultivars with a strong aroma. These cultivars can be used in aerophytotherapeutic rosaries, arrangement of which in the SCC is relevant in connection with the development of the resort industry.

scholarly journals Organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of olive oil obtained in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (157) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
A. V. Pashtetskaya ◽  
N. N. Bakova ◽  
A. E. Paliy ◽  
A. N. Karpova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
The Crimea

Olive oil is a vegetable oil obtained from the fruits of the European olive (Olea europaea L.). In terms of fatty acid composition, it is a mixture of triglycerides of fatty acids with a very high content of oleic acid esters. It has a color from brownish-yellow to greenish-yellow and has a slight bitterness aftertaste. The beneficial properties of olive oil determined by the content of oleic acid, which ensures low oxidizability of the product and helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The quality of the oil and its compliance with GOST requirements are important. The purpose of this report is to study the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of olive oil from different manufacturers, including that obtained by the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, their compliance with the approved norms of Russian and European standards and requirements, regulations, as well as determining the class produced oil. The work uses generally accepted methods of organoleptic, physicochemical, and other research. The analysis of existing systems of olive oil classification is given. The chemical indicators of the composition of olive oils from NBG and leading manufacturers on the Russian market are presented. The issues of the organoleptic assessment of the oil and its physical and chemical indicators are highlighted, the composition of fatty acids of olive oil obtained in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea is analyzed and its comparative analysis with olive oil from other manufacturers, as well as the norms of compliance with stand ards, codes and technical regulations. It has been proven that the NBG’s oil, due to the natural and climatic conditions of olive growth, is of high quality and meets the required Extra Virgin oil standards.

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