scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF «COSTS»

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Hanna Trofimova ◽  
Yevheniy Starychenko ◽  
Nataliya Koval
Keyword(s):  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Product Costing ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Market Relations

Introduction. An important component in the management system of the enterprise is the assessment of the effectiveness of management actions, which involves comparing the results of activities with the costs of achieving these results. As costs can be considered any cost of resources (fixed assets, materials, labour resources in the form of working time, wages, etc.). Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach and dialectical method of cognition, which were used to study the fundamental provisions of economics on the formation of cost management of vegetable enterprises. General scientific methods were used to achieve the goal of the study: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction (determination of the essence of the category “costs”, generalization of the peculiarities of the formation of costs of agricultural enterprises and the basics of their management); abstract and logical (formulation of conclusions, proposals) and other generally accepted methods and modern economic and statistical techniques. Results. Summarizing the existing approaches to determining the nature of production costs, we can conclude that they represent a fee for the possibility of production (fee for the use of resources, services, works, etc.), which varies depending on the conditions of its implementation, which allows to achieve goals (the main of which in terms of market relations is profit maximization). Discussion. Ukraine's transition to IFRS will certainly improve the quality of economic information in the field of cost accounting and product costing, associated with a number of difficulties due to differences in management accounting methodology, as well as cost accounting according to IFRS and NP (S) of accounting. These include differences in terminology and categorization of the methodological apparatus, in the composition and principles of grouping and distribution of costs; different approaches to explaining the nature and origin of cost groups and their distribution; temporary focus in accounting and cost analysis. In our opinion, these difficulties can be solved and require further study and classification of differences in cost accounting systems, as well as the development of methods for transforming cost data generated in one of the systems adopted by the company as a basis for parallel format data. Keywords: costs, prime cost, resource, production, capital, wastage, losses.

EARLY COST ACCOUNTING PRACTICES AND PRIVATE OWNERSHIP: THE SILK FACTORY COMPANY OF PORTUGAL, 1745–1747

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Matos Carvalho ◽  
Lúcia Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Russell Craig
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Production Control ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Product Costing ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
Political Economic

This paper contributes to an understanding of the historical development of management accounting by presenting an example of cost accounting practice in Portugal in the first half of the 18th century. It explores the integration of cost and financial accounting systems within a double-entry accounting framework by the Silk Factory Company (SFC) between 1745 and 1747. The SFC's methods of product costing, pricing, inventory accounting, expense recognition, and production control are reviewed within the political, economic, and social context of Portugal at the time. The SFC is revealed to have used job-order product costing, with allocations of overhead costs, allowances for wastage and shrinkage, and elements of rudimentary standard costing. Our findings provide evidence of the existence of cost accounting and management control techniques at a private rather than a state-owned enterprise prior to the industrial revolution.

scholarly journals Activity-based costing on the example of prune-drying company

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373
Author(s):  
Nikola Popovic ◽  
Marina Vasilic
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Cost Accounting System

This paper examines the possibility of application of the activity-based costing in a company engaged in drying fruit. Activity Based Costing (ABC) was developed due to the shortcomings of traditional cost accounting systems, which was shown to have serious limitations, on one hand, and due to the need for more accurate cost price, on the other. This is of great importance for business decision making, which requires quality data and information, because the intense technical and technological progress has significantly altered the environment companies operate in. Along with this fact, major changes in cost structure occurred, which reflected through the increase of the indirect cost portion, and decrease of direct labor and material costs. Traditional cost accounting methods allocate indirect production costs using keys which are no longer appropriate for the new circumstances, and therefore typically allocate unreasonably high amount of indirect costs to those products which are produced in larger series. ABC cost accounting system firstly allocates indirect costs to pre-defined activities, and afterwards carries them to cost and profit drivers. The application of ABC costing in Serbia is at the very beginning. Having in mind that the privatization and the restructuring phase in the economy is followed by the establishment of a new management with fresh ideas, this can be a good timing for companies to introduce modern approach and modern methods of cost accounting. ABC method is very convenient for application in service companies, food processing industry, confectionery companies, driers, sugar refineries, breweries, dairies, mills etc.

scholarly journals Methodological basis of internal control in the costs management system of enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 10040
Author(s):  
Guzaliya Klychova ◽  
Alsou Zakirova ◽  
Amina Khusainova ◽  
Ekaterina Markovina ◽  
Elena Zaharova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Management System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Product Costing ◽  
Number Of Factors

In modern conditions the functioning of enterprises is influenced by a number of factors, which include a tough competitive environment, limited material resources necessary to carry out production activities, the economic crisis caused by the pandemic COVID-19. The main tasks, which should be solved to increase the effectiveness of the company's activity, are tasks, connected with minimization of expenses for production, works and services. To solve these tasks, it is necessary to implement effective and rational internal control. The article's purpose consists of studying of organizational aspects and development of directions of improvement of methodical provision of internal control of production costs and product costing. As one of the tools of internal control it is recommended to use developed working documents of internal control. These documents make it possible to carry out effective planning of internal control; to evaluate effectiveness of internal control and accounting systems, to systematize information received during inspection of primary accounting and observation of norms of consumption of material assets during production; to generalize results of inspection and reflection of violations and mistakes revealed during internal control.

Factors Affecting the Decision to Apply Material Flows Cost Accounting MFCA in Thai Nguyen Steel Production Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Kim Huyen
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Legal Documents

Applying the Material Flows Cost Accounting method in Thai Nguyen steel enterprises is one of the solutions to improve the efficiency in the production process, using input materials, and environmental performance, as well as to measure more correctly the production costs based on the change of the price calculation basic. Identifying the factors which affect the decision on applying MFCA to the accounting process of Thai Nguyen steel production enterprises by a direct survey is carried out with 119 accountants and managers working at 13 steel enterprises. The results show that applying MFCA to the accounting process in these enterprises depends on the strategies, capacities, the accounting system of those enterprises, and the system of legal documents related to environmental accounting.

MUNICIPAL ACCOUNTING REFORM c. 1900: OHIO'S PROGRESSIVE ACCOUNTANTS

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Fleischman ◽  
R. Penny Marquette
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Era ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Accounting Systems

Despite the fact that municipal accounting was a significant and permanent reform of the Progressive era, historians have failed to accord accountants proper credit for their leadership roles. Ohio was an important Progressive state and is particularly suited to an investigation of the contribution made by accountants. Ohio was the first state to require uniform municipal accounting and one of the first to inaugurate budgeting. Municipal research bureaus in major Ohio cities were among the most dynamic in the nation, inspiring important steps forward in cost accounting, budgeting, and the installation of accounting systems. Progressive municipal administrations came to depend increasingly on expert accountants to devise new systems and to audit the results.

scholarly journals Cycle-oriented approach to building a model of production costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00124
Author(s):  
Elena P. Polikarpova ◽  
Igor E. Mizikovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Cost Management ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Oriented Approach

Modern science and practice does not have a sufficient set of cost management tools, taking into account the duration of the production cycle, characteristic of agricultural activity. The implementation of a cycle-oriented approach to building a model of production costs was based on studying the existing options for classifying production costs, which were supplemented with features from the perspective of managing long production cycles. As a result of the study, a model of production costs was built from the point of view of a cycle-oriented approach, as well as a model of production costs from the standpoint of features of a long production cycle. The model can serve as the basis for the formation of the information space of cost management, control and cost analysis in the economy of agricultural enterprises.

ISSUES OF REASONABLE ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF COST ACCOUNTING AND ANALYSIS IN ECONOMIC ENTITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Azamat Mahmudov ◽  
◽  
Farangiz Kenjaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Activity Cost ◽  
Process Cost ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Main Activity

The article discusses the issues of accounting and analysis of the main production costs, period costs and costs of financial activities in the system of effective management of business entities. The influence of production processes on the perfect business operations is studied, proposals are givenand recommendations for the organization of primary and consolidated cost accounting are developed.Кеу words:production process, cost classification, primary and consolidated documentation, main activity, cost period, financial activity

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE MARKET OF MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF RESOURCE EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Bahromjon Rahimov ◽  
◽  
Mirzobobur Ibrokhimov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Production Forecast ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
Equipment Transport

The establishment of market relations in agriculture requires the development of the system of material and technical resources on the basis of market principles. Weak financial situation of agricultural enterprises, weakening of economic relations with the manufacturer of equipment, transport costs, transit, high customs duties, devaluation of money, imbalances between prices for agricultural and industrial products and a number of other factors.Keywords:regions, efficiency, economy, agricultural production, forecast, production potential, intensification, resources, economic mechanism.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Quality of Performance Using the Cost Accounting Information System in the Control of Quality Costs Study in the General Company for Electrical Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Hanan Abdullah Hassan Al-Amar ◽  
Qasim Ali Omran Al-Bayati ◽  
Huda Jabbar Kadhum Al-Haiyali
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Quality Costs ◽  
The Cost

The financial operations which carried out by economic unity are proven treatment and documenting and continuous down to makers decision by relevance objective and time and then to reflect on the decision maker in any center of responsibility. That ’s provided by the system accounting information where the source is the basis for producing important accounting information, And the cost accounting information systems of the most important information systems that deal with data processing and conversion to information of relative importance to the beneficiaries. Which is consist with The objective of the research that emphasize the importance of accounting systems in general and systems cost in particular to achieve the highest c The research has led to a number of results, the most important of which is the difficulty in controlling quality costs as well as the waste of economic resources in the company. The researchers recommended adherence to the technical standards to achieve the quality of performance as well as conducting a thorough examination of samples and focusing on the quality of raw materials and testing before use to reduce the proportion Damage.

scholarly journals Assessment of the effectiveness of agricultural technologies based on production data

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08009
Author(s):  
N.V. Stepnykh ◽  
S.D. Gilev ◽  
E.V. Nesterova ◽  
A.M. Zargaryan ◽  
S.A. Kopylova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Digital Management

Modern agriculture is characterized by a variety of technologies associated with a multivariance of means of production. Due to the fact that the forces of scientific organizations do not allow to study most of the innovations in agriculture, the analysis of the effectiveness of technologies is possible directly in agricultural enterprises, where a large amount of agronomic and economic information obtained in the specific conditions of the introduction of agricultural practices is accumulated. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of modern technologies for growing grain crops according to accounting and agronomic reports of agricultural enterprises of the Kurgan region. The methods of monographic, mathematical, and statistical analysis of data from literary sources, annual reports of agricultural enterprises of the region, as well as data from production fields of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences were used. The results of the study showed the possibility of obtaining high results in crop production due to different methods of tillage (with and without surface tillage), the use of optimal doses of fertilizers. The reserves of profitability growth are associated with a more accurate use of resources, which is possible when considering the data of each field, thanks to the maintenance of electronic books of the field history, as a variant of a digital management tool in crop production.

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