scholarly journals Dry resistance of wheat lines derivated from synthetics with the ABD genomic structure

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
K.I. Dokukina ◽  
R.L. Bohuslavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
Water Holding

Aim. Assessment of the water-holding capacity of leaf blades and spikes of lines obtained by hybridization of bread spring wheat with synthetics Triticum durum Desf.–Aegilops tauschii Coss. as characteristics of their drought resistance. Identification of lines with a lower water-yielding capacity and accordingly with a higher water-holding capacity than that of the recurrent variety Kharkovskaya 26. Results and Discussion. In all three years of research, in all samples, the moisture-yielding coefficient per unit of dry weight was higher for the leaf blade of the second leaf, lower (on average, 1.5 times) for the first leaf, and the smallest for the ear (on average, 2.0-5 , 7 times compared to the first sheet). This corresponds to the regularity of V.R. Zalensky on the increase in xeromorphism from the lower to the upper tiers of the plant. The moisture-yielding coefficient of the upper (flag) leaf is closely positively correlated with that of the second leaf: r = 0.98-0.99. The leaf moisture-yielding coefficient correlates significantly, to an average extent, negatively with the yield of lines and the weight of grain per spike in unfavorable, arid 2015 and 2017 (r = −0.49 to −0.62) and tends to be negative in a more favorable 2016 (r = −0.26 to −0.30). The lines with a greater ability to retain leaf blades moisture during the period of caryopsis formation tend to higher yields and the formation of ears with a larger grain mass. The moisture-yielding coefficient of the spike, in contrast to the leaf blades, in all three years positively correlated with the yield and grain weight per spike. The positive correlation of the ear moisture yield with the yield and ear productivity can be explained by an increase in the ear attracting ability in more productive forms. The lowest water-yielding capacity of the first (0.58-1.22) and (0.88-1.74) second leaves, corresponding to a greater water-holding capacity, in all the research years were the lines DK 30 GK 31 GK 34, GK 37, DK 39, DK 48, in which this indicator was less than that of the recurrent variety Kharkovskaya 26 (respectively, for the first leaf 1.26-1.43, for the second 1.77-2.08). The moisture yield of an ear of these lines in 2015 was less than that of Kharkovskaya 26, in 2016 (excluding DK 48) and 2017 - more than that of this variety. Thus, by hybridization of bread spring wheat with synthetics, there were obtained the lines with a lower water-yielding capacity therefore a higher water-retaining capacity of leaves than in the recurrent variety Kharkovskaya 26. The average yield of the above-mentioned lines over the research years was from 245 to 297 g / m2, which is higher than that of Kharkovskaya 26. The average for the research years grain weight per an ear of the lines with low moisture yield was from 2.1 to 2.7 g, therefore, it was higher than in the variety Kharkovskaya 26. At the same time, the relationships of the moisture yield with the grain weight from an ear and yield are not unambiguous. Conclusions. By crossing the spring wheat cultivar Kharkivska 26 with synthetics of the ABD genomic structure with subsequent backcrosses, lines with a lower moisture yield of the upper (0.58-1.22) and (0.88-1.74) second leaves were obtained than that of the recurrent cultivar - respectively 1,26-1,43 and 1,77–2,08, which corresponds to a higher water-holding capacity: DK 30, DK 31, DK 34, DK 37, DK 39, DK 48. There is an increase in water-holding capacity from the second leaf to the ear which corresponds to the regularity of V.R. Zalensky. The lines identified by the low moisture yield of leaf blades exceeded the recurrent variety Kharkovskaya 26 in yield and grain weight per ear. At the same time, relationships of the moisture yield with the grain weight from an ear and yield are not unambiguous.

scholarly journals Trait inheritance in bread spring wheat hybrids with synthetics with ABD genomic structure

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
K.I. Dokukina ◽  
R.L. Bohuslavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

There are prezented results of a study of early hybrid generations of bread spring wheat with synthetics (ABD genomic structure) combining the genomes of Triticum durum Desf. and Aegilops tauschii Coss. for inheritance of plants height, ear productivity elements: length, spikelet and grain number, grain weight; 1000 grain weight. In all five combinations, transgressive forms were found out on different traits with a frequency of 6% to 8% and a transgression degree of 6 to 17%. In the hybrid Kharkivska 26 / AD 68.112 / Ward // Ae.squarrosa (369), such plants are distinguished on five traits: plant height and parameters of the main ear – length, spikelet and grain number, grain weight. The presence of transgressions indicates an increase in the manifestation level of these traits in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Biomechanics of Atlas Cedar Roots in response to the Medium Hydromechanical Characteristics

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Belkacem EL Amrani ◽  
Mohammed Bendriss Amraoui
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Short Root ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Stimulation Of

The biomechanical root flexibility in response to hydromechanical soil heterogeneity is the most determining factor of the root architecture which plays a paramount role in mycorrhizal infection and allows the seedlings to adapt to the environmental constraint. We examined the impact of five different hydromechanical medium properties (hydroponics, vermiculite, vermiculite-gravel, sawdust, and sand) on the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of Cedrus atlantica seedlings at a controlled growth chamber. The growth of the seedling is strongly stimulated by the hydroponic medium through the stimulation of the aerial part dry weight and the main root length. However, the sand medium increases the main root dry weight by the radial expanse stimulation at the level of the epidermis, vascular cylinder, and cortex and compensates the less root architecture by the stimulation of the xylem and phloem areas. In contrast to sand and hydroponic media, the sawdust medium stimulates the phloem/xylem ratio, the root architecture, and the short roots. The Pearson bilateral correlation shows that the aerial part dry weight is positively correlated with the permeability, porosity, and water-holding capacity and negatively with the bulk density and density at saturation, whereas the short root production is negatively correlated with the permeability and water-holding capacity. Hence, the hydromechanical characteristics of the soils must be taken into account in the reforestation and mycorrhization attempts.

scholarly journals The effects of ispaghula on rat caecal fermentation and stool output

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Edwards ◽  
Jacqueline Bowen ◽  
W. Gordon Brydon ◽  
Martin A. Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Caecal Fermentation ◽  
Water Holding

The colonic fermentation of ispaghula, a mucilage fromPlantago ovatacomposed mainly of arabinoxylans, and its effects on stool output and caecal metabolism were investigated. Four groups of eight rats were fed on a basal diet (45 g non-starch polysaccharides/kg) for 28 d. The diet was then supplemented with ispaghula (g/kg; 0, 5, 15 or 50) for 28 d. Ispaghula increased stool dry weight and apparent wet weight but faecal water-holding capacity (amount of water held per g dry faecal material at 0.2 mPa) was unchanged. The extent of faecal drying in the metabolism cages was measured for rats fed on the basal diet and 50 g ispaghula/kg diet. At the faecal output levels encountered, only an 8% loss of wet weight would be predicted over 24 h and this was independent of diet. Faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration did not change but SCFA output increased. The molar proportion of SCFA as propionic acid increased and faecal pH was reduced. Values from pooled faecal samples suggested that approximately 50% of the ingested ispaghula was excreted by the 50 g ispaghula/kg diet group. Diaminopimelic acid (a constituent of bacterial cells) concentrations fell but output was unchanged indicating no change in bacterial mass. Similar changes were seen in the caecal contents but caecal pH and SCFA were unaffected. Ispaghula increased both caecal and colonic tissue wet weight and colonic length. Our results suggest that ispaghula is partly fermented in the rat caecum and colon, and loses its water-holding capacity. However, it is still an effective stool bulker and acts mainly by increasing faecal water by some unknown mechanism

scholarly journals Growth of Two Subtropical Ornamentals Using Coir (Coconut Mesocarp Pith) as a Peat Substitute

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1484-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Meerow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Coir Dust ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Ixora Coccinea ◽  
Coconut Mesocarp ◽  
Over Time

Growth of Pentas lanecolata (Forssk.) Deflers `Starburst Pink' and Ixora coccinea L. `Maui' was compared in container media using sphagnum peat, sedge peat, or coir dust as their peat components. Growth index and top and root dry weights of both crops were significantly better in coir-based medium than sedge peat-based medium. Pentas grew equally well in coir- and sphagnum peat-based medium. Growth index and top dry weight of Ixora were significantly lower in the coir-based than the sphagnum peat-based medium, although root dry weights were equal. This difference was not apparent and may have been caused by N drawdown in the coir-based mix. The sedge peat-based medium had the highest air porosity and the lowest water-holding capacity of the three media at the initiation of the trials, but at the termination of the study, it showed a reversal of these characteristics. The coir-based medium showed the least change in these attributes over time. Coir dust seems to be an acceptable substitute for sphagnum or sedge peat in soilless container media, although nutritional regimes may need to be adjusted on a crop-by-crop basis.

scholarly journals GROWTH OF BEDDING PLANTS IN MINERAL WOOL AND MINERAL WOOL/PEAT MIXES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 686b-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Contrisciano ◽  
E. Jay Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Water Holding

The objective of this research was to develop a mineral wool based growing medium for the horticultural industry. Two types of hydrophilic mineral wool, clean wool (CW) and unclean wool (UC) were used unamended, as well as both types in combinations with 25, 50, and 75 percent peat moss (PM). A control of 100 percent (PM) was also used. Unamended CW had a low bulk density, excellent water holding capacity, good aeration, but high pH. Once PM was added to CW, bulk density still remained low, water holding capacity and aeration remained good, and the pH dropped to a more suitable level. Unamended UW had a high bulk density, good water holding capacity, poor aeration, and high pH. Once PM was added to UW, bulk density decreased, water holding capacity remained good, aeration increased, and pH decreased to a more optimal level. Impatiens `Violet' and Begonia `Whiskey' were grown in the nine treatments for six and nine weeks respectively. At harvest, plant growth was evaluated by height, diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, and tissue analysis. Plant growth response showed plants grown in unamended CW, UW, and PM were smaller in size and lighter in fresh and dry weights than those in 50 percent wool/50 percent PM. The plants grown in 25 and 75 percent PM were similar to the 50 percent wool/50 percent PM in size and weight.

scholarly journals Earthworm Castings as a Substrate Amendment for Chrysanthemum Production

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo R. Hidalgo ◽  
Richard L. Harkess
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Substrate Amendment ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Water Holding

Earthworm castings (vermicompost) were evaluated as a substrate amendment for chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam.] `Miramar' production. Vermicompost produced from sheep, cattle, and horse manures were mixed at different ratios with 70 peatmoss: 30 perlite (v/v) to create 12 substrates. The 70 peatmoss: 30 perlite mix at 100% and Sunshine® Mix 1 were used as control substrates. The bulk density, percentage of pore space, and water holding capacity increased as vermicompost content increased while the percentage of air space decreased. At 100% vermicompost, water holding capacity and bulk density were greatest in vermicompost from sheep manure. Plants grown in mixtures of 50% vermicompost from sheep had a greater growth index at harvest, foliar area, number of flowers per pot, and dry weight and fewer days for flower development than plants grown in other substrates. Vermicompost from sheep manure added at 50% by volume was most effective as a substrate amendment for chrysanthemum production.

Comparative Growth and Development of Red Rice (Oryza sativa) and Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam L. Kwon ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Growth and development of red rice (strawhull) and ‘Lemont’ and ‘Newbonnet’ rice were compared in 1987 and 1988 under noncompetitive field conditions at Stuttgart, AR. Growth and developmental differences were greater between red rice and rice than between rice cultivars. Compared to rice, red rice was taller, produced more culms m−2and aboveground dry weight, had higher leaf area indices, and had a greater flag leaf area. Also, it had lower leaf to stem ratios late in the season, had greater crop growth rate early in the season but less late in the season, and produced a lower grain weight than rice. Compared to Newbonnet, Lemont plants were shorter at 60 d after emergence or later, produced more culms m−2, had a greater leaf area index, and produced higher grain weight than Newbonnet. Also, Lemont and Newbonnet produced comparable leaf to stem ratios, crop growth rates, and flag leaf areas.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS IN SORGHUM UNDER THE EFFECT OF POPULATIONS AND PLANTING SEASONS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuhaib & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Estimation Of Genetic Parameters

In order to estimate the phenotypic, genotypic and environment variance; and estimate the genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variations; and heritability broad sense. for some traits, in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).Experiment was carried out at the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad, during Spring and Fall season of 2013, by using split plot arrangement in randomize complete block design with four replications . The population densities are 6000, 7000, 80000 p.ha-1.as the main plots. Traits and variances were recorded on three genotypes of sorghum, Enqath, Rabih and Kaffieras sub plots. Results of statistical analysis showed that the cultivar Enqath the higher yield 5.81 ton.ha-1. and 6.13 ton.ha-1. for Spring and Fall season respectively. This was due to superiority in weight of 1000 grain 32.48g in spring, and no. of grains 2323 grains for Fall. The better population density was 60000 .ha-1. for spring due to highest of grain weight, no. of grains and dry weight for its increase in functional no. of leaves and flag leaf area. In Fall the plant in this population were give higher yield due to superiority in dry weight, leaf area index, grain weight and flag leaf area. The superior cultivar and population characterized in lower leaf area and day to maturity and higher in harvest index. So these traits characterized with higher of genetic variation and heritability.      

scholarly journals 610 Evaluation of Sawmill Residue as a Component of Nursery Potting Mix

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 552D-552
Author(s):  
Wayne J. McLaurin
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Soil Mix ◽  
Measurable Growth ◽  
Water Holding

The standard mix used by most nurseries consist of a 9 pine bark: 1 sand. With the ever-increasing cost of bark, nurseries are looking for an alternative. Sawmill residue may hold potential utility as part of a potting mix. Although sawmill residue is highly variable, it can serve as soil bulk as well as an organic medium. The purpose of this study was to determine if old sawmill residue not treated by pathogen-free requirement procedures could be used “as is” as part of a nursery soil mix. For this study, a sample, a typical conglomerate of undetermined wood chips, bark, and soil particles, was obtained from an “old pile” (just how old is not known) of sawmill residue. To determine how this sample would function in a nursery bark/sand mix, tests were run on its physical properties of pore space and water-holding capacity. The sawmill residue had the following characteristics: a mean 44.2% porosity capacity, 23.4% air space, and 20.8% water holding capacity. A standard fertilizer and lime amendment package was added to the sawmill residue in the same rates as a regular nursery mix. The sawmill residue and the standard nursery mix were then blended according to the treatment percentages. The treatments were sawmill residue/standard nursery mix 0/100, 10/90, 30/70, 60/40, and 100/0. The Ilex crenata `Compacta' liners were planted into standard 1-gallon nursery pots filling to just below the rim. The pots were randomly placed on a well-drained rock surface in full sun. No additional fertilizer was used and watering was done as needed. Plants were grown for 1 year. Visual assessments were made throughout the growing period and at harvest. There was no visible difference in any of the treatments as far as overall growth was discerned. The plants were of uniform height and width showing consistent, even growth and good leaf color. Root system growth and development were evaluated visually and over all treatments were uniformly good. No root problems were noted. There was not any plant loss in any treatment over the entire study. Each plant was cut at the soil line and dried for 24 hours at 1150 °C. Dry weights were taken after the plant material had cooled for 4 hours. Results were based on four plants per treatment times four replications for a total of 16 plants per treatment. There was not any measurable growth difference in dry weight among treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 [sawmill residue/standard nursery mix 0/100 (41.03 g dry weight), 10/90 (39.83 g dry weight), 30/70 (38.98 g dry weight), 60/40 (37.42 g dry weight)]. However, treatment 5 [100/0 (31.03 g dry weight)] was significantly lower when compared to the remaining four treatments. The lower dry weight may be attributed to the 100% sawmill residue being too heavy and not well-drained enough. However, the roots did not show any damage from being too wet. Further work is being done with the sawmill residue.

scholarly journals Recycled Paper as a Growth Substrate for Container Spirea Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1253-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette B. Craig ◽  
Janet C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Water Holding

Spiraea japonica L. f. `Froebelii' were grown in 3.8-L containers filled with substrates consisting of recycled paper (RP) and pine bark at rates of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% (by volume) RP. Fertilizer treatments included 100% of the recommended rate of N as controlled release (CRF) or liquid fertilizer (LF) or both. The same amounts of N (as NO3--N and NH4+-N), P and K were supplied with each fertilizer treatment. Plants were irrigated in Fall 1996 based on substrate water-holding capacity and to achieve a 25% to 50% leaching fraction. In Spring 1997 regardless of substrate water holding capacity, plants were irrigated weekly initially, then twice weekly later in the study when plants were larger. Fertilizer treatment did not affect plant size, but plant diameter and shoot and root dry weight decreased as substrate RP concentration increased in Fall 1996. All plant size parameters measured decreased as substrate RP concentration increased regardless of fertilizer treatment in Spring 1997. In Fall 1996, shoot and root N concentration increased as CRF decreased (and LF increased), but substrate RP concentration did not affect shoot or root N concentration. In Spring 1997, shoot and root N concentration generally decreased as substrate RP concentration increased with 50% CRF, 50% LF, or 100% LF. Leachate NO3--N, NH4+-N and total N generally increased as CRF decreased but decreased as substrate RP concentration increased in both years. Substrate volume and percentage of air space decreased, but bulk density increased, as RP concentration increased. Although N leaching decreased as substrate RP concentration increased in both years, reasonable plant growth occurred only in those substrates containing ≤50% RP.

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