scholarly journals NEPALI MIGRANTS IN INDIA: REMITTANCE AND LIVELIHOOD A CASE STUDY IN DELHI

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Keshav Bashyal, Ph D
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Crucial Component

In the Nepalese economy, job scarcity is very high because of low levels of industralisation and stagnancy in agriculture sector. Out-migration is evolved to be inevitable consequence of the inability of private sector as well as government policies to create jobs keep pace with the domestic supply of labour. Nepali migration to India is not new phenomena but after 1990s, more than one fifth of Nepalese labour force is thought to have moved to abroad, mainly to Middle East, South East and, India as low paid, unskilled temporary laborers (Khatri 2009).The migrant labor and remittances comprise a crucial component of the Nepalese economy. Though remittances phenomena have been growing rapidly, there is a lack of adequate detailed data on the subject. It is interesting that in Nepal’s first Human Development Report, nothing has been written on the remittances and it also underestimated the figures of foreign labor migrants-suggesting no more than 12,000 (NESAC/UNDP 1998), although it is widely known that the figure is much more than the mentioned above. Migration became the safety valve of Nepali economy which suffered from prolonged conflict, political instability, and unrest. Nepali youths are going abroad even though their income is marginal in these countries. Remittances’ impact on the economy in Nepal gained more significance in the last two decades because of following reasons: 1) the country is poor and per capita income is low; and 2) labour productivity is low (Khatri 2009). Nepal Living Standard Survey (2011) report consistently says that the substantial growth of volume of remittance income and the number of recipients from abroad is reducing poverty even in internal conflict situations. Households receiving remittances have increased from 23.4 percent to 55.8 percent during 1995-96 to 2010.. International remittance income increased from 7 billion to 258 billion rupees in the corresponding time periods (NLSS 1996, 2004 and 2010, and Dhakal 2012). KEYWORDS: migration, employment, foreign remittance, emigration, foreign exchange, migrant workers

scholarly journals Comparisons Of Labour Productivity And Per Capita Income In The Nordic Countries (2000-2010)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorm Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Average Labour Productivity ◽  
Per Capita

Due to increased international trade for the last decades and also increased labour and capital mobility, there has been increased interest in international comparisons of economic performance and living standard among countries. Economic performance for a country may be measured by average labour productivity while living standard is measured by production per capita. Differences in these figures among countries are determined by differences in the number of working hours per person per year and the share of the population that works. This approach gives us the opportunity to examine how living standard and economic performance are related. Labour productivity depends, in general, on the amount of labour and capital, but also on factors like the education of the labour force and in investments in more modern technical equipment. This study will give us some ideas of the relative importance of labour market policy and the necessity for investments to improve the economic conditions in a country.

scholarly journals Опыт трудовой миграции сельских жителей Калмыкии (по результатам глубинных интервью)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-695
Author(s):  
Nogan V. Badmaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. Labor migration of Kalmykia’s rural population is a pressing challenge for the region. Permanent nature and endurance of the socioeconomic crisis in the agricultural sector of the republic have been adversely affecting the living standards of ordinary villagers. Lack of work opportunities and low salaries result in that the latter migrate en masse to the regional capital and even further. Goals. The study aims to analyze labor migration experiences of local rural dwellers. Materials and Methods. The paper summarizes a number of in-depth structured interviews. The qualitative research methods employed make it possible to view the issue in the eyes of unrelated actual participants of the migration processes, with certain attention paid to their backgrounds and life paths. Results. The work reveals one of the key economic factors underlying labor migration is the necessity to pay mortgage and consumer loans. And migration waves closely align with individual life cycles, such as marriage, divorce, births and even weddings of children. Some respondents reported their migrations were determined by certain adulthood stages of children. All these aspects give rise a new context of family and marriage relations: there emerge guest marriage patterns and changes in gender roles, e.g., in some families those are women who act as migrant workers. Roles of grandparents experience transformations forcing the latter to assume functions of the absent father of mother. Horizontal social networks come to the fore, including territorial and kindred ties. Such migrant labor experiences become a tool of economic strategies and mobility: people purchase dwellings in the city, and support children funding their plans with the earned money. So, migration of parents definitely serves a landmark for future migrations of their descendants. The results obtained attest to that the social profile of rural labor migrants contains quite a share of active individuals intensely motivated to work, ones who strive for better living standards and can adjust themselves to strenuous living / working conditions staying away from home and family.

Trafficking, Scandal, and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Argentina and the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 653 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Brennan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
Definition Of

This article examines the varied consequences that the label “trafficked” holds for migrants and for the organizations that assist them. In the case of migrants from the Dominican Republic to Argentina, threat of U.S. economic sanctions prompted the two governments to document incidents of trafficking by labeling all forms of migrant labor exploitation as trafficking. Collapsing a range of coerced and noncoerced labor experiences under one label has muddied the definition of trafficking. In contrast, U.S. trafficking policy systematically ignores significant exploitation of labor migrants, in part because of the volatile politics of immigration in the United States, and because of the conflation of sex trafficking with trafficking. The article uses these two examples of the effects of labeling exploited workers as trafficking victims to draw attention to the politicization of the term “trafficking.”

scholarly journals Kuzey Amerika ve Türkiye’de Tarımsal İş Hukuku

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
İbrahim Çağan Kaya ◽  
Sema Gün
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Agriculture Sector

The concept of labour has come about with the economic activities of some persons or legal entities. The production of a good or service is carried out in accordance with the mutual business relationship. Along with the proletariat, which emerged in particular with the industrial revolution, legal rules have been required for the rights and obligations of workers and employers. This legal business relationship, which is mainly industrial, has doubts about its validity in the agricultural sector. Since the agricultural sector is based on a household labour force, a structure based on business contracts for procurement of goods and services from outside is quite rare. The lack of institutionalization in the agriculture sector, the absence of the agricultural proletariat, the intensification of self-employed households, and the lack of work contracts for seasonal workers have led agricultural employment law to remain a subsidiary of labour law only in developing countries like Turkey. In North America, especially the US and Canada, the agricultural labour law is a special legal entity within the legal system. The United States and Canada are governed by a federal system of governance, with each state having its own legal regulations as well as specific regulations. The aim of the study is to present work on agricultural labour law in the United States and Canada from North American countries and to compare it with agricultural labour law studies in Turkey. In this context, the legal regulations on agricultural wages, seasonal and migrant workers, child labour, social security and occupational health are examined in the United States and Canada and compared with Turkey's existing legislation.

Labour migration and its impact on employment in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
G. V. Yakshibaeva
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The State ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Rational Selection ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
External Migration

The problem of providing the most efficient and rational selection, distribution, use of migrant workers, with regard to both internal and external migration in close relation to socio-economic and demographic interests of the state are currently of particular relevance. Scientific novelty of work consists in the identification of factors and directions of flows as departing and arriving labor migrants in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the characteristics of the development of labour migration and its impact on employment, which allowed to identify problems and negative trends.

scholarly journals Migrant Labour during the Pandemic: A Political Economy Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110212
Author(s):  
Deepak K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Migrant Labour ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
The One

This article aims to analyse the plight of the migrant workers in India during the Covid 19 pandemic from a political economy perspective. While taking note of the disruptions and uncertainties during the drastic lockdown that was announced suddenly, it is argued that the vulnerabilities of the migrant labour force are deeply embedded in the long-term changes in the political economy of development in India. These changes, on the one hand, have resulted in the gradual weakening of state support to the working classes, and on the other, have resulted in the normalisation of ‘cheap labour’ as a legitimate objective of neoliberal capitalist development. Locating the conditions of the migrant working class on the specificities of the manifold restructuring of the Indian economy under neoliberal globalisation, the study attempts to emphasise the structural dimensions of the current crisis faced by the migrant labourers. JEL Codes: J46, J61, O15, O17, P16

Landscaping the Agritech Ecosystem for Smallholder Farmers in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Loukos ◽  
Leslie Arathoon
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Digital Agriculture ◽  
Digital Disruption

Agriculture is an important source of employment in Latin America and the Caribbean. In rural areas, some 54.6 per cent of the labour force is engaged in agricultural production. Although much of the region shares the same language and cultural heritage, the structure and scale of the agriculture sector varies significantly from country to country. Based on the review of 131 digital agriculture tools, this report, prepared by GSMA and IDB Lab, provides a market mapping and landscape analysis of the most prominent cases of digital disruption. It highlights some of the major trends observed in five digital agriculture use cases, identifies opportunities for digital interventions and concludes with recommendations for future engagement that could deliver long-term, sustainable economic and social benefits for smallholder farmers.

Quiet struggles: Migrant farmworkers, informal labor, and everyday resistance in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Cohen ◽  
Elise Hjalmarson
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Migrant Farmworkers ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Everyday Resistance

Utilizing James C. Scott’s germinal concept of everyday resistance, we examine the subtle, daily acts of resistance carried out by Mexican and Jamaican migrant farmworkers in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. We argue that despite finding themselves in situations of formidable constraint, migrant farmworkers utilize a variety of “weapons of the weak” that undermine the strict regulation of their employment by employers and state authorities. We also argue that everyday forms of resistance are important political acts and as such, they warrant inclusion in scholarly examinations. Indeed, by reading these methods neither as “real” resistance nor as political, we risk reproducing the same systems of power that de-legitimize the actions, agency, and political consciousness of subaltern and oppressed peoples. After a brief discussion on the concept of everyday resistance, we provide an overview of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP), establishing the conditions that drive migrant workers to resist and drawing connections between the regulatory framework of the SAWP, the informality of the agricultural sector, and migrant labor. Finally, we examine specific instances of resistance that we documented over 3 recent years through ethnographic fieldwork and as community organizers with a grassroots migrant justice organization. We assert the importance of situating migrants’ everyday acts of resistance at the center of conceptualizations of the broader movement for migrant justice in Canada and worldwide.

scholarly journals Work and the Diaspora: Locating Irish Workers in the British Labour Market

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta O'Connor ◽  
John Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
The Past ◽  
British Labour ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Irish migrant workers still make a significant contribution to the UK labour force, but this contribution is confined to particular occupation and industry groups. This paper begins with a brief review of the literature on Irish workers employment and an argument is developed that the work of Irish-born people in Britain is still both racialised and gendered. Then, using data from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS), the work experiences of over one thousand Irish-born people in the UK are explored. The findings suggest that Irish-born men and women still work in the stereotyped occupations of the past. For example, most women work in public administration and health while twenty six per cent of men work in construction. The majority of Irish-born men work in manual skilled or unskilled jobs. The paper concludes that there has been no real qualitative change in the way that Irish-born workers experience employment in the UK.

scholarly journals Transnational Migrants in the Urban Space of Modern City

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-275
Author(s):  
Andrey Rezaev ◽  
Alexander Stepanov ◽  
Pavel Lisitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Transnational Migrants ◽  
New Research

The paper presents the outcomes of the field research oriented towards studying the usage of urban space by female labor migrants from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in Saint Petersburg in comparison with the practices that they have developed in their places of origin. The paper is based on the sociology of everyday life. The authors focus on the migrants’ transnational practices and a scope of their integration into the host society, as well as the perception of the urban space of Saint Petersburg in comparison to the migrants’ homelands. The informants for the study were 28 legal transnational labor migrants. The methods of the research are in-depth interviews in combination with mental maps. The hypothesis of the study includes two assumptions. The first is that migrant women from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan have transnational practices that indicate their inclusion in the social networks of both the country of origin and the host society, while their everyday life will be characterized by a rather low degree of integration into the host society. The second assumption is that the mental maps of St. Petersburg that were drawn by the informants are detailed and diverse compared to the mental maps of the place of residence in their homelands. These assumptions were partly confirmed. Results of the inquiry raise new research questions that demand further research of migrant workers to be answered.

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