RESULTS OF EVALUATION OF ORAL DYSBIOSIS AFTER ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT WITH REMOVABLE DENTURES

Author(s):  
Жанна Владимировна Вечеркина ◽  
Наталья Александровна Шалимова ◽  
Алина Александровна Смолина ◽  
Татьяна Павловна Калиниченко ◽  
Николай Валерьевич Морозов

В статье представлен анализ состояния и микробиоциноза слизистой протезного ложа под базисом съемной конструкции зубного протеза. Полость рта человека является индивидуальной экологической системой для разных микроорганизмов, которые формируют постоянную микрофлору. Нормальная микрофлора представляет собой главный критерий здорового состояния ротовой полости и указывает на патологические изменения, определяющие развитие стоматологических заболеваний твердых тканей зубов, тканей пародонта, слизистой оболочки и т.д. и влияния их на развитие патологических процессов. Видовое постоянство оральной микрофлоры включает представителей разных микроорганизмов. Превалируют бактерии анаэробного типа дыхания - стрептококк, лактобациллы, бактероиды, фузобактерии, вейллонеллы и актиномицеты. Кроме перечисленных представителей, встречаются определенного рода спирохеты, микоплазмы и разнообразные простейшие. Бактерии непостоянной микрофлоры полости рта выявляются, в большинстве случаев, в малых количествах и в небольшой промежуток времени. Долгому нахождению и деятельности их в полости рта мешают местные неспецифические факторы защиты - лизоцим слюны, фагоциты, постоянно находящиеся в полости рта лактобациллы и стрептококки, служащие антагонистами некоторых непостоянных обитателей микрофлоры полости рта. К непостоянным микроорганизмам ротовой полости относятся эшерихии, имеющая высокую ферментативную активность, аэробактерии, выступающие сильнейшим антагонистом молочнокислой флоры полости рта; протей, быстро колонизирующие при гнойных и некротических процессах в полости рта устойчивые ко многим антибиотикам и вызывающие гнойные процессы во рту клебсиеллы. При изменении обычного состояния полости рта бактерии непостоянной флоры могут задерживаться в ней и увеличиваться в численности и привести к дисбиозу полости рта, возникновение которого зависит от особенностей слюноотделения, консистенции и характера пищи, характера жевания и глотания, а также от гигиенического состояния твердых и мягких тканей, стоматологической культуры, наличия соматических заболеваний и ортопедических зубных протезов. Последний фактор стал предметом настоящего исследования. Микроорганизмы поступают в полость рта с водой, продуктами питания, с потоком воздуха, при наложении съемных зубных протезов. Рельеф в полости рта, инородная поверхность базиса зубных протезов, в которых остаются слущенный эпителий, остатки пищи, слюна, только благоприятствуют агрессивному размножению микроорганизмов патогенной и условно патогенной флоры. Сильные трансформации состава и функций микрофлоры, вызванные понижением реактивности организма, СОПР и многими лечебными мероприятиями, в том числе протезирование приводят к дисбиотическим сдвигам, ставящих под угрозу качество стоматологического здоровья и эффективность проводимого лечения The article presents the analysis of the status and microbiocenosis of the mucous prosthetic bed under the design basis removable dental prosthesis. The human oral cavity is an individual ecological system for different microorganisms that form a permanent microflora. Normal microflora is the main criterion for the healthy state of the oral cavity and indicates pathological changes that determine the development of dental diseases of the hard tissues of the teeth, periodontal tissues, mucous membrane, etc.and their influence on the development of pathological processes. The species constancy of the oral microflora is very stable and includes representatives of various microorganisms. Anaerobic respiration bacteria - Streptococcus, lactobacilli, Bacteroides, fusobacteria, veillonella and actinomycetes-predominate. In addition to these representatives, there are a certain kind of spirochetes, mycoplasmas and a variety of protozoa. Bacteria of the unstable microflora of the oral cavity are detected, in most cases, in small quantities and in a short period of time. Their long presence and activity in the oral cavity are hindered by local non-specific protection factors - saliva lysozyme, phagocytes, lactobacilli and streptococci that are constantly present in the oral cavity, which serve as antagonists of some non-permanent inhabitants of the oral microflora. Non-permanent microorganisms of the oral cavity include Escherichia, which has a high enzymatic activity, and aerobacteria, which act as the strongest antagonist of the lactic acid flora of the oral cavity; Proteus, rapidly colonizing with purulent and necrotic processes in the oral cavity resistant to many antibiotics and causing purulent processes in the mouth Klebsiella. When the normal state of the oral cavity changes, bacteria of unstable flora can linger in it and increase in number and lead to dysbiosis of the oral cavity. The occurrence of which depends on the characteristics of salivation, the consistency and nature of food, the nature of chewing and swallowing, as well as on the hygienic state of hard and soft tissues, dental culture, the presence of somatic diseases and orthopedic dentures. The latter factor was the subject of this study. Microorganisms enter the oral cavity with water, food, with the flow of air, when applying removable dentures. The relief in the oral cavity, the foreign surface of the basis of dentures, in which there are sloughed epithelium, food residues, saliva, only favor the aggressive reproduction of microorganisms of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic flora. Strong transformations of the composition and functions of the microflora caused by a decrease in the reactivity of the body, SOPR and many therapeutic measures, including prosthetics, lead to dysbiotic shifts that threaten the quality of dental health and the effectiveness of the treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
P. Mazur ◽  
I. M. Suprunovych

Gingival recession is a common clinical condition in the dental practice, which is characterized by the root surface exposure due to the apical displacement of the marginal gingival tissues. Since the teeth' root surfaces become open to the environment of the oral cavity, the consequences of gingival recession are a disturbance of aesthetics (mainly when they occur in the frontal area), the development of hypersensitivity root caries, and non-carious cervical lesions. Despite the numerous studies carried out, the exact mechanism of the development of gingival recession is not fully understood, and it is generally accepted that it has a multifactorial etiology. Gingival recession can occur directly due to an infectious and inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, anatomical features, as a result of the effect of mechanical or iatrogenic factors on soft tissues, or their action in combination with each other. The prevalence of gingival recessions worldwide varies from 22 to 100% and mainly depends on age, the size of the studied population, diagnostic criteria, and statistical data processing methods.  The aim was to determine the influence of age on the prevalence of gingival recession in patients with periodontitis.  Materials and methods. One hundred thirty-three patients with periodontitis aged 29 to 59 years were included in the study and divided into four groups according to their age: 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years. Inclusion criteria were the presence of periodontitis, age over 20 years, and the presence of more than 20 teeth in the oral cavity.  Participants were interviewed about demographic data, smoking status, and oral hygiene skills. All patients underwent a clinical examination using the clinical and instrumental program Florida Probe system. Gingival recession was recorded in the presence of root surface exposure of 1 mm or more. According to the size of the exposed surfaces of the tooth roots, three degrees of severity of gingival recession were assessed: mild gingival recession (less than 3 mm), moderate gingival recession (3 to 4 mm), severe gingival recession (5 mm or more). The severity of gingival recession was estimated in mm as the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the gingival margin. Subsequently, the gingival recession was classified using the Miller recession classification [7]. Results of the studies and their discussion. The study results showed that a high prevalence of gingival recession was found in patients with periodontitis in the Ukrainian population. Exposure of the surface of the teeth' roots by 1 mm or more was present in around 2233 teeth, which corresponds to 65.86 (61.4-70.3)% of all examined teeth. The average number of teeth with the gingival recession increases with age: in those aged 20-29, the gingival recession was present in 42,86% of the teeth, in patients 30-39 years of age, the gingival recession was present in around 59,59% of the teeth, in patients 40-49 years of age the gingival recession was present in around 70,49% of the teeth, in those, older than 50 years, the gingival recession was present in around 82.72% of the teeth. Incisors and first molars were the most affected teeth by the gingival recession. In patients with periodontitis, the gingival recession of mild degree (up to 3 mm) was determined around 44.01 (40.8-47.2) % of teeth, the gingival recession of moderate degree (from 3 to 4 mm) – around 17.41 (14.3-20.5) % of teeth, the gingival recession of severe degree (5 mm or more) – around 4.42 (2.7-6.2)% of teeth. The severity of recession in patients of different age groups was determined: the gingival recession's severity increases with age. The average severity of gingival recession (the length from the cemento-enamel junction to the gingival margin) was determined in patients of different age groups: in the group of 20 years old, it was 0.28 ± 0.28 (M ± SD) mm, in the group of 30 years old – 0.43 ± 0.37 (M±SD) mm, in the group of 40 years old – 0.78 ± 0.70 (M ± SD) mm, in the group of 50 years old – 1.20 ± 0.70 (M±SD) mm. According to the Millers classification, Class III of the gingival recession was more common in age groups I and II, Class IV of gingival recession, which have an unfavourable prognosis of treatment, were more often manifested in older patients age groups.


Author(s):  
S. N Puzin ◽  
I. V Pryanikov ◽  
N. B. Vanchenko ◽  
K. G Karakov ◽  
M. A Shurgaya

A healthy smile is one of the main components of a person’s attractiveness, which makes it possible to improve the quality of communication with others in a personal and social aspect. Dental health depends on the state of the periodontal complex. The vast majority of people of different ages suffer from periodontal disease and seek dental care. The significant prevalence, the adverse effect of foci of periodontal infection on the body, the large loss of teeth cause both medical and social significance of this problem. In this regard, the tasks for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues are determined before the dentist. The treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis is a complex and lengthy process that requires a comprehensive approach from the dentist, finding new remedies and methods of treatment. The article presents the results of the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity using the drug “Galavit”. After the course of treatment, the index indicators reflected the achievement of positive dynamics. The content of the total aerobic and anaerobic microflora of the periodontal pockets was eliminated 1.5 - 2 times. In the comparison group in the dynamics of treatment to the end of therapy, there was a decrease in the number of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms to etiologically significant indicators. The results of the study indicate the superiority of the use of complex therapeutic measures with the use of the drug “Galavit” over the traditional treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity. It is proposed for practicing dentists to use the drug in question in a complex scheme for the treatment of periodontal tissue diseases, since this drug has shown its high clinical efficacy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 034-039
Author(s):  
Mithra N Hegde ◽  

AbstractMicroorganisms being an integral part of human body colonise various sites, with oral cavity being one of the most densely populated environment. Within the oral cavity there are varying environment, properties of which determines the type of microbes colonising the site, while the metabolic activities of these microorganisms later on modifies the environmental properties. These microorganisms when in equilibrium confer health benefit however any alteration in the flora allows the pathogenic bacteria to outgrow in numbers and cause oral disease. Such alteration could be due to various factors. The present review article focuses on the various aspects of oral microbial flora, their role in the body, dysbiosis and factors influencing along with the reestablishment of normal healthy microbiome. A search was made on pubmed and scopus using keywords and 25 relevant articles published during 2000 to 2018 along with their references were included in the study.With increasing knowledge of human microbiome, attempts are made to limit the alteration in oral ecosystem or re-establish the normal healthy flora as a part of prevention or treatment of diseases. This brings about change in approach which initially focused on elimination of microbes to maintaining their equilibrium.


Author(s):  
Tamar Shishniashvili, Ana Zubadalashvili, Tamar Suladze Tamar Shishniashvili, Ana Zubadalashvili, Tamar Suladze ◽  
Rusudan Kvanchakhadze, Natalia Manjavidze Rusudan Kvanchakhadze, Natalia Manjavidze

Pregnancy is a critical period for a woman's dental health and is characterized by changes in the level and structure of oral diseases. The course of pregnancy is a significant psycho-emotional, immunological and metabolic burden for the female body. Complex psycho-physiological changes in the body during pregnancy are accompanied by pronounced disorders of the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of periodontal tissue damage during pregnancy and to identify the peculiarities of different methods of prophylactic and therapeutic and preventive measures. A comprehensive dental study was conducted in 170 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years according to the WHO methodology. The results of the study indicate a significant prevalence (according to the PMA index) of periodontal pathology among pregnant women,the severity of which increases with age and gestational age (from 41.7% to 78.8%). The severity of disease (according to the CPITN index) was clinically characterized by bleeding gums (45.56%), dental plaque and calculus (30.55%), and periodontal pockets (13.57%). The highest incidence of inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues occurs in the second trimester, and the critical increase - in the third trimester, indicating the need for a differentiated approach in choosing the timing of preventive examinations of pregnant women and developing differentiated treatment and preventive programs based on the prevailing dental pathologies. Keywords: Pregnancy, periodontal pathology, dental status


2018 ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Petrushanko ◽  
N.N. Ilenko

In the structure of modern diseases, there are 50-75% of psychosomatic diseases. To understand the role of the emotional factor in the onset and progression of somatic disorders, as well as the opposite process – the emergence of psychological and emotional disorders as a response to an acute or chronic disease of internal organs – acquires a particular importance and relevance at the present stage of the causality of the disease. Individual features of the response of the human body to social, biological factors have common mechanisms of combined damage to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and periodontal tissue. The severity of the damage to these organs and tissues is also determined by the psychological characteristics of individuals. These points are important not only for understanding the causality of the combined pathology of the periodontal and oral mucosa, but also for choosing the optimal tactics for treating such dental patients. The aim of the work was to analyze the role of psychosomatic correlations in the occurrence and development of the combined pathology of the periodontal and oral mucosa, determining the tactics of their treatment. 32 patients were involved in the examination with pathological changes of periodontal and oral mucosa. The essential role of the emotional component in the genesis of diseases was confirmed. Taking into account the psychosomatic nature of the pathology in the experimental group of patients, recommendations were given on diet therapy, psychotherapy, autogenic training. General medical treatment for internists and dentists was maximally individualized, taking into account the psychological characteristics of the response to the disease, differentiated according to the nature of the existing diseases, severity, pathology. After 6 months of follow-up, a stable, reliable positive clinical result was obtained in all patients in the experimental group and in 64% in the control group. Accounting for the state of psychosomatic relationships in the mechanisms of origin, development, treatment of diseases is extremely important. This approach in the supervision of dental patients who have combined changes in periodontal tissues, the oral mucosa allows achieving positive results of treatment, both in relation to the condition of the oral cavity, and for the body as a whole.


2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
N A Vasil’eva ◽  
A I Bulgakova ◽  
E S Soldatova

Aim. Evaluation of dental status in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Methods. The study of dental status was performed with the use of clinical and historical data from 269 patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases at the age of 18-65 years. Among examined patients there were 75 (27.9%) people with gingivitis, 54 (20.1%) with mild periodontitis, 66 (24.5%) with moderate and 74 (27.5%) with severe periodontitis. Control group consisted of practically healthy donors at the age of 18-52 years (40 people) with sanitized oral cavity. Results. From history and interviewing it was found that 72% of the surveyed patients brush their teeth twice a day, 24% - once a day and 4% of patients do not brush their teeth. Family history of periodontal diseases among parents was recorded by 86% of participants. Dental status was characterized by the increase of the values of all dental indices with increasing disease severity regardless of gender. Need for correction of the depth of the vestibule, lips, cords, and bridles was identified in 51.7% of cases in patients with gingivitis and in 96.6% of cases of periodontal diseases. With increasing severity of periodontitis index (sum) of teeth with decay and fillings and removed teeth was increased by 1.5 times in gingivitis, by 2.2 times in mild periodontitis, by 2.6 times in moderate and by 2.9 times in severe periodontitis compared to control group. Partial adentia in gingivitis is 3 times more prevalent in males than in females and in severe periodontitis is 1.6 times more prevalent in females than in males. Conclusion. Dental status of the patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases was characterized by increased values of all dental indices compared to control group that demonstrates typical course of inflammatory periodontal diseases and decrease of local immunologic resistance of oral cavity and the organism in total; timely correction of local factors (local trauma), anatomical and topographical features of dentofacial system and status of oral soft tissues allows prevention of pathologic processes in periodontal tissues.


Author(s):  
TAMAR SHISHNIASHVILI ◽  
ANA ZUBADALASHVILI ◽  
TAMAR SULADZE ◽  
RUSUDAN KVANCHAKHADZE

As a result of the continuing changes in the condition of tissues and organs of the dental cavity and the body as a whole, there is a rise in the intensity of tooth decay and periodontal diseases with the onset of pregnancy. The aim of our research was to look into the prevalence and severity of pathology in the hard tissues of teeth and periodontal tissues during pregnancy, as well as to figure out how to better organize therapeutic and prophylactic steps for pregnant women. A comprehensive epidemiological study of 170 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 living in Tbilisi was carried out according to the WHO method. The findings show a high prevalence of dental cavity (from 61 percent to 98.8%) and a high severity of dental caries among pregnant women (from 2.55 1.03 to 14.31 5.44). The intensity of caries indicators increased as the gestational stage lengthened, but the greatest increase was observed in the second trimester of pregnancy. The results indicate a substantial prevalence of periodontal pathology (according to the PMA index) among pregnant women, with the level of pathology increasing with their age and gestational age (from 41.7 percent to 78.8 percent). By the end of the second trimester of pregnancy, the most noticeable improvements in periodontal tissues had been observed. Oral hygiene played a big role in determining the presence and incidence of periodontal disease. Low dental health indicators and worsening dental status during pregnancy point to the need for a more comprehensive diagnosis of all risk factors for major dental diseases, as well as the implementation of all stages of therapeutic and prophylactic interventions during pregnancy, based on the findings of a complete dental examination.


Author(s):  
Tedi Purnama ◽  

Maintenance of dental and oral health is very important during the Covid-19 pandemic because the oral cavity is the gateway for disease germs to enter, therefore it is important for everyone to maintain oral hygiene and health. The goal is to avoid the possibility of damage and disturbance to the teeth and all soft tissues in the oral cavity. Covid-19 is a disease caused by a type of corona virus that attacks the respiratory system, so you are required to wear a mask to protect your nose and mouth. Indonesia is one of the countries exposed to Covid-19.


Author(s):  
E.D. Kostrigina ◽  
K.I. Тarasenko ◽  
Ya.S. Shinkina ◽  
E.A. Mitryahina ◽  
O.S. Banketova ◽  
...  

This article is a review of the work of domestic and foreign authors on the effect of smoking on periodontal tissues, the mechanism of action of nicotine on the microvasculature, hygiene and soft tissues of the oral cavity. A modern diagnostic method using the Florida Probe computer system is considered. A treatment plan is proposed for patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases, the etiological factor of which is exposure to nicotine.This article is a review of the work of domestic and foreign authors on the effect of smoking on periodontal tissues, the mechanism of action of nicotine on the microvasculature, hygiene and soft tissues of the oral cavity. A modern diagnostic method using the Florida Probe computer system is considered. A treatment plan is proposed for patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases, the etiological factor of which is exposure to nicotine.


Author(s):  
I. M Makeeva ◽  
A. Yu Turkina ◽  
Zagidat Sirazhutdinovna Budaychieva ◽  
E. G Margaryan

In the prevention oforal diseases, dental hygienic status, proper oral hygiene, the proper choice ofmeans and methodsfor performing hygienic dental activities are essential. However, even among future doctors, the hygienic state of the oral cavity leaves much to be desired. Basic knowledge of oral hygiene and the principles ofprevention ofdental diseases are necessary for physicians of various specialties, since there is often a relationship between dental diseases and diseases of other organs and systems of the body. The article gives an assessment of the hygienic status of students of different courses and identifies the sources that they use to gain knowledge on oral care.


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