scholarly journals Diskursus Etika Sosial bagi Kalangan Injili: Mengenal Pemikiran Reinhold Niebuhr melalui The Serenity Prayer

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Romeo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Social Ethics ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reinhold Niebuhr ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Transcendence

Etika sosial bukanlah topik utama di kalangan Kristen injili, sehingga beredar asumsi bahwa orang Kristen injili cenderung pesimis tentang situasi dalam dunia dan karena itu menghindari isu-isu dalam etika sosial. Tulisan ini menawarkan diskursus etika sosial bagi kalangan Kristen injili dengan memperkenalkan pemikiran Reinhold Niebuhr. The Serenity Prayer dipakai sebagai metode untuk membingkai pemikiran Niebuhr. Dalam pandangan Niebuhr manusia memiliki realitas paradoksal di dalam dirinya. Di satu sisi, ia adalah manusia berdosa yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam menerapkan kasih yang murni sebagaimana yang Yesus ajarkan. Di sisi lain, ia adalah gambar Allah yang memiliki kemampuan transendensi diri yang mampu berpikir kreatif untuk menciptakan kebaruan dalam hidupnya. Menyikapi realitas paradoksal ini, Niebuhr memberi saran untuk membangun landasan etika sosial yang realistis (dialektis) sehingga tidak jatuh pada sikap optimisme yang berlebihan apalagi jatuh pada sikap pesimisme yang cenderung fatalistik. Social ethics is not a major topic that is often discussed among evangelical Christians. Therefore, arise assumption that evangelical Christians tend to be pessimistic about situations globally and avoid issues in social ethics. This article offers a discourse on social ethics for evangelical Christians by introducing Reinhold Niebuhr’s thoughts. The serenity prayer is used as a method to frame Niebuhr’s thoughts. In Niebuhr’s view, man has a paradoxical reality. He is a sinful man who has limitations in exercising the pure love that Jesus taught. On the other hand, he is an image of God who can self-transcendence and think creatively to create newness in his life. Responding to this paradoxical reality, Niebuhr gave suggestions to build a realistic (dialectical) social ethics foundation that does not fall into an attitude of excessive optimism, let alone fall into an attitude of pessimism that tends to be fatalistic.

scholarly journals The Importance of Moral Behaviours in the Anthropocene Epoch

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Mihnea Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Future Researcher ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Self Transcendence

This article wishes to present a theoretical perspective which seeks to addresses the importance of moral behaviours in the current proposed epoch, characterised by the significant impact of human activity upon Earth’s geology and ecosystems, called the Anthropocene. The present paper proposes that, in the current global context, time has come for humanity to implement new adaptive answers to the problems of mutualism, and therefore, argues in favour of the idea that wishing to discover and to behave in accordance with objective moral truths represent, on one hand, a first step in the process of ensuring a collective and benevolent development for mankind, and on the other hand, a major aspect which fulfils both self-actualization needs and self-transcendence needs. In line with this view, this article hopes to inspire future researcher investigations that would aim to find out new and more practical ways of increasing the frequency of moral behaviours.

God′s Body: Epistemic and Ritual Conceptions from Sanskrit Texts of Logic

Paragrana ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Gérard Colas
Keyword(s):  
Image Of God ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Images ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
The Universe

AbstractDiscussions on the nature of the relationship between a god, his body and his material representation are almost non-existent in the Hindu devotional perspective, where such concerns are superfluous. Hindu theological and ritual Sanskrit texts, on the other hand, applied procedures of reasoning with regard to that relationship. This rationalization however accommodated rather than conflicted with the devotional attitude. Their attempt to clarify their stand vis-à-vis god′s body and material image followed from ideological or technical requirements. This was done sometimes systematically, as in the Viśiṣṭādvaita school of philosophy where the ritual image is declared to be “a divine descent (of God) for the purpose of worship”; sometimes incidentally, as in ritual manuals, where the process of changing statues into divine bodies is described.But why should gods have a body at all? While some contend that they do not possess any body, others assert that they possess several at the same time, yet others infer the necessity of a body for God to create the universe, to reveal sacred texts, etc. These are some arguments and counter-arguments found in theological texts. The nature of the hierarchy between divine descents and images (which may or may not be considered as real bodies of gods) is another aspect of the discussion.Another question is the various ways in which ritual texts consider the relation between a god and his image. While immediacy characterizes the relation between the devotee and the image of god, the relation between ritual and image is far from being spontaneous. Rituals insure the presence of a god in an image through a technico-mystical process consisting of successive stages and involving patrons, astrologers, artists, priests and others. The final product, namely a concrete god-cum-image, is fit for devotion, but remains for ever fragile, dependent on the continuity of rites and on the material preservation of the image. Behind the ritual perspective also lies the notion that this process of creating a body for a god is in keeping with “natural” laws. Hindu ritual prescriptions are applicable only to the religious images which, though man-made, are considered as “natural”. Supra-natural divine images, known as “self-manifested” images, must be worshiped, but are beyond the range of these prescriptions.

scholarly journals On be...ing political: Empat model identitas ramah-gereja di bawah bayang-bayang kanopi suci kebangsaan

Kurios ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Joas Adiprasetya
Keyword(s):  
Social Ethics ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Stanley Hauerwas ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Sacred Canopy ◽  
The Church

This article discusses the idea of a hospitable church that struggles under the sacred canopy of the state, especially in the Indonesian context. By using Stanley Hauerwas’ social ethics and ecclesiology that views the church as an exemplary community, this article proposes an ecclesial model that maintains the tension of being true to its nature on the one hand and being political on the other hand. Such a model is demonstrated through its four dimensions: beholding, becoming, belonging, and befriending. The paper ends with a conclusion, in which the author reflects on the four dimensions by using the perspective of the four classical marks of the church (notae ecclesiae). AbstrakArtikel ini membahas gagasan mengenai gereja dengan identitas-ramah yang berjuang di bawah kanopi suci negara, khususnya dalam konteks Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan etika sosial dan eklesiologi Stanley Hauerwas, yang memandang gereja sebagai komunitas eksemplaris, artikel ini mengusul-kan model gerejawi yang mempertahankan ketegangan antara menjadi setia pada hakikatnya di satu sisi dan menjadi politis di sisi lain. Model semacam itu ditunjukkan melalui empat dimensinya: beholding, becoming, belonging, dan befriending. Makalah diakhiri dengan kesimpulan yang di dalamnya penulis merefleksikan empat dimensi di atas dengan menggunakan perspektif empat tanda klasik gereja (notae ecclesiae).

scholarly journals Evolution of bone cortical compactness in slow arboreal mammals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Alfieri ◽  
J.A. Nyakatura ◽  
E. Amson
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractLifestyle convergences and related phenotypes are a major topic in evolutionary biology. Low bone cortical compactness (CC), shared by the two genera of ‘tree sloths’, has been linked to their convergently evolved slow arboreal ecology. The proposed relationship of low CC with ‘tree sloths’ lifestyle suggests a potential convergent acquisition of this trait in other slow arboreal mammals. ‘Tree sloths’, ‘Lorisidae’, Palaeopropithecidae, Megaladapis and koalas were included in a phylogenetically informed CC analysis of the humerus and femur, as well as closely related but ecologically distinct taxa. We found that ‘tree sloths’ are unparalleled by any analysed clade, in featuring an extremely low CC. A tendency for low CC was however found in palaeopropithecids (especially Palaeopropithecus) and Megaladapis. On the other hand, low CC was not found in ‘Lorisidae’. Koalas, although deviating from the compact structure generally observed in mammals, are not clearly distinct from their sister taxon (wombats) and show humeral CC that is higher than femoral CC. Multiple factors seem to influence CC, preventing the recognition of a simple relationship between slow arborealism and low CC. Highly compact cortical bone in extinct sloths confirms that low CC in ‘tree sloths’ likely represents a recent convergence.

scholarly journals From the other side of doubt – overcoming anxiety and fear: Paul Tillich’s “courage to be” and Reinhold Niebuhr’s “Christian realism”

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reinhold Niebuhr ◽  
Christian Realism ◽  
Secular World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
The Church ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Paul Tillich’s view on reality is that anxiety is part of being human. According to Reinhold Niebuhr, Christian realism has a realistic and an idealistic side to it. Reality is always changing and filled with tension. On the other hand there is a vision of otherworldliness, a vision of transcendence in everydayness. The theological nomer “Christian” indicates an awareness of God’s presence as well as the human tendency to be self-directed. The objectives of this article are to “rephrase” Niebuhr’s knowledge of the reality of the secular world, conceptualise Tillich’s categories of “anxiety” and “fear” against the background of the reality of the secular world, and explain Niebuhr’s notion of “Christian realism”. Their insights are used to empower the church to overcome homophobia in the faith community’s pastoral care of gays.

Theophany

Portrait ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Nancy
Keyword(s):  
Image Of God ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Made In

In its weaving of Judeo-Greek themes, Christianity introduced a revolution into the mimesis of the human face and from there into mimesis in general. If man is made in the image of God, on the one hand, and if, on the other hand, God becomes man—that is, if God makes himself into his own image but within the mortal condition defined through its sin—then the image of man can oscillate between divine value and the value of human fallenness....

scholarly journals Surrender to Another Person: The Case of a Spiritual Master

2020 ◽  
pp. 002216782097563
Author(s):  
Amir Freimann ◽  
Ofra Mayseless
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Spiritual Integration ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Transcendence

The experience and posture of surrender has been espoused by religious traditions as key to spiritual life and development for millennia. Within psychology, on the other hand, surrender’s position has been likened to an “unwanted bastard child,” and its research has been neglected. Moreover, when occurring in the context of a relationship with another person, the terms “submission” and “obedience,” laden with negative connotations, have been commonly used. We propose that psychologically and spiritually developmental surrender is a common experience both when it occurs in relationship to “reality,” the Self or God, and in the context of relationship with another person, as in love, sex, patientship, followership, and discipleship. We focus on surrender to a spiritual master, which is in some respects the most extreme form of surrender to another person and the most challenging for the modern secular worldview to accept and suggest that, with all its complexity and potential pitfalls, it can be a powerful enabler and facilitator of the search for the sacred, self-transcendence, and spiritual integration.

scholarly journals Reframing hunting, gathering, tool-making and art, as expressions of evolution of consciousness as depicted in Jean Gebser’s ‘the ever-present origin’

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz N. Ilongo
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Evolution Of Consciousness ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

This article explores the evolution of consciousness as directly correlated to hunting, gathering, tool-making and art. The methodology is qualitative theoretical analyses, articulated around Jean Gebser’s seminal work, The Ever-Present Origin. Hunting and gathering are expressions of a magical, unitary, ‘self-dissolving’ consciousness. Tool-making on the other hand is depicted as evolving from a mythical consciousness of duality, polarity, symbolism and a state of being qualified by ‘crystallisation of the I’. Lastly, art is a function of a consciousness of ‘self-transcendence’, ‘I and I’, idealisation and a transpersonal state of being. The article concludes by positing that hunting, gathering, tool-making and art can be reframed as ‘forms of the movement of consciousness’.

scholarly journals The Distinction of Ornament and Decoration in Architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahani ◽  
Iraj Etessam ◽  
Seyed Gholamreza Islami
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Clear Conception ◽  
The Way

<p>Ornament has been present throughout the recorded history, revealing human's aspirations, reflections and imaginations. Correspondingly, the discussion of ornament has almost uninterruptedly been a major topic for architectural discourses; one which has led to the publication of several significant texts in which ornamental practices has been addressed from a variety of perspectives. An investigation into the key architectural texts however, reveals that the absence of a certain definition of ornament and its functions in architecture as well as the interchangeable use of the terms 'decoration' and ornament as synonyms, have always been a serious obstacle to reach a clear conception of ornament nature . In this regard, the present paper attempted to distinguish between 'ornament' and 'decoration' based on a comparative analysis of the scholars’ accounts and the way the terms were employed in the architectural texts. Results indicated that the aforementioned concepts can be distinguished by means of seven criteria including components, connection, reference source, role, field of application and reference mode. According to the most referred criteria, ornament is an essential part of architecture which creates a firm bonding with its carrier and often fulfills functions more than aesthetic one .It is mostly made up of transformed motifs and evokes natural forces that originate deeply beyond or within the body of building. Decoration on the other hand, is a pleasing arrangement of real things; a suggestion of the decorous which does not have a permanent connection with its carrier. It is also purely representational, due to its reference to external matters such as mythology, religion, history, or cultural practice.  </p>

scholarly journals Vryheid as tema van die sosiale etiek (in Suid-Afrikaanse konteks)

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Many

Freedom as a theme of social ethics (within the context of South Africa) “Freedom” is one of the most widely discussed notions in theology and politics, one of the most desirable expectations of mankind and one of the great ideals of humanity to achieve, but on the other hand also one of those concepts about which many different and even contradictory interpretations exist. In this article the many meanings which the concept “freedom” has acquired through the ages are outlined, followed by an investigation of the Biblical meaning of the word. A section on freedom as understood by Afrikaner theologians in South Africa as well as its interpretation within the Liberation Theology is also included in the argumentation. The article is concluded by a set of resolutions. The investigation of the concept “freedom” boils down to two main distinctions, namely “freedom from” and “freedom to”.

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