scholarly journals A LOAN PORTFOLIO EVALUATION OF DISTRICT CENTRAL COOPERATIVE BANKS: A CASE STUDY OF UTTAR PRADESH

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Monika
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Credit Institution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Cooperative Banks

Indian Cooperative Banks are the world largest credit institution which serve the credit need of more than 120 million farmers(Rangarajan,1972). These cooperative banks are established to serve for the welfare of rural people and not for the profit maximization. Indian cooperative credit These banks provide credit under various areas such as, agriculture, lives stock, milk, self-employment, setting up small-scale units, personal finance etc. Indian Agricultural Cooperative credit institution are broadly categories in to two types, short term and long term agricultural credit institution. The short term agricultural credit institution have three tire federal structure, at the apex level: State Cooperative Banks, District Central Cooperative Banks at district level and Primary Agricultural Credit Societies, at root level. The District Central Cooperatives Banks(DCCBs) act as intermediary, it provide short and medium term loan to the rural sector. There are total 364 DCCBs operating in country (RBI report, 2017-18), out of which 50 DCCBs operating in Uttar Pradesh (NAFSCOB, 2017-18). The present study evaluate the agricultural and non-agricultural loan distribute by DCCBs of UP for the period of 2013-14 to 2016-17. For the purpose of the study, District Central Cooperative Banks (DCCBs) of UP were divided into 18 zone as per their administrative classification. The study revealed that there is volatility among the zone and some zone performed well in development of rural areas. KEYWORDS: Cooperative Banks, rural people, agriculture, lives stock, milk, self-employment

scholarly journals Effects of agricultural credit on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Ali Chandio ◽  
Yuansheng Jiang ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
Xu Guangshun
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of short-term loan (STL) vs long-term loan (LTL) on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The econometric estimation is based on cross-sectional data collected in 2016 from 18 villages in three districts, i.e. Shikarpur, Sukkur and Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The sample data set consist of 180 wheat farmers. The collected data were analyzed through different econometric techniques like Cobb–Douglas production function and Instrumental variables (two-stage least squares) approach. Findings This study reconfirmed that agricultural credit has a positive and highly significant effect on wheat productivity, while the short-term loan has a stronger effect on wheat productivity than the long-term loan. The reasons behind the phenomenon may be the significantly higher usage of agricultural inputs like seeds of improved variety and fertilizers which can be transformed into the wheat yield in the same year. However, the LTL users have significantly higher investments in land preparation, irrigation and plant protection, which may lead to higher wheat production in the coming years. Research limitations/implications In the present study, only those wheat farmers were considered who obtained agricultural loans from formal financial institutions like Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited and Khushhali Bank. However, in the rural areas of Sindh, Pakistan, a considerable proportion of small-scale farmers take credit from informal financial channels. Therefore future researchers should consider the informal credits as well. Originality/value This is the first paper to examine the effects of agricultural credit on wheat productivity of small farms in Sindh, Pakistan. This paper will be an important addition to the emerging literature regarding effects of credit studies.

Young People and Employment in the South West

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dunkerley ◽  
Claire Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
South West ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family

From a comprehensive survey of over 1200 17 and 18 year olds in Devon and Cornwall, the paper concentrates on the economic position of young people. Important differences were found between the young people in urban and rural areas. Of interest here is the role played by them in the local economy. The rural South West is shown to be characterized by a prevalence of self-employment and small businesses. Furthermore, factors such as a shortage of housing and travelling difficulties leads to different kinds of interdependence between parents and children in rural areas from those found in urban areas. Although in rural areas a dependence of young people upon the family was found, this was balanced by the dependence of the family on them in the sense of a young person’s labour often being a crucial part of the family business. This interdependence is intensified in many rural businesses where there is often no geographical separation of home and workplace. The far South West experiences some of the highest unemployment and the lowest wages in the UK and yet young people in rural areas were found to have developed coping strategies manifested in both formal and informal work practices, casualization and self-employment. The ‘pluriactivity’ found shows young people socialized into long hours, hard work and poor rewards. It is clear from the results that young people are not simply passively dependent upon the household nor that the flow of resources goes simply from parents to children. Small scale rural enterprises in which young people are employed or seek to be employed still show a marked gender division of tasks. Further, it was difficult in many instances to make a clear distinction between work and non-work although again distinct gender differences are visible.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Circular Economy Promotion in Indonesia: The Revival of Agribusiness Partnership

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Sahat Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Trend ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Right

<strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konsep ekonomi sirkuler sebenarnya telah dilakukan sejak lama di Indonesia, khususnya pada industri besar dan menengah, namun belakangan ini perencanaan pembangunan ekonomi kurang memperhatikannya.  Perusahaan-perusahaan pabrik kertas dan perkebunan besar termasuk diantara usaha ekonomi yang melaksanakan konsep ini.  Pada skala ekonomi yang lebih kecil dalam bidang pertanian, kerjasama antara perusahaan besar dengan pertanian rakyat sudah berlangsung dengan baik, memberikan keuntungan ekonomi, memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan dan menjanjikan persaingan yang kompetitif. Masyarakat sebenarnya sudah menerapkan konsep ekonomi sirkuler pada sistem usahatani terintegrasi yang mereka lakukan,  namun  perkembangannya masih kurang memuaskan. Faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan kelembagaan sangat berperan dalam mempromosikan konsep ekonomi sirkuler ini di pedesaan dan menjadi penentu keberhasilan program kemitraan hingga mencapai level tertentu.  Melalui kerjasama model kemitraan sebagai perwujudan konsep ekonomi sirkuler, ketiga pilar ekonomi, yakni lembaga pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat harus saling mendukung dan berpartisipasi menurut kapasitasnya masing-masing memberikan sumbangan pada pembangunan ekonomi regional. Pemerintah sebagai fasilitator dan regulator, perusahaan swasta sebagai penghela usaha, dan masyarakat sebagai pemasok bahan baku atau pelaku usaha kecil harus saling berinteraksi, bekerjasama dan berpartisipasi dalam program pembangunan ekonomi.  Makalah ini menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsep ekonomi sirkuler untuk mempercepat bangkitnya ekonomi rakyat melalui kemitraan agribisnis.<br />    <br /><br /><strong>English</strong><br />Circular economy concept has been less considered in the global framework of economic development in Indonesia during the past decade, although the concept has been continually applied in many medium and large industries.  Pulp and paper enterprises and estate crops agro-industries are among the companies included in this economic trend.  To a smaller economic development, the implementation of circular economy movement in especially agricultural fields has been benefiting rural people, enhancing quality of environment, and promising competitive advantage. Small-scale integrated farming systems have been widely adopted this concept but lack of improvement. Institutional factors have played significant role in promoting circular economy in rural areas.  Institutional role, in this context, is very instrumental to gear regional development towards certain level of improvement.  Through circular economy partnership, the three pillars of development: government, private sector, and rural people are each in the right position to lead in every steps of regional economic development program. These institutions are expected to function as regulator agency to facilitate related activities, as enterprise organization to give hand to initiate and develop certain production, and as supporting society to participate in any programs/activities to achieve certain goals.  This paper addresses influencing factors to promote circular economy to accelerate the revival of people’s regional economy through agribusiness partnership.

scholarly journals Research on the Issuance Mechanism and Implementation Path of Multi-Body Asset Securitization Products of China Rural Banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Lingjuan Xu ◽  
Xinyue Liu ◽  
Zhu Huailei ◽  
Sun Jing
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Asset Securitization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Design Scheme ◽  
Credit Enhancement ◽  
Transaction Structure ◽  
Multi Body

Asset securitization can well solve the bottleneck problem of China rural banks in supporting the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. However, a single entity will face many constraints on issuing credit asset-backed securitization products due to the small scale, short term and high credit risk of loans of rural banks. Therefore, this paper innovatively designs a credit asset-backed securitization product program jointly issued by a number of rural banks from the three aspects of asset pool construction, transaction structure design and credit enhancement, and demonstrates the feasibility of the program with an example, and the results show that the design scheme of asset securitization products is feasible and effective.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Financial Literacy Divide in India: A Comparative Study of Kerala and Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
N. P. Abdul Azeez ◽  
M. Nasira Banu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Financial Decision

One of the significant competencies required in the contemporary scenario is an awareness or knowledge of varied financial affairs and the skill to handle matters apropos of finance. The dearth of financial literacy precludes rural people from the country's formal financial system and created a rural-urban financial divide, especially in the digitalized era. Effective incorporation of financial literacy in formal education will lead to greater access to financial services. This paper tries to find the rural-urban financial literacy divide based on the primary data collected from two states of India, namely Kerala and Uttar Pradesh. A total of 400 samples respondents were taken by using the multi-stage sampling technique. A comprehensive approach for measuring financial literacy is developed by constructing the Financial Literacy Index (FLI), which comprises financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude. The results concluded with the rural-urban financial literacy divide findings as the financial literacy in rural areas is consistently lower than in urban. The results expose the need for a persistent and prolonged intervention from all the stakeholders, including policymakers, to enhance and sustain financial literacy to accomplish a bright financial decision making by the rural people.

scholarly journals Financial Appraisal of RRBs: Evidence from Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-912
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Credit Supply ◽  
Financial Appraisal ◽  
Financial Credit ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

India’s major population lives in rural area and adequate financial credit supply are much needed for speedy economic development of this region. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) was established with the objective to provide financial support in rural areas. RRBs have been working as an economic agent and disbursing loan to the rural people since its inception. RRBs have performed to a great extent in terms of rural credit disbursement but Non Performing Assets (NPA) has become a key trouble. For the last few years RRBs have been facing a primary challenge of mounting NPAs, which is clogging the smooth credit supply in the rural areas. The present study aims to analyze the loan disbursement towards agriculture sector, overdue and NPAs of RRBs working in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

scholarly journals Law and the Exclusionary Essence of Large-Scale Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa Land

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 315-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomaso Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Abstract ‘Global land grabbing’ represents one of the hottest topics of debate within the areas of developmental and agricultural studies. However, this article claims that a narrow focus on the illegality and consequences of the ‘grabbing’, rather than on large scale investments in land (LaSIL) as a form of economic development which is inherently exclusionary, can be detrimental to the future of small-scale farmers. A short-term perspective overlooks the indirect consequences of industrialization, and legitimizes long-term exclusions and marginalization. Through past and present evidence, this paper demonstrates that LaSIL as competing projects will inevitably produce the abandonment of rural areas, the proletarianization of peasants, and the increase in social inequality, against any possibility for coexistence and harmonious cooperation.

Obstacles and methods of financing for the development of local entrepreneurship in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Sadeghloo ◽  
Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari ◽  
Mahdi Salehi ◽  
Amin Faal Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Private Financing

Purpose The purpose of the current study is to investigate the public and private financing obstacles to medium- and small-scale entrepreneurs in rural areas in Iran. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive analytic research method is used for collecting field data among 5,770 owners of entrepreneurial businesses located in rural areas of Mashhad in 2015. Findings The results showed that there are numerous public and private obstacles in rural entrepreneurship financing in Iran, which are the main factors for short-term loan repayment in public sector, and in the private sector, they result in entrepreneurs’ lack of access to the source of financing. Moreover, there are a variety of financing methods for entrepreneurship in rural areas, among which personal resources and borrowings are the most important ones. Thus, lack of serious and persistent governmental support from local entrepreneurs causes many entrepreneurial failures at the early stages of entrepreneurial activity in villages of Iran. Originality/value So far, few studies have been conducted on the subject of the study; hence, the results of the current study may be helpful to the developing nations.

scholarly journals Electrical Energy Demand in Rural India - A Case Study of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Anna-Kaarina Seppälä ◽  
Nabin Raj Gaihre ◽  
Rinald Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Potential Market

India currently has the biggest unelectrified population in the world. Renewable-based microgrids could provide a sustainable solution to providing universal energy access. However, the potential electricity demand in rural areas is unknown and hard to predict. This data is needed to analyse the purchasing power and potential market for microgrids, and to assess their success rate. This study surveyed 73 households in Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in India, to study the energy need in rural communities. The data shows that many unelectrified households are already using electrical appliances powered by small photovoltaic panels or batteries. The consumption is not income-generating but potential productive use cases are widely present. In Uttar Pradesh, small-scale microgrids are already providing homes with enough power for lighting and mobile chargers. An average unelectrified household was found to consume 2.48 kWhe monthly, and to spend ₹ 155 on energy services. Villagers wish for more appliances and more power, and have the required finances to pay for it.

scholarly journals Awareness of Farmers about the Primary Agriculture Credit Societies (With Special Reference of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damini Goswami ◽  
Mayank Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Village

Primary Agriculture Credit Society is a basic unit and smallest cooperative credit institution in India. It works on the grass-root level (gram panchayat and village level). Primary Agriculture Credit Society is formed at the village or town level. It is the old cooperative credit system of India. Primary Agriculture Credit Society was designed to be a village-level credit society into which the farmers brought in share capital, deposits, and provide loans to each other. This study aims to assess the Awareness of Farmers about the Primary Agricultural Credit Societies with Special Reference to Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. 58% of farmers know about primary agriculture credit societies and this study will useful for the rural areas policymakers and this study will also useful for many other stakeholders.

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