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2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e0000064
Author(s):  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Sayera Banu ◽  
Sayeeda Tarannum ◽  
Kamal Ibne Amin Chowdhury ◽  
Arifa Nazneen ◽  
...  

Implementation of tuberculosis (TB) infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines in public tertiary care general hospitals remain challenging due to limited evidence of pulmonary TB (PTB) patients’ duration of hospital stay and management. To fill this evidence gap, this study examined adult PTB patient management, healthcare workers’ (HCWs) exposures and IPC practices in two public tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh.Between December 2017 and September 2019, a multidisciplinary team conducted structured observations, a hospital record review, and in-depth interviews with hospital staff from four adult medicine wards.Over 20 months, we identified 1,200 presumptive TB patients through the hospital record review, of whom 263 were confirmed PTB patients who stayed in the hospital, a median of 4.7 days without TB treatment and possibly contaminated the inpatients wards. Over 141 observation hours, we found a median of 3.35 occupants present per 10 m2 of floor space and recorded a total of 17,085 coughs and 316 sneezes: a median of 3.9 coughs or sneezes per 10 m2 per hour per ward. Only 8.4% of coughs and 21% of sneezes were covered by cloths, paper, tissues, or by hand. The HCWs reportedly could not isolate the TB patients due to limited resources and space and could not provide them with a mask. Further, patients and HCWs did not wear any respirators.The study identified that most TB patients stayed in the hospitals untreated for some duration of time. These PTB patients frequently coughed and sneezed without any facial protection that potentially contaminated the ward environment and put everyone, including the HCWs, at risk of TB infection. Interventions that target TB patients screening on admission, isolation of presumptive TB patients, respiratory hygiene, and HCWs’ use of personal protective equipment need to be enhanced and evaluated for acceptability, practicality and scale-up.


2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Quinteros ◽  
Carola Blazquez ◽  
Felipe Rosas ◽  
Salvador Ayala ◽  
Ximena Marcela Ossa García ◽  
...  

Abstract: Automatic geocoding methods have become popular in recent years, facilitating the study of the association between health outcomes and the place of living. However, rather few studies have evaluated geocoding quality, with most of them being performed in the US and Europe. This article aims to compare the quality of three automatic online geocoding tools against a reference method. A subsample of 300 handwritten addresses from hospital records was geocoded using Bing, Google Earth, and Google Maps. Match rates were higher (> 80%) for Google Maps and Google Earth compared with Bing. However, the accuracy of the addresses was better for Bing with a larger proportion (> 70%) of addresses with positional errors below 20m. Generally, performance did not vary for each method for different socioeconomic status. Overall, the methods showed an acceptable, but heterogeneous performance, which may be a warning against the use of automatic methods without assessing quality in other municipalities, particularly in Chile and Latin America.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1616-1620
Author(s):  
Ali Hammad ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Anwar ◽  
Ameer Ahmad

Objective: To assess various clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric and adolescent patients of COVID-19 of Bahawalpur division, to improve their outcome and management. Study design: Descriptive Cohort study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Civil Hospital Bahawalpur. Period: 1st March to 30th July 2020.  Material & Methods: Data of patients was recovered from hospital record. Data of variables like age, gender, rural or urban living area, symptomatology and need for hospitalization was collected from hospital record. Results: Out of total 516 diagnosed COVID-19 patients, 5.4% patients were of age less than 20 years, 32% from birth to 5 years, 20% from 6 to 10 years of age, 21.4% were 11 to 15 years of age, 28.5% were 16 to 20 years age group. 57.1% were male and 42.8% were female. 42.8% were asymptomatic, 32% patient had respiratory symptoms, 25% had Gastro-intestinal symptoms. 64.2% belonged to urban territory of living, 35.7% belonged to rural. 81.2% patients fall in mild category and 18.7% in moderate. Mortality was Null. Hospitalization was needed in 53.5%, while 46.5% were home quarantined. Mean duration of hospital stay was 14+1 days. Conclusion: Pediatric and adolescent patients have mild to moderate disease severity leading to better outcome of the disease.


Author(s):  
Rohit Raina ◽  
Neha Chhabra

Aim: To find the prevalence of choroidal tubercles in tuberculosis patients. Introduction: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of infectious cause of death especially in endemic countries. Tuberculosis infection spreads hematogenously from primary infection site to rest of the body. Ocular presentation manifests in the form of choroidal tubercles being the most common fundus change. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective, observational hospital-based study. Total 100 tuberculosis patients were studied and their data were collected from Hospital record system from February 2020 to March 2021. Fundus examinations were reviewed and most common ocular presentation was found to be choroidal tubercles. Observations and Results: During the study period, out of 100 patients, 60% were females and 40% were males. Fundus changes were present in 14% patients and these were choroidal tubercles in 12% patients and papillitis in 2%. Choroidal tubercles were present in 7 females and 5 males. Conclusion: We concluded that choroidal tubercles is one of the most common form of ocular tuberculosis. Detection of choroidal inflammation can prevent visual loss as the ocular lesion resolves fully with timely management.


JTCVS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Sarkar ◽  
Jeffrey B. MacLeod ◽  
Ansar Hassan ◽  
Daniel J. Dutton ◽  
Keith R. Brunt ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Nicolás Libuy ◽  
Katie Harron ◽  
Ruth Gilbert ◽  
Richard Caulton ◽  
Ellen Cameron ◽  
...  

IntroductionLinkage of administrative data for universal state education and National Health Service (NHS) hospital care would enable research into the inter-relationships between education and health for all children in England. ObjectivesWe aim to describe the linkage process and evaluate the uality of linkage of four one-year birth cohorts within the National Pupil Database (NPD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). MethodsWe used multi-step deterministic linkage algorithms to link longitudinal records from state schools to the chronology of records in the NHS Personal Demographics Service (PDS; linkage stage 1), and HES (linkage stage 2). We calculated linkage rates and compared pupil characteristics in linked and unlinked samples for each stage of linkage and each cohort (1990/91, 1996/97, 1999/00, and 2004/05). ResultsOf the 2,287,671 pupil records, 2,174,601 (95%) linked to HES. Linkage rates improved over time (92% in 1990/91 to 99% in 2004/05). Ethnic minority pupils and those living in more deprived areas were less likely to be matched to hospital records, but differences in pupil characteristics between linked and unlinked samples were moderate to small. ConclusionWe linked nearly all pupils to at least one hospital record. The high coverage of the linkage represents a unique opportunity for wide-scale analyses across the domains of health and education. However, missed links disproportionately affected ethnic minorities or those living in the poorest neighbourhoods: selection bias could be mitigated by increasing the quality and completeness of identifiers recorded in administrative data or the application of statistical methods that account for missed links. Highlights • Longitudinal administrative records for all children attending state school and acute hospital services in England have been used for research for more than two decades, but lack of a shared unique identifier has limited scope for linkage between these databases. • We applied multi-step deterministic linkage algorithms to 4 one-year cohorts of children born 1 September-31 August in 1990/91, 1996/97, 1999/00 and 2004/05. In stage 1, full names, date of birth, and postcode histories from education data in the National Pupil Database were linked to the NHS Personal Demographic Service. In stage 2, NHS number, postcode, date of birth and sex were linked to hospital records in Hospital Episode Statistics. • Between 92% and 99% of school pupils linked to at least one hospital record. Ethnic minority pupils and pupils who were living in the most deprived areas were least likely to link. Ethnic minority pupils were less likely than white children to link at the first step in both algorithms. • Bias due to linkage errors could lead to an underestimate of the health needs in disadvantaged groups. Improved data quality, more sensitive linkage algorithms, and/or statistical methods that account for missed links in analyses, should be considered to reduce linkage bias.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benju Pandit

Aim: To analyse the demographic factors and parity in women influencing choice of contraceptive methods. Methods: This is a hospital record based retrospective study at Bhaktapur hospital, a tertiary hospital in a span of 6 months from October 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected from medical record and descriptive analysis was done. Results: There were 142 women taking contraceptive service in six months.Implant was the most commonly used method of contraception (48%), followed by the IUCD (26%), Injectable (16%) and OCP (10%). Age group of 20-39 had more acceptance of contraception as compared to adolescent and women above 40. More the parity more usage of long acting reversible contraception was found. Conclusion: The most common contraceptive method used among women was implant. Client having two or more children are more to receive long acting contraception.


2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-16
Author(s):  
Umer Ijaz ◽  
Asad Habib ◽  
Hassan Sajjad Rathore ◽  
Muhammad Imran Sarwar

Objective: To study the spectrum of optic neuropathies in patient’s presenting at AFIO Rawalpindi. Study Design: Descriptive study/retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Methodology: Retrospective analysis of hospital record of patients coming to neuro-ophthalmic clinic of ArmedForces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi, from Jan to Dec 2017 was done. Only patients with clearfinal diagnosis of neurophthalmic disease were included. Those with vague diagnosis were excluded. Data wasentered in SPSS version 22 and grouped into variables before analysis. Chi-square test was used for statisticalanalysis. The p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Forty-five patients were included in study including 33 (73.3%) males and 12 (26.6%) females. Mean age of patients was 41.64 ± 17.74 years. Patients were grouped into ischemic optic neuropathy 20%, toxic optic neuropathies 20%, compressive optic neuropathies 17.7%, inflammatory optic neuropathies 11%, neuroretinitis 6.7%, hereditary optic neuropathies 6.7%, multiple sclerosis (MS) related 4.4%, neuromylitis optics spectrum (NMO-SD) related 4.4%, traumatic optic neuropathies 4.4% and nutritional optic neuropathies 4.4%. Deficiency of vitamin B12 and vitamin D was strongly associated with nutritional optic neuropathies while raised TLC was most common association with inflammatory optic neuropathies (57.14%) and of neuroretinitis (66%). Anti-tuberculosis drugs were most common cause of toxic optic neuropathies (88.88%). Chi square test was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: Ischemic optic neuropathy is the most common presentation in our population according to ourstudy. However...........


Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4 (oct 2020 - dec 2020)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Latif ◽  
Sadia Ilyas ◽  
Saeed Mehmood ◽  
Hammad Arif ◽  
Nuzhat Parveen Khawaja ◽  
...  

Objectives: To audit the obstetric hysterectomies in a tertiary care hospital during one year. Methods: It was an observational retrospective study design, where all the pregnant women were assessed for fetomaternal outcomes, indications and complications for peripartum hysterectomy. The records were retrieved from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 by using hospital record system. The study duration was of one year. The venue of the study was Lahore General hospital, Lahore. The exclusion criteria included all unmarried women, women with chronic kidney disease or renal failure, past surgical history of heart disease, whereas all the women who delivered in hospital, private clinic or at home after atleast 28 weeks of gestational age and experience hysterectomy at the time of delivery or after delivery in the puerperium, were included in the study. Results: The data over 32 women were retrieved from the hospital record system. The mean age of the women was 30.34+2.23 with range 26-34. The average number of parity was 3 of all females. The range of parity was 2 to 7. The average gestational age was 36.18 weeks. All the deliveries were done by cesarean section whereas 4 (12.5%) were elective and 28 (87.5%) were with emergency indications. 13 (40.6%) of the deliveries were in private clinic, 9 (28.1%) were done by LHV/ mid wife, 5(15.6%) were in private hospitals, 4(12.5%) were in LGH and only 1(3.1%) was at home. 18(56.3%) of the women were having at least one abortion in previous history. Conclusion: We concluded that emergency peripartum hysterectomy is very vital procedure that saves lives and manage life threatening obstetrical hemorrhage when other methods failed to control it.The major indications for emergency peripartum hysterectomy were placental abruption, placenta praevia/accrete, uterine atony and ruptured uterus. Key Words: Uterine artery embolization, Emergency peripartum hysterectomy, maternal morbidity and mortality, healthcare providers How to Cite: Latif F, Ilyas S, Mehmood S. Arif H. Khawaja P. Nuzhat. Jawad Z. J Clinical audit of obstetrical hysterectomies for a period of one year in a tertiary care hospital. Esculapio.2020;16(04):50-53.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Rashwan , Eman K. ◽  
Ghazy , Amany A. ◽  
Al Huwaydi , Ahmed M. ◽  
Alsabilah , Raghad Faris ◽  
Alshammari , Reem Obaid ◽  
...  

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