scholarly journals The Polish Book Market Considerations and Reflections

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-174
Author(s):  
Jerzy Leszek Okuniewski
Keyword(s):  
Global Trade ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Fixed Price ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Form ◽  
Trade Market

Thesis / Purpose of the article ‒ Books are (still?) one of the most important transmitters of thoughts and knowledge in time and space, and they provide a very important form of bond and communication among societies. In the economic dimension throughout the world and in individual countries, books have been marginal for hundreds of years. The global book market accounts for just over 0.5% of the global trade market, with an estimated annual value of USD 26-28 trillion. In Poland, this indicator is slightly higher, but still marginal. Methods – the author’s own experience, observations, and tracking of what is happening on the book market have allowed for capturing the most important trends. Conclusions ‒ The importance of the book and the role of reading are unquestioned. The book market is struggling with many problems (lack of a fixed price for a book, laws regarding books, a drop in sales, readership, diminishing importance of bookstores, etc.), which have additionally been aggravated by the pandemic.

scholarly journals Diversity Management and the Role of Leader

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Ummeh Habiba Faria Benteh Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
The Future ◽  
Diversity In The Workplace ◽  
Trade Market

AbstractThe paper’s intention is to provide the correspondence of the globalization and the diversity in the management in this current trade era. The aim of the article is to understand the leader’s role in diversity management which is rapidly changing the global trade market more clearly. Globalization has a very big influence on the diversity management these days, both directly and indirectly. This study is based on a systematic review of 14 journal articles presented on the concerned topic. It is divided into three main parts: the paper describes benefits of diversity management, leader’s role and the challenges which leaders face while playing the role in the diverse management. In the review, it was found that “diversity” in the workplace is one of the most important factors to run the business or corporation smoothly and workplaces are truly benefitted by the management of the diversity. It works as an “aid to trade” in the performance of the workforce in the corporate culture. Next, we explained the challenges which leaders face and how to avoid those by taking initial steps. The paper ends up by providing discussions, limitations of the previous literature and some suggestions to the future researchers.

3. The economic dimension of globalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Manfred B. Steger
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Second World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Economic globalization refers to the intensification and stretching of economic connections across the globe. ‘The economic dimension of globalization’ gives a brief history of the emergence of the global economic order. Towards the end of the Second World War, the Bretton Woods Conference laid the foundations for institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and World Trade Organization. In the 1980s, rising neoliberalism led to the deregulation of financial transactions. Significant developments include the internationalization of trade, the increasing power of transnational corporations, and the enhanced role of international economic institutions. We have recently experienced setbacks like the 2007–10 recession and the slowdown of the Chinese economy.

scholarly journals SPACE AND TIME RELATIONSHIP IN METAPHYSICAL PAINTINGS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (71) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

Metaphysics, which deals with concepts such as existence, existentialism, space and god in its general content, is a branch of philosophy. It sought answers to questions related to these concepts through methods and perspectives different from science. The reason for all these questions is the effort to define the universe. Metaphysical philosophy has been the search for a solution to helplessness caused by the uncertainties caused throughout the history by life and death. Perspectives developed in parallel with the perception of the period have also shaped the questions and propositions. All these metaphysical approaches do not contain a definition that is independent of time and space. Time and space, as one of the most fundamental problematics of metaphysics, are accepted as the most important elements in placing and making sense of the human into the universe. In this context, metaphysics, which has a transphysical perspective as well as the accepted scientific expansions of real and reality, was mostly visible in the field of art rather than science. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of metaphysical philosophy in the emergence of metaphysical art in the context of the effects of social events, especially the destructions and disappointments caused by the world wars in the 20th century, on the artists and the reflections of the existential inquiries related to this. Furthermore this study includes definitions and processes of metaphysics. The works of Giorgio de Chirico and Carlo Carra have been interpreted in terms of form and content within the scope of metaphysics by considering the concepts of time-space. Keywords: Metaphysics, Space, Time, Metaphysical Art

scholarly journals Myth Actualization as a Way to Build the Self-Reflective Plot of the Film “Ilyich’s Gate”

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-605
Author(s):  
Aleksey O. Bezzubikov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment

The article provides the analysis of mytho­logical dimension of the film “Ilych’s Gate” (Zastava Ilycha) by M.M. Khutsiev. The author concludes that the text of this film represents self-reflexive structure. Firstly, the plot of the film quite clearly depicts the mythological perception of reality. Secondly, the course of narration reproduces the influence of mytho­logical codes on the perception of the audience. The text of the film contains a description of its own mechanism of influence on the viewer as well as the processes taking place in the minds of the audience at the moment of viewing.The first part informs of the main principles of mytho­logical thinking and the idea of time and space in the myth, referring to the works by C. Lévi-Strauss, R. Barthes, M. Eliade, A. Losev, E. Cassirer and others. Special attention is paid to the role of myth and initiation ritual in the psychological formation of a personality, as, based on the following, this is the theme that forms the basis of the film plot.The second part deals with the methods by which the mythological dimension is manifested in the text of the film.In the third part, the researcher shows how the contrast of secular and sacral becomes the main semantic opposition promoting the motion of the plot.In the fourth part, the author proves that the reflection of reality in the characters’ minds is a referent of the images shown on the screen. The characters’ development lies in the actualization of the sacral and mythological perception of the world. In turn, the cultural codes contained in the text of the film are designed to evoke a kind of response in the minds of the audience — to actualize the same sacred modus of perception in its ideas, the achievement of which is the ultimate goal of the characters. Thus, the inner path of the characters in the film reflects the processes that excite the studied film in the perception of the audience.The relevance of the article lies in the discovery and description of the principle of self-reflection in the structure of the film “Ilych’s Gate”, which allows us to understand at a qualitatively new level its structure and place in the historical development of Russian cinematography.

scholarly journals Protectionism and the global trade stagnation

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Alessandro Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Exclusive Or ◽  
Trade Market

The protectionism of the last twelve years is forcing many countries to backtrack in the face of the devastating consequences of those policies on their economies and the world trade. The pandemic COVID-19 has highlighted even more how those policies may be destructive and produce impoverishment. The current global pandemic crisis is producing an abrupt and probably very long braking effect on international trade. However, it would be wrong to consider it as the exclusive or the most important cause of global trade stagnation. In fact, the ground had already been prepared by the economic-financial crisis of 2007–2008 and in particular by the choices of “economic nationalism” of neo-protectionist type, which made a precise political use of the modern linear border. Globalisation means mainly the overcoming of political barriers, borders, and the opening to the global free trade market. On the contrary, it is now still hindered by heavy political factors, among which protectionism has been the main one for many years. Those policies, implemented on the large areas by major world powers, have caused a long phase of “de-globalisation”, characterised by the renewed use of the modern border to enclose economies, well before the pandemic crisis.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of a Private-Order Institution in Global Trade: The Liverpool Cotton Brokers' Association and the Crowning of King Cotton, 1811–1900

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Michael Aldous ◽  
Christopher Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Exchange ◽  
Dramatic Growth

In the nineteenth century, the Liverpool Cotton Brokers' Association (CBA) coordinated the dramatic growth of Liverpool's raw cotton market. This article shows how the CBA achieved this through the development of a private-order institutional framework that improved information flows, introduced standardization and contracting regimes, and regulated market exchange platforms. These developments corresponded with significantly improved market coordination, which facilitated the growth of the largest raw cotton market in the world. The article's findings demonstrate and quantify the importance of nonstate actors in creating institutions of global exchange central to the first wave of globalization.

scholarly journals TRADITIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHNOS COGNITIVE ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Б. Б. Нанаева
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Behavioral Attitudes ◽  
Mental Characteristics ◽  
Important Form

В публикации анализируется роль традиций в познавательной деятельности, представляющей собой сложный, часто противоречивый процесс познания мира, на основе исторически сложившихся традиций. Важное место отводится традициям этноса, формирующими его мировоззрения, поведенческие установки, отношение к окружающему миру, образ жизни. Представляется необходимым рассмотрение этнокультурных традиций как важнейшую форму познания мира представителями этноса, в ходе которой вырабатывается его ментальные особенности, понимание социальной реальности, формируется соответствующий образ жизни. The publication analyzes the role of traditions in cognitive activity, which is a complex, often contradictory process of understanding the world, based on historically established traditions. An important place is given to the traditions of the ethnos, which form its worldview, behavioral attitudes, attitude to the world around it, and way of life. It seems necessary to consider ethnocultural traditions as the most important form of cognition of the world by representatives of an ethnos, in the course of which its mental characteristics, understanding of social reality are developed, an appropriate way of life is formed.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS IN TODAY’S WORLD

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Raisa Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Form

The aim of the paper is to show the importance of foreign languages in contemporary world. The paper turns to the perspective provided by language proficiency. The article pays special attention to communicative skills. Communication is considered as the most important form of interaction between peoples in the world.

scholarly journals Reading Literature in the Time of Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Betty Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This paper contextualizes the role of literature during the current state of Covid-19 outbreak. As representation of plague has been a stable in literature across time and space, reading literature about pandemic offers important insights in dealing with the changing period. This study offers a reading of ‘The Marque of Red Death’, a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe which dramatizes the outbreak of titular plague. Poe’s narration contextualizes the horrifying aspects of plague and also criticizes the social inequality concerning the ability of different social classes to cope with pandemic. Hence, this depiction asserts that ecological problem is inseparable with social problem and racial inequality. This study is conducted under ecocritical framework which emphasizes the reorientation of human and non-human relationship through the imaginary literature. The findings suggest that the non-human entity in form of plague is depicted as a disruptive force that abolish the progress of human civilization. This dramatization explores humanity to ponder their position in the world as a reminder of their mortality. The analysis suggests that during the troubled era of Covid-19 outbreak, reading representation of plague in literature can provide an idea with how people across time and space cope with pandemic outbreak.

scholarly journals Brak kanonu i resentyment współczesnego humanisty

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Doda-Wyszyńska
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Culture Time ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Today ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University

A canon is a word of religious origin. It constituted a basic aim of education at the university level. However, that time came to an end when the idea of universality was replaced with the idea of perfection (implicitly a clerk-like perfection). Ressentiment (a repressed feeling, described by Nietzsche and later by Scheler) acts against a higher ability to enjoy cultural pleasure; it creates a contemporary human as a man of labour and utility who cannot make use of the so-called cultural assets (from the canon). Depending on which field the idea of a canon refers to, we will understand it as such. It is most associated with art where it functions as a set of models, rules and methods of creation current in a given period of culture. There are three semantic fields of the background needed to examine the notion of a canon: culture, time and space (I dedicated two chapters of the paper to each). Today, a humanist has completely new roles, since not only did culture change but also time and space – the basic “forms of sensuality”, which Kant defined as our main point of orientation and a ground for thinking about the world. Coping with the canon was mainly intended to teach good choices, not only the choices regarding texts. It may be the most important mission of humanists: to show the canon and teach how to choose one of our own. Now we are observing a kind of fear of the canon (Bloom).We are irritated with what we cannot understand. The biggest load of ressentiment lies within society, in which social equality, both political and formal, goes hand in hand with very large discrepancies in terms of actual power, wealth and education. Today, humanist reflection on culture even left the political level, related to knowledge, and entered a lower, more fundamental level connected with satisfying basic needs. The only role of a contemporary “humanist” is to free themself of illusions, i.e. also of the excess of texts. Our globalised space is ruled by quick rankings and summaries of texts. We lost the need to which art responded – to determine the eternal perspective of life.

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