scholarly journals Concordantie en meerwaarde van informant- versus zelfrapportage bij persoonlijkheidsdiagnostiek: een systematische review

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Systematische Review ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Introduction: Both in personality assessment and scientific research, self-report questionnaires are frequently used, yet the use of informant-report is increasing. The aim of this systematic review is to address the concordance and added value of informant- versus self-report in measuring personality pathology in (older) adults. Method: A systematic search has been carried out for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2018, via the databases Scopus, PsychINFO and PubMED. Also the reference lists of included articles have been checked, resulting in an inclusion of 46 studies. Results: The concordance between informant- and self-report appears to be only moderate, but highest when the relationship is characterized by interpersonal intimacy (such as between partners). The concordance between informants is somewhat better than between informant- and self -reports. Informants have an added value over self-report in the context of externalizing personality traits and interpersonal functioning. In addition, they appear to be a better predictor for health, adaptability and professional functioning. Self-report on the other hand captures intrapsychic characteristics more thoroughly. Conclusion: In personality assessment, informant- and self-reports could be complementary. However, empirical research among older adults is almost uncharted territory and deserves more attention.

A psychological pathway from insomnia to depression among older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sadler ◽  
Suzanne McLaren ◽  
Megan Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep

ABSTRACTBackground: Higher levels of insomnia predict greater depression severity among older adults; however, the psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. This study tested a path model that explored whether dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and hopelessness mediated the relationship from insomnia to depression. It was hypothesized that insomnia would predict depression, both directly and indirectly, via dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and hopelessness.Methods: A community sample of 218 independent-living Australian older adults aged from 65 to 96 years completed a self-report questionnaire package. From the initial 218 participants, 171 completed a measure of depression three months later.Results: Path analysis demonstrated that maladaptive sleep beliefs and hopelessness partly explained how insomnia influenced depression, irrespective of the presence of obstructive sleep apnea and/or restless legs syndrome.Conclusions: An older adult's beliefs about sleep and sense of hopelessness were important psychological factors that helped explain how insomnia related to depression.

scholarly journals BROODING MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBROVASCULAR BURDEN AND VASCULAR DEPRESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S877-S878
Author(s):  
Manuel Herrera Legon ◽  
Daniel Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Vascular Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: The vascular depression hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular burden confers risk for late-life depression. Though neuroanatomical correlates of vascular depression (prefrontal white matter hyperintensities) are well established, little is known about cognitive correlates; the identification of which may suggest therapeutic targets. Aims of this study are to examine the hypothesis that the relationship between cerebrovascular burden and depressive symptoms is moderated by brooding, a type of rumination. Method: A sample of 52 community-dwelling, stroke-free, individuals over the age of 70, without history of severe mental illness or dementia completed the Ruminative Responses Scale, and provided self-report (cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol) CVB data. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. Results: Results of a bootstrapped model were that self-reported measures of CVB predicted depressive symptomatology. This relationship was significantly moderated by brooding. Among older adults, those who self-reported high CVB and medium to elevated levels of rumination experienced disproportionately more depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: These findings suggest that brooding rumination may be one correlate of the vascular depression syndrome. Future research should examine neuroanatomical correlates of rumination among older adults, and further explore brooding as a therapeutic target for those with late-life depression.

Convergence of Self-Reports and Informant Reports on the Personality Assessment Screener

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 999-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon E. Kelley ◽  
John F. Edens ◽  
Leslie C. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Informant Report ◽  
Positive Impression Management ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Psychological Difficulties ◽  
Internalizing Distress ◽  
Report Measure

The present study is the first to investigate the Personality Assessment Screener, a brief self-report measure of risk for emotional and behavioral dysfunction, in relation to the informant report version of this instrument, the Personality Assessment Screener–Other. Among a sample of undergraduate roommate dyads ( N = 174), self-report and informant report total scores on the Personality Assessment Screener/Personality Assessment Screener–Other moderately converged ( r = 0.45), with generally greater agreement between perspectives observed for externalizing behaviors compared with internalizing distress. In addition, selves tended to report more psychological difficulties relative to informant ratings ( d = 0.45) with an average absolute discrepancy between sources of 6.31 ( SD = 4.96) out of a possible range of 66. Discrepancies between self-report and informant report were significantly associated with characteristics of the dyadic relationship (e.g., length of acquaintanceship) as well as the severity of self-reported psychological difficulties and positive impression management.

Retrospective Appraisals of Fathers' Effectiveness and Psychological Health of Adults

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-807
Author(s):  
Leslie Brost ◽  
William Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Current Psychological ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Previous research has shown fathers' self-reports of their effectiveness to be positively correlated with their children's psychological health To assess the relationship between adults' retrospective appraisals of fathers' effectiveness and psychological health, 52 adult participants rated their fathers' effectiveness using a modified version of the Seven Secrets Survey and rated their current psychological health on the Personality Assessment Questionnaire. Total scores on the two measures correlated −.37. Three of the six Seven Secrets Survey scales, Knowing your Child, Consistency, and Protecting/Providing, were also correlated with total scores on the Personality Assessment Questionnaire.

scholarly journals Vision Impairment and Participation in Cognitively Stimulating Activities: The Health ABC Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varshini Varadaraj ◽  
Beatriz Munoz ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Bonnielin K Swenor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Longitudinal Models ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stereo Acuity

Abstract Background Engagement in cognitively stimulating activities is associated with decreased rates of cognitive decline in older adults. However, most cognitively stimulating tasks require good vision, potentially affecting the ability of visually impaired adults to engage in these activities. We examined the relationship between vision and participation in cognitively stimulating activities. Method Data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (1999–2005) were analyzed. Associations between visual function (visual acuity [VA], contrast sensitivity [CS], and stereo acuity [SA] impairments) and annual rates of change in number of cognitively stimulating activities (by self-report) performed at least once a month were examined. Results Analyses included 924 participants aged 75.2 ± 2.8 years. At baseline, impaired CS (27%) and SA (29%) were associated with participation in fewer cognitive activities (β = −0.33, 95% CI = −0.63, −0.03 and β = −0.32, 95% CI = −0.61, −0.03, respectively), while VA (8%) was not (β = −0.34, 95% CI = −0.81, 0.13). In longitudinal models, groups with and without VA, CS, and SA impairments exhibited declines in monthly cognitive activities over time. Annual rates of decline were relatively higher in the VA (β = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.26, −0.05) and CS (β = −0.14, 95% CI = −0.19, −0.09) impaired groups than observed in the respective unimpaired groups (no VA: β = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.15, −0.10; no CS: β = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.15, −0.09), but did not achieve statistical significance. Stereo acuity (β = −0.13, 95% CI = −0.17, −0.09) and no SA (β = −0.13, 95% CI = −0.16, −0.10) groups had similar rates of decline. Conclusions Visually impaired older adults participate in fewer cognitive activities and although participation decline is similar to the non-impaired, lower overall participation indicates a need to identify cognitively stimulating activities accessible to visually impaired older adults.

scholarly journals A-179 The Relationship Between Self-Rated Everyday Memory and Cognitive Status Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-974
Author(s):  
Vasquez M ◽  
Helphrey J ◽  
Sandlin A ◽  
Bennett-Leleux L ◽  
Donnell R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
Everyday Cognition ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Mini Mental Status Exam ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Neuropsychologists often supplement performance-based measures of cognition with self-report questionnaires. One questionnaire—the Measurement of Everyday Cognition (ECog)—has shown promise in differentiating between impaired and non-impaired populations; however, little research has been done specifically on the memory items from the shortened version: the ECog-12. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the Ecog-12 Memory subscale can predict actual cognitive function as measured by a performance-based screening test. Method Older adults (ages 55–90; n = 74) completed the ECog-12 and were administered the Mini-Mental Status Exam—2nd Edition (MMSE-2), with scores dichotomized into normal function and impaired function. Results Binary logistic regression found that the ECog-12 Memory subscale items explained between 57% and 87% of variance in normal/impaired MMSE-2 scores and accurately classified 79.7% of cases. Conclusion Brief self-report measures of everyday memory functioning are sensitive to cognitive decline among older adults.

Assessing the Physical Activity Readiness of Inactive Older Adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Cardinal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Activity Indices

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between inactive older adults’ physical activity readiness (based on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire [PARQ]) and several biometric, demographic, and physical activity indices. Participants were 181 (91 female, 90 male) inactive 60- to 89-year-old adults (M age = 70.2 ± 6.6 yr.). Self-report measures were completed and body mass index (BMI) and VO2max were estimated. BMI, weight, and VO2max were significantly associated with physical activity readiness. There was no significant association among 10-year age cohort and physical activity readiness. The blood pressure question excluded the largest number of participants (42%). Overall, 45.3% of the participants appeared to be healthy enough to begin a low to moderate physical activity program. Preliminary evidence suggests the PARQ may be a useful method of identifying older adults for whom low to moderate physical activity participation is safe.

Self-Reported Smoking and Measurement of Expired Air Carbon Monoxide in a Clinical Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisardo Becoña ◽  
Fernando L. Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Program ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Expired Air

In this study was evaluated the relationship between self-reported smoking rate and expired air carbon monoxide in 208 smokers who had attended a behavioral program for smoking cessation. A close relationship between carbon monoxide levels and self-reports was found at the end of treatment and in all follow-ups (6 and 12 mo.), around 100% concordance. Thus, support was found for the use of an expired air carbon monoxide measure as a valid and easy way of corroborating self-report data when required.

Levels of Personality Functioning Scale Self-Report Validation Journal of Personality Assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Evan Good ◽  
Leslie C. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Single Dimension ◽  
General Manner ◽  
Wide Range

Validation of the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale - Self-Report. Results suggest that the measure has a robust single dimension and that it correlates in a very general manner with a wide range of maladaptive personality variables, consistent with its purpose as a measure of non-specific personality pathology.

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