scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of the incidence of non-conformity in the quality of drinking water in municipalities in the south of the State of Bahia, Brazil, between 2002 and 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
D. S. Aquino ◽  
J. F. Caldeira ◽  
L. L. Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
The South ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Operational Quality ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Brazilian law ensures that citizens have adequate access to drinking water. Three important indicators of the operational quality of the water supply service are the incidence of samples of drinking water outside the standard of potability for the parameters of residual chlorine, turbidity, and total coliforms, whose values vary from 0% to 100%. This work aimed to analyze the values of the incidence of samples outside the Brazilian potability standard of these three parameters in 70 municipalities in the south of the State of Bahia between 2002 and 2018 and to represent these results spatially. The studied municipalities presented historical averages of incidence of non-conformity that varied between 0.01% and 52.50% for residual chlorine, 0.16% and 100% for turbidity, and 0.00% and 58.33% for total coliforms. Despite the wide variation in these values, the general incidence averages for the entire region were 1.82% for residual chlorine, 3.22% for turbidity, and 1.93% for total coliforms. Some municipalities need to adjust their treatments to decrease the percentage of non-standard samples for the studied parameters in order to supply the population with water that meets the national drinking standard.

Microbial Quality of Water Supply to an Urban Community in Trinidad

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAVAUGHN AGARD ◽  
CORLIS ALEXANDER ◽  
SIMONE GREEN ◽  
MICHAEL JACKSON ◽  
SANJEEV PATEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
The Difference

A microbiological study was conducted to determine the quality of the water supply to an urban community in San Fernando proper in south Trinidad using total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms as indicators of water pollution. The membrane filter technique was used to detect total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms on endo agar and MFc agar, respectively. The residual chlorine levels in water from the reservoir, from standpipes along the distribution line, and from households were determined with a commercial test kit. Of a total of 104 drinking water samples obtained from households, 84 (80.8%), 56 (53.8%), and 70 (67.3%) tested positive for total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and Escherichia coli, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, χ2). Of the 81 water samples collected from the Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA) main supply to households, 38 (46.9%), 13 (16.0%), and 27 (33.3%) were contaminated by total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and E. coli, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05, χ2). Eight (20.5%) of 39 water samples from standpipes along the distribution line tested positive for total coliforms, compared with 4 (10.3%) samples testing positive for thermotolerant coliforms. All five samples of treated water obtained from the reservoir tested negative for coliforms. There was a significant difference (P = 0.004) in the mean residual chlorine levels in water from the reservoir, water from standpipes, and water from households. Similarly, as the level of residual chlorine decreased, there was a statistically significant (P = 0.004) increase in the prevalence of total coliforms in water from 0.0% (treated reservoir water) to 15.2% (standpipe) to 53.5% (household mains) to 80.0% (household drinking water). There was also a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001, χ2) in the prevalence of total coliforms in drinking water and in water from the WASA main supply to households. Of the 105 E. coli strains tested, 7 (6.7%), 16 (15.2%), and 22 (21.0%) were mucoid, hemolytic, and non–sorbitol fermenters, respectively. It was concluded that the high degree of contamination of drinking water in households poses a health hazard to consumers.

Quality assessment of drinking water in the communities of São Francisco do Conde, Baiacu, Santo Amaro and Cachoeira

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEINA MOUTINHO TAVARES ◽  
Anderson Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Moutinho Andrade de Souza ◽  
Walter da Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Total Coliforms

This work aims to evaluate the quality of drinking water in the communities of Baiacu, Sao Francisco do Conde, Santo Amaro and Cachoeira. It was verified that in some places of Santo Amaro and Sao Francisco do Conde, from the microbiological point of view, it is not appropriate for consumption, because it was found that the presence of total coliforms in 50% of the samples and that the chlorine content is below the values indicated by the standards in 75% of the analyzed samples. Thus, the consumption of contaminated water can cause diseases, so it is recommended cleaning of residential reservoirs, maintenance in pipes periodically, as well as the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and the intense participation of public agencies in these actions. Through these actions and the active participation of the population, one can preserve the environment and the lives of all those who transit in the communities of the Bay of All Saints

The Prediction and Evaluation of the Groundwater Quality of Taikang Formation in Tertiary in West of Daqing Oilfield by Using Resistivity Logging Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3538-3541
Author(s):  
Kun Xiao ◽  
Chang Chun Zou ◽  
Biao Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
The South ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Well Location ◽  
Resistivity Logging

In order to research the groundwater quality of the Taikang Formation in Tertiary in west of Daqing Oilfield, resistivity logging data of 140 wells in the study area were analyzed to forecast the groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) distribution of the plane. When the resistivity logging value (Rt) of the Taikang Formation in Tertiary is above 45Ω.m and its corresponding value of Formation water TDS is below 1000 mg/L, the quality of groundwater accords with life standards for drinking. The south area of Hongweixing well area and the east of Xishuiyuan well area, including Ranghulu, Qianjincun, Dulitun and Nanshuiyuan well area are favorable for high quality groundwater. The research provides the evidences to evaluate the groundwater quality in west Daqing Oilfield and determine specific well location, improving the efficiency of exploring the underground drinking water.

scholarly journals Formation of a system of indicators of balanced economic development in the context of globalization: space-time analysis in order to ensure economic security

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Lubov Afanasyeva ◽  
Larisa Belousova ◽  
Tatyana Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Research background: The modern world economy of the 21st century, being innovatively oriented, global and based on the information space, is constantly being modified, focusing on the growth of the level and quality of life of the population by accelerating innovation processes. For the purposes of monitoring the innovation and investment activities of the regions in order to ensure the economic security of Russia, it is necessary to have a system of indicators that reflect the processes of innovative development of its territories as comprehensively as possible. Purpose of the article: Formation of a system of indicators for the balanced development of the region’s economy in the context of globalization: space-time analysis in order to ensure economic security. Methods: Spatio-temporal analysis of the identified indicators of balanced development of the regional economy in order to ensure economic security. Findings & Value added: The proposed system of indicators of economic security of the region and their threshold values can be used in assessing the development forecasts of the regions and the Federal Districts developed by the administration, draft budgets, expertise of the federal target programs, as well as in other elements of the regional economic security management.

scholarly journals African Swine Fever spread across Asia, 2018---2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ward ◽  
Ellen Mighell
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The South ◽  
Start Date ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal

African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing disease in pigs, commonly characterised by acute haemorrhagic fever. Prior to August 2018, African Swine Fever (ASF) had not been reported in Asia, but has since spread throughout China, Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. Using data collated from reports of confirmed cases, we applied spatio-temporal analysis to describe ASFV spread throughout Asia, from 1 August 2018 (reported start date) to 31 December 2019. Analysis revealed a propagating epidemic of ASFV throughout Asia, with peaks corresponding to increased reports from China, Vietnam and Laos. Two clusters of reported outbreaks were found. During the epidemic, ASFV primarily spread from the North-East to the South-East: a larger, secondary cluster in the North-East represented earlier reports, whilst the smaller, primary cluster in the South-East was characterised by later reports. Significant differences in country-specific epidemics, morbidity, mortality and unit types were discovered, likely attributable to differences in prevention, surveillance and control measures. The initial number of outbreaks and enterprise size are likely predictors of the speed of spread and the effectiveness of ASFV stamping out procedures. Biosecurity methods, wild boar populations and the transportation of pigs and movement of infected fomites are discussed as likely risk factors for facilitating ASFV spread across Asia.

scholarly journals Der Norden und der Süden: die Rolle des Staates bei der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Spaltung Italien.

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (98) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Isaia Sales
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Italian History ◽  
The North ◽  
Role Of The State

The dominating role of the state in the failed economic and social integration of the Mezzogiorno into the modern and developed northern part of the country since the creation of the Italian union is analysed. The mutation of the 'southern' to the'northern question' constitutes one of the most recent phenomena in Italian history which threatens the concept of national unity. Therefore, a new contract between the North and the South is necessary to combat the backwardness of the Mezzogiorno. This also requires a new quality of state and not its withdrawal from social life.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Hydropower Projects with Terrestrial Environmentally Sensitive Areas of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant R Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive Areas ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Interaction ◽  
The Hill

Abstract The hydropower project’s construction is increasing that can affect the terrestrial environment. Hydropower projects located in environmentally sensitive areas have higher environmental impacts, so I analyzed the spatio-temporal interaction between hydropower projects’ locations and terrestrial environmentally sensitive areas of Nepal to visualize the probable environmental impacts. I found that most of the existing projects lie on the hill, however, future projects are moving northward. Among the 12 eco-regions of Nepal, hydropower projects are located in 10 eco-regions. Hydropower projects were found to interact with more than half of biodiverse areas of the country (28 out of 45), and more than five thousand megawatts of hydropower projects are located completely inside these biodiverse areas. The study suggests that the interaction between hydropower projects and environmentally sensitive areas might increase in the future. Hydropower projects should avoid environmentally sensitive areas such as biodiverse areas and protected areas as far as possible to minimize the impacts. Rapid hydropower development is a necessity in countries like Nepal, so further studies on the impacts of hydropower projects on environmentally sensitive areas as well as improvement of the quality of the environmental assessment of the projects are necessary for environment-friendly development.

scholarly journals STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE SPRING WATERS OF THE REGION OF OUM TEBOUL WILAYA OF EL TARF- ALGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
SABRINA BOUCHELAGHEM ◽  
SAMIA MOUISSI ◽  
CHAIMA BENZERAA ◽  
ROUMAISSA KHALFOUN
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Drinking Water Standards ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

The present work aims to assess the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the waters of the three sources (Ain Bergougaya, Ain Sigleb and Siporex) in the region of Oum el Teboul wilaya of El Tarf. Parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity and salinity were measured in situ with a field multimeter. Hardness (62 mg/L to 266 mg/L), salinity (0.01 to 1 mg/L). From a microbiological point of view, there has been no evidence of the complete absence of germs of contamination such as total coliforms and fecal coliforms. This study compared to the drinking water standards shows that the waters in the area studied are of good quality.

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