scholarly journals A study on substance abuse among young people (10-24 years) in urban slums of Jorhat, Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 677-684
Author(s):  
Arya Nair Kovilveettil
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
The People

Objective: To find out the substances abused by the people in urban slums and also find factors contributing to it. Also to recommend suggestions based on the study Material and Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study and data was collected using Interviewers Performa after getting approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A sample size of 174 was calculated . Young People (10 to 24yrs) who were willing to participate were included and whose not ready to take part were opted out. Results: It was found that males usually 22 to 24yrs used abusive substances than females. Tobacco was the most common substance abused followed by alcohol and majority had been introduced to the substances by their peers between 17 to 24 yrs. Most people consumed the drug multiple times daily followed by weekly and had procured the drug from local retailers. These substances gave them a sense of hallucination and euphoria on consumption. Among the side effects oral problems like ulcers and malignancy topped the list. Respiratory and gastrointestinal issues along with inability  to concentrate on work were other side effects. Conclusions: Based on the results several recommendations were made especially awareness workshops and camps. These programs mainly stressed upon the necessity to create social awareness among the people and their families about the ill effects of substance abuse. All the results were tabulated.

Assessment of risk factors for substance abuse among adolescents in urban slums of Belagavi - A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Ravikiran Padmakar Kamate ◽  
◽  
Girija Mahantsheeti ◽  
Aditi Dabir ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Defecation practices in residents of urban slums and rural areas of hubballi, Dharwad: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Geeta V. Bathija ◽  
Rana Sarvar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: The unsafe disposal of excreta is a principal cause in the transmission of pathogens within the environment and improvements in excreta management provide significant reductions in diarrhoeal diseases. Objectives of present study are to understand the factors impacting on defecation practices and to study the prevailing defecation practices in adults and children and to assess the knowledge and attitudes with regard to sanitation practices in rural areas and urban slums of Hubballi, Dharwad, Karnataka.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in 3 areas of Hubballi and Rural Areas of Noolvi. A total of 120 households were visited; 55 of urban and 65 rural. The adult member of the household was interviewed about the sanitary practices followed and their knowledge and attitude towards Safe Sanitation and Open Air Defecation was assessed.Results: 64.18% of the households had an independent toilet in their house (87% in urban and 44.6% in rural). Among these, in only 85% households the toilet was used by all members. While in 11 houses some individuals preferred open air defecation. The practice of open air defecation was found in 44.16% of study sample (21% in urban slums and 63% in rural areas). In children, usage of toilets was only 46.5%. 54% children practiced open air defecation (28.8% in urban slums, 80% in rural areas). The usual sites for open air defecation were open fields (77%), alongside gutter (3%) and streets (20%).Conclusions: According to World Health Organisation, open defecation is the “riskiest sanitation practice of all.” Effort from individuals, communities and government is essential to achieve the goal of open defection free India.

scholarly journals Difference in the general medicine in-training examination score between community-based hospitals and university hospitals: a cross-sectional study based on 15,188 Japanese resident physicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Nishizaki ◽  
Keigo Nozawa ◽  
Tomohiro Shinozaki ◽  
Taro Shimizu ◽  
Tomoya Okubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Interview ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Competencies ◽  
Clinical Procedures

Abstract Background The general medicine in-training examination (GM-ITE) is designed to objectively evaluate the postgraduate clinical competencies (PGY) 1 and 2 residents in Japan. Although the total GM-ITE scores tended to be lower in PGY-1 and PGY-2 residents in university hospitals than those in community-based hospitals, the most divergent areas of essential clinical competencies have not yet been revealed. Methods We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study in Japan, using the GM-ITE to compare university and community-based hospitals in the four areas of basic clinical knowledge“. Specifically, “medical interview and professionalism,” “symptomatology and clinical reasoning,” “physical examination and clinical procedures,” and “disease knowledge” were assessed. Results We found no significant difference in “medical interview and professionalism” scores between the community-based and university hospital residents. However, significant differences were found in the remaining three areas. A 1.28-point difference (95% confidence interval: 0.96–1.59) in “physical examination and clinical procedures” in PGY-1 residents was found; this area alone accounts for approximately half of the difference in total score. Conclusions The standardization of junior residency programs and the general clinical education programs in Japan should be promoted and will improve the overall training that our residents receive. This is especially needed in categories where university hospitals have low scores, such as “physical examination and clinical procedures.”

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