scholarly journals Toxicity Effects of Oral Administration of Clinacanthus nutans Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Blood, Liver and Kidneys of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aliyu ◽  
M. R. Shaari ◽  
Nurul Syahirah Ahmad Sayuti ◽  
M. F. H. Reduan ◽  
Sajjarattul Nurul Nadia Asyura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Toxicity Effects

scholarly journals Subacute Oral Administration of Clinacanthus nutans Ethanolic Leaf Extract Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicities in ICR Mice

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Aliyu ◽  
Mohd Rosly Shaari ◽  
Nurul Syahirah Ahmad Sayuti ◽  
Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan ◽  
Shanmugavelu Sithambaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

This study investigated the leaves of Clinacanthus nutans for its bioactive compounds and acute and subacute toxicity effects of C. nutans ethanolic leaf extract (CELE) on blood, liver and kidneys of ICR mice. A total of 10 8-week-old female mice were divided into groups A (control) and B (2000 mg/kg) for the acute toxicity study. A single dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered to group B through oral gavage and mice were monitored for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, mice were divided into five groups: A (control), B (125 mg/kg), C (250 mg/kg), D (500 mg/kg) and E (1000 mg/kg). The extract was administered daily for 28 days via oral gavage. The mice were sacrificed, and samples were collected for analyses. Myricetin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, isookanin, apigenin and ferulic acid were identified in the extract. Twenty-eight days of continuous oral administration revealed significant increases (p < 0.05) in creatinine, ALT and moderate hepatic and renal necrosis in groups D and E. The study concluded that the lethal dose (LD50) of CELE in mice is greater than 2000 mg/kg and that repeated oral administrations of CELE for 28 days induced hepatic and renal toxicities at 1000 mg/kg in female ICR mice.

Acute Toxicity Assessment of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum L. on Wistar Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Priyanga ◽  
S. Hemmalakshmi ◽  
B. Vidya ◽  
P. Chella Perumal ◽  
V. K. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alian Désiré Afagnigni ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽  
Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe ◽  
Youchahou Njankouo Ndam ◽  
Frédéric Nico Njayou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Assessment of Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) Leaf Extracts Against Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
J.H. Buduwara ◽  
T. Adiel ◽  
R. Sami ◽  
M.L. Tafem
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia

The development of resistance by Culex mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides has necessitated the continued search for alternative ones from plants. This study screened the preliminary qualitative phytochemicals and assessed the larvicidal efficacy of extracts of J. gossypiifolia leaf against third and fourth stage Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The J. gossypiifolia was screened for the presence of phytochemicals using standard methods. After twenty-four (24) hours post exposure of both third and fourth stage C. quinquefasciatus larvae against different concentrations, (2.0mg/ml, 4.0mg/ml, 6.0mg/ml, 8.0mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) of various extracts. It showed that larval mortality increases significantly (p<0.05) with increase in extracts concentration. Acetone leaf extract showed highest mortality at 10mg/ml with 85% third stage Culex larvae mortality, followed by ethanolic leaf extract. However, least mortality was observed in n-Hexane leaf extract with 15% larval mortality against fourth stage Culex larvae. Low LC and LC values (3.715mg/ml and 12.490mg/ml) were noticed in 50 90 acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia. The study observed that the highest LC and LC values (9.104mg/ml and 50 90 22.877mg/ml) were noticed in hexane leaf extracts. Conclusively, acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia can be harnessed to control Culex larvae. However, there is a need to ascertain the quantities of bioactive components of J. gossypiifolia and its toxicity to non-target organisms. Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, Phytochemicals, Culex larvae

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LINDL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Davie Rexon Kamadyaapa ◽  
Mavuto Masopera Gondwe ◽  
Mathulo Shauli ◽  
Constance Sewani Rusike ◽  
Jehu Iputo
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Objective: The study was carried out to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EEJ) using various models of experimental diarrhea.Methods: Antidiarrheal property of EEJ at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal propulsive models of experimental diarrhea in Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 200–250 g. Cytotoxicity test of EEJ was performed using brine shrimp bioassay.Results: Toxicity assay of EEJ showed a lethal concentration value of 1225 μg/ml suggesting non-toxicity. EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bwt) inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea by 38.1%, 76.19%, and 100%, respectively, and enteropooling by 28%, 56%, and 88%, respectively, compared with control. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, α2-adrenoceptor blocker significantly reversed the protective effect of EEJ (400 mg/kg) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and against castor oil-induced enteropooling, suggesting the involvement of α2-adrenoceptors in antidiarrheal property of EEJ. Furthermore, EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dosedependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg/bwt) inhibited gastrointestinal motility by 28%, 62%, and 83.92%, respectively.Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the antidiarrheal potential of ethanolic leaf extract of EEJ, which may be attributable to its dual antisecretory and antimotility activities probably through activation of the sympathetic α2-adrenergic pathway.

Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative activities of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Mitragyna stipulosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Muyiwa Samuel Fageyinbo ◽  
Adamson Olubori Odumeso ◽  
Kunle Rotimi ◽  
Olumuyiwa John Fasipe ◽  
Sunday Oluwafemi Olayemi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract
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