scholarly journals Молодежь и краеведение: исторический опыт и точки роста

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Gutsalov
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
The North ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Empire

В статье предпринята попытка осмыслить исторический опыт краеведческой деятельности и вовлечения в нее молодежи. Основной акцент сделан на исследование практики регионов Юга России. В XVIII XIX вв. в нашей стране началось формирование понятийного аппарата краеведения, которое тогда обозначалось различными терминами: местнография, отчизноведение, отечествоведение, родиноведение. Особое значение имела деятельность краеведческих организаций в провинции. Южнороссийские краеведческие объединения представляли собой крупнейшие региональные центры распространения научных знаний, формирующие пространство коммуникации интеллигенции. Опыт развития краеведения в дореволюционной России оказался востребованным в дальнейшем. В 1920-х гг. ( золотое десятилетие краеведения ) на Юге, как и в других регионах, возникли специализированные государственные институты наряду с ними продолжалась деятельность общественных организаций. В постсоветский период активизация краеведческого движения происходила на фоне обострения межэтнических отношений и ослабления роли государства. Краеведческие исследования, проводимые вне контекста общероссийской истории, провоцировали мифологизацию образов прошлого, рост сепаратистских настроений в обществе, особенно в молодежной среде. Сформированный в последние годы положительный опыт сочетает разумное участие в краеведческой деятельности государства и его учреждений с развитием общественных инициатив.The article comprehends the historical experience of local history and young peoples involvement in local history activities in order to identify the prospects of its development and growth points. The main emphasis is made on the study of the practice of Southern Russias regions. Local history was conceptually designed in Russia in the 18th 19th centuries. It was designated by various terms: local studies, fatherland studies, national science, motherland studies. The leading actors of local history studies were academic institutions and public research organizations that were massively being established in the 19th century. Their initiatives objectively contributed to the development of traveling, to the engagement of representatives of various professional groups and youth in research, to the introduction of local history subjects into curricula. Public associations were the cells of the civil society formed in the Russian Empire and contributed to the formation of the allRussias and local identities. The activities of local history organizations in provinces was of particular importance. Southern Russias associations such as the Society for the Study of the Kuban Region, the Caucasus Mountain Society, the Stavropol Society for the Study of the NorthCaucasian Region, the Terek Society for the Protection and Preservation of Monuments were major regional distribution centers for the scientific knowledge that formed the communication space for the intelligentsia. Experience in the development of local history in prerevolutionary Russia was in demand later. Specialized state institutions in the South and in other regions were established in the 1920s, the socalled golden decade of local history. Along with them, the activities of public organizations continued. The multiethnic nature of the territory led to the creation of national research institutions, associations and societies. Specialized regional editions (Byulleten SeveroKavkazskogo byuro kraevedeniya Bulletin of the North Caucasian Local History Bureau, etc.) paid special attention to involving youth and students in local history activities. The conflict between the diversity of local history topics and interpretations and the ideological strategy of the state to unify the life of society manifested itself in the 1920s. The dissolution of amateur local history associations in the early 1930s marked the total subordination of local history initiatives to the state. The activation of the local history movement in the postSoviet period took place against the background of the aggravation of interethnic relations and the weakening of the role of the state. Local history studies, which were conducted outside the context of Russian history, provoked the mythologization of images of the past, the growth of separatist sentiments in society, especially among young people. The positive experience of local history, which was formed in recent years, combines the reasonable participation of the state and its institutions with the development of public initiatives. As an example, the article discusses the activity of the historical and geographical society Dzurdzuki (Republic of Ingushetia). The urgent tasks of identifying forgotten names and artifacts, issues related to the return to the modern cultural discourse of the memory of the events of national history make the development of literary, scientific, technical, archaeological, historical, ethnocultural local history relevant. Local history as an important component of patriotic education of young people is directly connected with the solution of topical socioeconomic and cultural problems, with the development of domestic tourism, with the protection of historical and cultural monuments, as well as with cultural branding of territories.

“Our Cause” in the North-West Region: J.I. Fudel’s Views (1889–1892)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Vinyukova
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church ◽  
North Western

The article examines the views of the Orthodox priest I.I. Fudel on the position and goals of the Orthodox Church in the North-Western region and on the confessional policy of the Russian Empire in that region. The position of father Joseph, who served in Bialystok for several years, correlates with the opinion of major figures in the public debate on that issue – A.A. Vladimirov, I.P. Kornilov, M.N. Katkov, K.N. Leontiev, – and Slavophil idea. Special attention is paid to the polemics of Fudel and Vladimirov in the «Russian review» journal. The author shows that the idea of «our cause» for father Joseph was precisely the Orthodox mission, which, in turn, would have led to natural, voluntary assimilation of local population. Putting the «religious» above the «national» and «governmental», distinguishing the interests, goals and means of the state and the Church, Fudel did not deny the role of the state principles in the establishment of Orthodoxy in the region, which he saw primarily as imperative of government funding of various Church institutions.

scholarly journals Activities of Military Topographers in Western Siberia in Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Russian Empire in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The activities of military topographers in Western Siberia to provide cartographic information on the foreign and domestic policies of the Russian Empire in Central Asia and Siberia in the 19th century are considered in the article. The role of information in the formation of the Russian Empire is emphasized. The contribution of the state to the organization of the study of the Asian regions of Russia and neighboring countries is noted. The establishment of the military topographic service in Western Siberia can be traced taking into account data on administrative transformations in the Siberian region, and on changes in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The participation of military topographers in determining and designating the state border with China is described in detail. The question of the role of military topographers in the scientific study of China and Mongolia is raised. The significance of the activities of military topographers for the policy of the Russian Empire on the socio-economic development of Siberia and the north-eastern part of the territory of modern Kazakhstan is revealed. The contribution of topographers to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the design of river channels and new land routes is revealed. A large amount of literary sources, materials on the work of military topographers of Western Siberia, published in “Notes of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff” is used in the article.

ADZHIEL TRACT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LOCAL HISTORY OF THE CRIMEAN AZOV REGION: KEY RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Sergey V. YARTSEV ◽  
Viktor G. ZUBAREV ◽  
Sergey L. SMEKALOV
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Kerch Peninsula ◽  
Azov Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
History Of

The object of the research is the peculiarities of the historical process on the Kerch Peninsula in the context of the local history of one of its regions. The authors conduct a detailed study of the most inhabited region of the Crimean Azov region – the Adzhiel tract, located in the western part of the peninsula to the territory adjacent to the Kazantip Bay. This gully, which goes in the north-western and south-eastern direction, fences off a significant part of the Kerch peninsula and represents one of the natural protective boundaries of the Eastern Crimea. The subject of research is to reconstruct the historical picture of the area, to define the main results and prospects for further research. Relying on a wide range of sources, primarily on the archaeological material of their own perennial excavations in the specified area, with the use of the source analysis method, the authors consider the known facts and events of the ancient history of the Kerch Peninsula in a new way. The methodological basis of the work is objectivity and historicism, which contributed to conducting of unbiased research. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time on a wide material, the stages of the historical development of one of the regions of the Kerch Peninsula were highlighted and the actual directions for further research in this area were identified. Due to the abundance of water and fertile soil, the Adzhiel tract was almost always inhabited by people. However, the most intense events occurred in the tract in the era of the Bosporus kingdom, when a system of defensive fortifications of the western borders of the state functioned here. Perhaps this system was more complicated than it previously seemed. This is indicated by the remains of another, previously unknown tower discovered by the authors in 2018. Thus, the authors conclude that the further prospects of research in the Adzhiel tract are connected both with the detailed reconstruction of the defence system of the Bosporus on the western frontiers of the state and also with the continuation of the study of Christian antiquities, including medieval time, and the religious life of the population of the Khazar Khaganate.

scholarly journals Economic risks of language policy and language culture of youth in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-150
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Smyslova ◽  
Andrei A. Linchenko ◽  
Daria V. Lakomova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Economic Risks

The purpose of the article was to classify and analyze the economic risks of language policy in Russia in the context of the peculiarities of the language culture of young people, as well as their ideas about the place and role of the Russian language in the economic development of Russia. The systemic nature of these risks, as well as the post-fundamentalist interpretation of political philosophy, allowed us to single out and classify the external and internal risks of language policy, as well as talk about the internal risks of language policy not only in the aspect of public policy (policy level), but also in the aspect of public activity and initiative (political level). It was revealed that the key problem of external risk management is the lack of certainty of the functional role of the Russian language. The key problem of managing internal risks is to change the emphasis of language policy from preserving the language situation to increasing human economic well-being, reducing language barriers as economic barriers. The fundamental problem of Russian language policy lies in the absolutization of the role of the state and its policy and insufficient attention to non-state actors, public organizations, communities and social groups as subjects of language policy. A reflection of the general inconsistency of modern Russian language policy is the state and peculiarities of the economic consciousness of young people, the study of which was undertaken by us in the aspect of the attitude and interpretation of foreign economic vocabulary by young people in Russian. It was found that, on the one hand, Russian youth demonstrates a positive attitude towards the possibility of finding and implementing Russian equivalents of foreign economic terms and concepts, and on the other hand, the study recorded an increase in skepticism towards this as young people grow up and are included in work and business. At the same time, it was revealed the importance of the educational sphere and the media as mediums for the transformation of language culture and tools of language policy.

scholarly journals Land and interethnic relations in the North Caucasus in the XIX - early XX centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Д. Дзидзоев
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Revolutionary Period

В статье рассматриваются сложнейшие проблемы взаимоотношений коренных народов Северного Кавказа в дореволюционный период. Особенно выделяются этнополитические противоречия между казаками и коренными народами, включая также так называемых иногородних, под которыми здесь следует понимать русских, украинцев и представителей других славянских народов. Основное внимание уделяется ущербной внутренней политике Российской империи, которая, как показано в статье, создавала большие привилегии для казачества, наделяя их лучшими земельными участками, а коренные народы, которые в советской литературе традиционно назывались горцами, лишались элементарных земельных прав. The article deals with the most complex problems of relations between the indigenous peoples of the North Caucasus in the pre-revolutionary period. The ethnopolitical contradictions between the Cossacks and the indigenous peoples, including the so-called nonresidents, which should be understood as Russians, Ukrainians and representatives of other Slavic peoples, are particularly highlighted. The main attention is paid to the fl awed internal policy of the Russian Empire, which, as shown in the article, created great privileges for the Cossacks, giving them the best land plots, and the indigenous peoples, who were traditionally called highlanders in Soviet literature, were deprived of elementary land rights.

scholarly journals Der Norden und der Süden: die Rolle des Staates bei der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Spaltung Italien.

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (98) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Isaia Sales
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Italian History ◽  
The North ◽  
Role Of The State

The dominating role of the state in the failed economic and social integration of the Mezzogiorno into the modern and developed northern part of the country since the creation of the Italian union is analysed. The mutation of the 'southern' to the'northern question' constitutes one of the most recent phenomena in Italian history which threatens the concept of national unity. Therefore, a new contract between the North and the South is necessary to combat the backwardness of the Mezzogiorno. This also requires a new quality of state and not its withdrawal from social life.

Value Orientations of Russian Youth in Interaction Models between the State and Civil Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Oleg Vladimirovich Lagutin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Young People ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
State University ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Models ◽  
Multidimensional Methods ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of the formation of civil society in modern Russia with the traditionally significant role of the state, the problem of studying the inclusion of young people in a particular model of the relationship between these two institutions is of particular relevance. This choice will determine a certain type of political system in Russia in the future. The purpose of the study is to identify empirically groups of young people who are determined by the direction of value orientations in public life and their involvement in various models of interaction between the state and civil society. The empirical basis of the study was a project conducted in 2019 by Saint Petersburg State University and Altai State University to study the political consciousness of Russian youth. As a result of using multidimensional methods of analysis, the connection between the involvement of the citizen-state models and the types of value orientations of Russian youth is revealed. Four groups of young people were obtained, stratified by value orientations, the specifics of relations between the state and citizens of our country, and the choice of the preferred type of state to live in.

scholarly journals STATE POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN TO ENSURE THE INTERNATIONAL CONSENT AND TOLERANCE IN SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Rakhbar Khamidovna Murtazaeva
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Key Words ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Migration

The article, based on official documents, reveals the state policy in the field of interethnic relations in Uzbekistan at the present stage. The experience of Uzbekistan in maintaining stability in interethnic relations and friendship between representatives of more than 130 peoples living in the republic is shown, and a conclusion is drawn about the Uzbek model of interethnic harmony. It is also emphasized that in historically multi-ethnic Uzbekistan, tolerance is the basis of mutual understanding and harmony in society, the most important condition for finding compromises and overcoming conflicts. The article describes the problems and specific tasks in the field of interethnic relations that arose in the context of globalization, integration and migration. KEY WORDS: Interethnic harmony, tolerance, the Uzbek model of interethnic harmony, interethnic tolerance, confrontation in information and cyberspace, educating young people in the spirit of tolerance.

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