THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION MODEL OF ESTIMATION OF RISK DYNAMICS OF MASS NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF CHILDREN CAUSED BY EXPOSURE TO LOCAL FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENT

This report presents the concept of an information model for assessing the dynamics of the risk of mass non-infectious diseases of children, caused by the impact of local habitat factors, formed using an epidemiological study of the children of the Irkutsk region.

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THE DYNAMICS OF THE RISK OF THE MORBIDITY AND THE ADAPTATION PROCESS AS INDICES OF THE IMPACT OF LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE POPULATION

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-2-124-131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 124-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. M. Prusakov ◽

Aleksandra V. Prusakova

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Absolute Magnitude ◽

The Body ◽

Adaptation Process ◽

Disease Dynamics ◽

Local Factors ◽

The Impact

There were studied: The role of the disease dynamics at the background area in the formation of the risk for childhood morbidity in the study area; the value of indices of the long-term wavelike risk dynamics and the corresponding adaptation process for the identification and classification of mass non-infectious diseases. The waviness dynamics of the children morbidity risk is caused by the wave-like nature of the disease dynamics in the study and background areas. The disease risk level is formed not only by differences in the incidence rates of the background and study areas but also from differences in phases of high and low non-specific resistance of children contingent in these territories. The different character of the dynamics of the risk for the disease and related waviness of the adaptation process among children reflects the existence of differences in exposure to characteristics of local environmental factors in each territory. The average risk of disease, around which there are carried out annual fluctuations risks and phase states of the adaptation process, and the corresponding levels of reactivity and resistance of the body are the result of the absolute magnitude of the impact of local factors on the study area. The average relative risk of the morbidity, around which there are carried out annual fluctuations risks and phase states of the adaptation process is an integral index of the level of mass non-infectious diseases and the degree of severity of the medical and environmental situation, the level of reactivity and work mismatch of the body subsystems of children and the degree of their intensity. This is the measure of the absolute magnitude of the impact of local factors. The waviness to the development of states of high and low resistance is both always an index of antistress activation responses (or non-specifically high resistance state) and relative to the average force of impact factors (for the observed reactivity level). On the basis of the accounting for the level of the risk, there is suggested the classification of infectious diseases, including 1) the background or relatively satisfactory morbidity, 2) mass morbidity with the increased risk, 3) mass incidence of the high-risk, and 4) a mass incidence of the very high risk.

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Awareness of symptomatic differences Covid-19, SARS, Swine Flu, Common cold among dental students

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 1026-1033

Author(s):

Nivedha Valliammai Mahalingam ◽

Abilasha R ◽

Kavitha S

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Common Cold ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

Dental Students ◽

Swine Flu ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, Swine Flu in the past. Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. The aim of the current study is to assess the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu and common cold among dental students that support the prevention of emergence or re-emergence. Cross-sectional type of study conducted among the undergraduate students comprising 100 Subjects. A questionnaire comprising 15 questions in total were framed, and responses were collected in Google forms in SPSS Software statistical analysis. The study has concluded that dental students have an awareness of the symptomatic differences between infectious viral disease. The study concluded that the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu, Common cold is good among the dental students who would pave the way for early diagnosis and avoid spreading of such diseases. A further awareness can be created by regular webinars, seminars and brainstorming sessions among these healthcare professionals.

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Hoe tweederangs zijn lokale verkiezingen? Een analyse van de Nederlandse gemeenteraadsverkiezingen van 2010 en 1998 vanuit het perspectief van second-order elections. (Municipal Elections as Second-Order Elections. Assessing the Impact of National and Local Factors on the Vote-Shares for Parties in the Dutch Muncipal Elections of 1998 and 2010.)

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2404916 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Herman Lelieveldt ◽

Ramon Van der Does

Keyword(s):

Second Order ◽

Municipal Elections ◽

Local Factors ◽

The Impact

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Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes after Introduction of a Dedicated Infectious Diseases- Critical Care Medicine Service in Critical Care Units

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab182 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Polina Trachuk ◽

Vagish Hemmige ◽

Ruth Eisenberg ◽

Kelsie Cowman ◽

Victor Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Critical Care Medicine ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Intervention Period ◽

Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ◽

Antibiotic Utilization ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective Infection is a leading cause of admission to intensive care units (ICU), with critically ill patients often receiving empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. Nevertheless, a dedicated infectious diseases (ID) consultation and stewardship team is not routinely established. An ID-Critical Care Medicine (ID-CCM) pilot program was designed at a 400-bed tertiary care hospital in which an ID attending was assigned to participate in daily rounds with the ICU team, as well as provide ID consultation on select patients. We sought to evaluate the impact of this dedicated ID program on antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to the ICU. Method In this single site retrospective study, we analyzed antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to an ICU during post-intervention period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 and compared it to antibiotic utilization in the same ICUs during the pre-intervention period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. Results Our data showed a statistically significant reduction in usage of most frequently prescribed antibiotics including vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime during the intervention period. When compared to pre-intervention period there was no difference in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay and re-admission. Conclusion With this multidisciplinary intervention, we saw a decrease in the use of the most frequently prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics without a negative impact on clinical outcomes. Our study shows that the implementation of an ID-CCM service is a feasible way to promote antibiotic stewardship in the ICU and can be used as a strategy to reduce unnecessary patient exposure to broad-spectrum agents.

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The impact of infectious diseases consultation on the management and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia in adults: a retrospective cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06372-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fabian Chiong ◽

Mohammed S. Wasef ◽

Kwee Chin Liew ◽

Raquel Cowan ◽

Danny Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Source Control ◽

First Episode ◽

Oral Antibiotic ◽

Genotypic Analysis ◽

Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽

Staphylococcal Aureus ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia (PAB) is associated with high mortality. The benefits of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) has been demonstrated in Staphylococcal aureus bacteraemia and other complex infections. Impact of IDC in PAB is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of IDC on the management and outcomes in patients with PAB. Methods This is a retrospective cohort single-centre study from 1 November 2006 to 29 May 2019, in all adult patients admitted with first episode of PAB. Data collected included demographics, clinical management and outcomes for PAB and whether IDC occurred. In addition, 29 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) stored isolates were available for Illumina whole genome sequencing to investigate if pathogen factors contributed to the mortality. Results A total of 128 cases of PAB were identified, 71% received IDC. Patients who received IDC were less likely to receive inappropriate duration of antibiotic therapy (4.4%; vs 67.6%; p < 0.01), more likely to be de-escalated to oral antibiotic in a timely manner (87.9% vs 40.5%; p < 0.01), undergo removal of infected catheter (27.5% vs 13.5%; p = 0.049) and undergo surgical intervention (20.9% vs 5.4%, p = 0.023) for source control. The overall 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 24.2% and was significantly higher in the no IDC group in both unadjusted (56.8% vs 11.0%, odds ratio [OR] = 10.63, p < 0.001) and adjusted analysis (adjusted OR = 7.84; 95% confidence interval, 2.95–20.86). The genotypic analysis did not reveal any PA genetic features associated with increased mortality between IDC versus no IDC groups. Conclusion Patients who received IDC for PAB had lower 30-day mortality, better source control and management was more compliant with guidelines. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine if these results can be validated in other settings.

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Threshold Effects of Infectious Disease Outbreaks on Livestock Prices: Cases of African Swine Fever and Avian Influenza in South Korea

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5114

Author(s):

Hyung-Chul Rah ◽

Hyeon-Woong Kim ◽

Aziz Nasridinov ◽

Wan-Sup Cho ◽

Seo-Hwa Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

African Swine Fever ◽

Threshold Effect ◽

Impact Response ◽

Threshold Effects ◽

Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽

Retail Prices ◽

The Impact

In this paper we demonstrate the threshold effects of infectious diseases on livestock prices. Daily retail prices of pork and chicken were used as structured data; news and SNS mentions of African Swine Fever (ASF) and Avian Influenza (AI) were used as unstructured data. Models were tested for the threshold effects of disease-related news and SNS frequencies, specifically those related to ASF and AI, on the retail prices of pork and chicken, respectively. The effects were found to exist, and the values of ASF-related news on pork prices were estimated to be −9 and 8, indicating that the threshold autoregressive (TAR) model can be divided into three regimes. The coefficients of the ASF-related SNS frequencies on pork prices were 1.1666, 0.2663 and −0.1035 for regimes 1, 2 and 3, respectively, suggesting that pork prices increased by 1.1666 Korean won in regime 1 when ASF-related SNS frequencies increased. To promote pork consumption by SNS posts, the required SNS frequencies were estimated to have impacts as great as one standard deviation in the pork price. These values were 247.057, 1309.158 and 2817.266 for regimes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The impact response periods for pork prices were estimated to last 48, 6, and 8 days for regimes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. When the prediction accuracies of the TAR and autoregressive (AR) models with regard to pork prices were compared for the root mean square error, the prediction accuracy of the TAR model was found to be slightly better than that of the AR. When the threshold effect of AI-related news on chicken prices was tested, a linear relationship appeared without a threshold effect. These findings suggest that when infectious diseases such as ASF occur for the first time, the impact on livestock prices is significant, as indicated by the threshold effect and the long impact response period. Our findings also suggest that the impact on livestock prices is not remarkable when infectious diseases occur multiple times, as in the case of AI. To date, this study is the first to suggest the use of SNS to promote meat consumption.

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An Overview of the Draft of ‘Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Management Act’

Volume 1: Low/Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Management; Spent Fuel, Fissile Material, Transuranic and High-Level Radioactive Waste Management ◽

10.1115/icem2013-96250 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Huan Lin ◽

Tai-Wei Lan ◽

Min-Tsang Chang ◽

Wuu-Kune Cheng

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Waste Management ◽

Public Involvement ◽

Nuclear Materials ◽

Regulatory Body ◽

Nuclear Facilities ◽

Radioactive Waste Management ◽

Regulatory Capacity ◽

Concept Of Information ◽

The Impact

The “Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Management Act” (NMRWMA) in Taiwan has been in use since 2002. To promote further administrative efficiency and improve regulatory capacity, an amendment of the act has been initiated by the Atomic Energy Council (AEC). It is now being reviewed by outside experts and related communities so as to include the best understanding of risk management factors. For the future decommissioning challenges of nuclear facilities, the act is also being amended to comply with the regulatory requirements of the decommissioning mandates. Currently the Taiwan government is conducting government reorganization, and AEC will be reformed but will remain as an independent regulatory body. AEC will then be capable of improving the regulatory capacity for facilitating licensing and inspection, ensuring operational safety, environmental protection and public involvement, and giving a more flexible administrative discretion, such as expending the margin of penalty. The amendment is also required to provide a formal legal basis for the Nuclear Backend Fund, and to mandate the waste producers to take responsibility for any final debt repayment. In addition, this amendment promotes measures to prevent accidents or emergencies concerning radioactive materials and facilities and procedures to reduce the impact and effect of any unexpected events. Furthermore, this amendment intends to implement the concept of information transparency and public participation so as to meet the public needs. Finally, radioactive waste final disposal tasks have to be completed by waste producers under the supervision of the AEC.

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