scholarly journals Destructive mid- and long-term Side Effect of the Crisis: Rising Protectionism

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Durusoy
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Descriptive Property ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Arena

Finance based crisis with its effect felt in the second quarter of 2007 has acquired global characteristics, and taken held of many countries. Global crisis not only has worn down constructive opinions regarding global capitalism, which played an important role in shaping the 20 th, but it has also discredited market economies. Thus, in many countries, including the United States of America, public rescue package implementations have lead to more desirable state interventions.On the other hand, economic activities in the global arena following the crisis slowed down and it became more difficult for financial structures to exist, and reduction in global trade movements were observed.This situation has lead for countries to include protective policies against the crisis as well. In study, protective studies will be addresssed, which wear down the globalization acting as a descriptive property of both experimental and normative reality in the definition of the process we are currently experiencing. As the economic problems gradually increase, the kind of shapes trade constrictions and protective instincts illustrate themselves and possible results of this will be examined on a country basis (EURASİAN, USA, EU, OECD). Expecially, it will be examined whether protectionism is the right solition policy against the crisis on not, and then the degree of the effect of this policy in the drop experienced in the recent months in international trade will be addressed. Lastly, the type of measurements taken in the international arena regarding protectionism and suficiently of the measurements will be assessed.

scholarly journals Chasing the chimera

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth McK. Norrie
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Proposition 8 ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

During the 2008 US Presidential election, voters in California, as well as choosing a president, were asked to withdraw the right of same-sex couples to marry, the Californian Supreme Court having, six months previously, conferred that right by judicial decision.1 ‘Proposition 8’ aimed to restore the definition of marriage to its historical heterosexual limitations, and it passed, by a fairly narrow margin. The feature most remarkable to an outsider during the Proposition 8 campaign was the stunningly apocalyptical terms in which the debate was conducted, on both sides of the argument. The same-sex marriage debate is in the United States of America conducted in such venomous terms as to leave a European observer quite breathless. Nancy Polikoff’s latest book brings some calm to the discussion. It is a measured and thoughtful contribution to the debate and, though she does not directly address the question of why it is so much more contentious in the US than in other Western jurisdictions, her analysis does shed much light on that puzzling question. There are three main explanations that spring out of this engaging book.

scholarly journals Yahoo! And The Chinese Dissidents: A Case Study Of Trust, Values, And Clashing Cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Venezia ◽  
Chiulien C. Venezia
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Global Business Ethics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
Different Cultures

This case involves the global business ethics of two distinctly different cultures whose definition of human rights is embedded within their differing historical traditions. The Constitution of the United States guarantees individual rights for each of its citizens, including free speech and the right to petition the government. The People’s Republic of China traces its roots to the ancient tradition of Confucius and the Mandate of Heaven that advocated the Emperor’s responsibility to provide economic justice to instill social harmony. This perspective is echoed by the Communist’s party of the PRC with its insistence on the prohibition of public dissent.  How then should an American firm address these issues while remaining competitive in the global arena and should they be held responsible for abiding to foreign law? This case presents the ethical dilemma faced by democratic multinationals conducting business globally.

Populism and Liberal Democracy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takis S. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
The People ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Definition Of

Based on an original definition of modern populism as “democratic illiberalism” and many years of meticulous research, Takis Pappas marshals extraordinary empirical evidence from Argentina, Greece, Peru, Italy, Venezuela, Ecuador, Hungary, the United States, Spain, and Brazil to develop a comprehensive theory about populism. He addresses all key issues in the debate about populism and answers significant questions of great relevance for today’s liberal democracy, including: • What is modern populism and how can it be differentiated from comparable phenomena like nativism and autocracy? • Where in Latin America has populism become most successful? Where in Europe did it emerge first? Why did its rise to power in the United States come so late? • Is Trump a populist and, if so, could he be compared best with Venezuela’s Chávez, France’s Le Pens, or Turkey’s Erdoğan? • Why has populism thrived in post-authoritarian Greece but not in Spain? And why in Argentina and not in Brazil? • Can populism ever succeed without a charismatic leader? If not, what does leadership tell us about how to challenge populism? • Who are “the people” who vote for populist parties, how are these “made” into a group, and what is in their minds? • Is there a “populist blueprint” that all populists use when in power? And what are the long-term consequences of populist rule? • What does the expansion, and possibly solidification, of populism mean for the very nature and future of contemporary democracy? Populism and Liberal Democracy will change the ways the reader understands populism and imagines the prospects of liberal democracy.

Weighting of Votes in an International Assembly

1944 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis B. Sohn
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
World Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
World Organization ◽  
The Right

All the plans for future world organization, whether they envisage a world government or are limited to providing agencies for better collaboration between the peoples of the world, are built around two main conceptions—a small council and a larger assembly. But the different plans disagree widely upon the powers and the make-up of these bodies. The purpose of the present article is to analyze the difficulties relating to the structure of the larger body, the assembly, and to outline a tentative method for surmounting them.The structure of the different international organizations existing in the past was based on two principles: equality of representation and unanimity. That meant, first of all, that in the assemblies of nations the United States of America (population, 131 million) and Luxemburg (population, 300 thousand) had the right of equal representation. For instance, in the Conferences of the International Labor Organization, both countries have been equally entitled to appoint four delegates. Secondly, when an international assembly has tried to arrive at a Decision, not only the largest but also the smallest country could block such a Decision by casting a negative vote. While sometimes a little country has been forcibly persuaded to abandon its opposition, in many instances small countries have been able to frustrate the efforts of international assemblies and conferences otherwise unanimous.

scholarly journals Warranty of Misinforming as an Option in Product Utilization Process

10.28945/3501 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Grozdanov Christozov ◽  
Stefanka Chukova ◽  
Plamen S. Mateev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Strike Price ◽  
Underlying Asset ◽  
Learning Function ◽  
Time To Learn ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The following definition of “option” is given in Wikipedia - “In finance, an option is a contract which gives the buyer (the owner or holder) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the form of the option.”. Option as a risk management (mitigation) tool is broadly used in finance and trades. At the same time it introduces asymmetry in the sense that, probabilistically, it limits the level of loses (i.e., the price of option) and allows for unlimited gains. In the market of sophisticate devices (as smart phones, tablets, etc.), where technologies are rapidly advancing, customers usually do not have the experience to use all features of the device at the time of purchasing. Due to the lack of appropriate expertise, the risk of misinforming leading to not purchasing the "right" device is high, but given enough time to learn the capabilities of the device and map them to the problems faced could provide the client with substantial long term benefits. Warranty of misinforming is the mechanism to provide the client with the opportunity to explore the device and master its features with a limited risk of loses. Thus, the warranty of misinforming could be considered as an option - the customers buys it (at a fixed cost) and may gain (theoretically) unlimited benefit by realizing (within the warranty) that the device can be used to solve variety of problems not considered at the purchase time. The paper investigates the learning function of warranty of misinforming, when used as an option.

scholarly journals Perfil biográfico de Juan Byron Markholz.

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso MONTAGNE V
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

The life of Dr. Juan Byron fills of pride the history of medicine of our nation. Peruvian by birth, he lived in Lima during the second half of the IXI century. Survivor of the war against Chile where his knowledge saved many lives, he was the founder of the medical society “Union Fernandina” and of its journal “Crónica Médica”. Journalist, author of dramas, meteorologist, poliglot, bacteriologist and epidemiologist, researcher and teacher of great prestige in the United States of America and a martyr of medicine. None the less this has not been enough spread. Being close to the centennial of his dead (8th May 1,995), I believe it is the right time to make known the most important aspects of his life.

scholarly journals GOOD FAITH IN FRANCHISE CONTRACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Nurli Yaacob ◽  
Nasri Naiimi
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Relational Contracts ◽  
Law System ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Term Contract ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

Good faith has been defined as justice, fairness, reasonableness, decency, taking no chances, and so on. The concept of good faith has long been rooted in contract law under the jurisdiction of Civil law, although the definition of it is still debated until today. However, the view of the Common Law tradition does not recognize the concept of good faith as long as the contract is entered into with the freedom of contract and both parties abide by the terms of the contract. Given that a franchise contract involves a long-term contract and always been developed, it is impossible to define both rights and responsibilities base on express terms only. As such, the franchise contract gives the franchisor the right to exercise its discretion in executing the contract. It is in this context that the element of good faith is very important to ensure that the franchisor does not take advantage of the franchisee and that the business continues to prosper. Therefore, the objective of this article is to discuss the concept of good faith in a franchise contract. The findings show that the common law system that initially rejected the application of the concept of good faith also changed its approach and began to recognize the concept of good faith as it is very important for relational contracts such as franchise contracts.

scholarly journals The right to medical care and its economic consequences: an American dilemma

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-327
Author(s):  
José Duarte de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Right To Health Care ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Right

The concepts of "rights" and of "right to health care" including its evolution in modern times are discussed. The consequences of implementing this right are discussed in economic terms, regarding the situation in the United States of America. A discussion is also included on the limitations of the role of Health Insurance as a measure to solve the problem of providing health care for all individuals.

scholarly journals TRADITIONAL FARMERS OR MODERN BUSINESSMEN? RELIGIOUS DIFFERENTIATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A KLEINE GEMEINDE MENNONITE COMMUNITY IN BELIZE

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAREL ROESSINGH ◽  
AMBER SCHOONDERWOERD
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economical System ◽  
Cayo District ◽  
Different Levels

This article addresses the religious and entrepreneurial differentiation within Spanish Lookout, a Mennonite community in the Cayo district in Belize, Central America. In spite of the fact that most Mennonites live more or less on the edge of society, they have been able to establish a strong and stable economic position within Belize, although the different communities show a clear variation when it comes to social as well as in economic activities. Since their migration from Mexico to Belize in 1958, the Mennonites of Spanish Lookout, one of the modern communities, have developed a more differentiated economical system with commercial agriculture and agribusiness. The Mennonites maintain a remarkable transnational network, which consists of Mennonite communities and organizations in countries like Canada, the United States of America, and Mexico. These networks introduce innovations on different levels: from modern or better machines, to religious and social changes. The influences from Mennonites outside Belize on the social-economic system of the Spanish Lookout Mennonites, along with the developments within the community, will be the main focus of this article.

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