scholarly journals Selection of resistant plants for the biotic stage of the recultivation of the dump of the Central concentrating mill "Chervonogradska" (Lviv region)

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
S. Beshley ◽  
R. Sokhanchak ◽  
V. Baranov ◽  
L. Karpinets
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigeios ◽  
Actual Acidity ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Central Concentration ◽  
Selection Of

The properties of the substrate and microclimate conditions were analyzed on various elements of the mesorelief of the dump of Central concentration mill "Chervonogradska". The most adverse conditions were found at the top of the dump and its terraces due to high intensity of lighting, temperature, high content of heavy metals in substrates and their actual acidity. It was shown that Pinus sylvestris L. is a promising species for the biotic recultivation stage for terraces of dumps. We recommended to use perennial grass root species of plants, e.g. Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., for recultivation a slopes of dumps. The Petasites hibridus L. and Phragmites australis Cav. Trin ex Steud. are offered for the renovation of the bases and microhardness of the dumps with sufficient moisture. The high remediation ability of plants and their affiliation by the environmental groups to heliophytes, thermophiles, acidophiles, oligotrophes and xeromezophytes are the main requirements for reclamation plants on the non-renovated dumps.

A brief review on the erosion-corrosion behavior of engineering materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Kuruvila ◽  
S. Thirumalai Kumaran ◽  
M. Adam Khan ◽  
M. Uthayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Erosion Corrosion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe efficiency of industry depends upon the working conditions of the equipment and components used in the industrial process. The biggest problems faced by the industries are the problems of erosion and corrosion. The harmful effects of corrosion will lead to material loss, which results from the degradation of the equipment. The degradation of the equipment will cause the breakdown of the plant; moreover, it is a threat to the safety of people, and also from the point of conservation, it can cause the exploitation of available resources. The cost of replacing equipment increases the expense, and it can also result in the temporary shutdown of the plant. The protection of surfaces from the adverse effects of corrosion and erosion-corrosion is a matter of great concern in most industrial applications. Advancements in technology provides a wide range of techniques to overcome adverse conditions. The selection of appropriate technology must be from the viewpoint of their interaction with the environment. This review paper addresses the adverse effects of erosion-corrosion in the present scenario.

Evolution of Glyphosate-Resistant Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Vila-Aiub ◽  
Maria C. Balbi ◽  
Pedro E. Gundel ◽  
Claudio M. Ghersa ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

In Argentinean crop fields, weed control is mainly achieved by intense use of glyphosate as a nonselective and/or selective herbicide. Glyphosate use is very high as more than 95% of the 16 million ha soybean crop consists of glyphosate-resistant cultivars, always treated with this herbicide. From initial success, inconsistent glyphosate control of Johnsongrass, an invading C4 perennial grass of soybean crops, has become evident to producers from northern Argentina over the last 3 yr. Prior to this, glyphosate provided good control. This study evaluated the nature of these recurrent glyphosate failures in Johnsongrass. Experiments conducted with Johnsongrass plants obtained from seed and rhizome phytomers collected from fields with intense glyphosate use history showed that these populations showed differential survival and biomass productivity when glyphosate treated than Johnsongrass plants obtained from similar propagules collected from field sites with no history of glyphosate use. This empirical evidence establishes that the Johnsongrass survival in glyphosate-treated transgenic soybean fields from northern Argentina is due to evolved glyphosate resistance.

scholarly journals Aquaporins in regulation of plant protective responses to drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
I.I. Ovrutska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transmembrane Proteins ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Integral Indicator

Plasmolemma permeability is an integral indicator of the functional state of plant cells under stress. Aquaporins (AQPs), specialized transmembrane proteins that form water channels and play an important role in the adaptation of plants to adverse conditions and, in particular, to lack or excess of water, are involved in the formation of the response to drought. The main function of AQPs is to facilitate the movement of water across cell membranes and maintain aqueous cell homeostasis. Under stressful conditions, there is both an increase and decrease in the expression of individual aquaporin genes. Analysis of the data revealed differences in the expression of AQPs genes in stable and sensitive plant genotypes. It turned out that aquaporins in different stress-resistant varieties of the same species also respond differently to drought. The review provides brief information on the history of the discovery of aquaporins, the structure and function of these proteins, summarizes the latest information on the role of aquaporins in the regulation of metabolism and the response of plants to stressors, with particular emphasis on aquaporins in drought protection. The discovery and study of AQPs expands the possibilities of using genetic engineering methods for the selection of new plant species, in particular, more resistant to drought and salinization of the soil, as well as to increase their productivity. The use of aquaporins in biotechnology to improve drought resistance of various species has many prospects.

scholarly journals Transcriptome assembly and annotation of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) rhizomes identifies candidate rhizome-specific genes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Ryder ◽  
Kevin M. Dorn ◽  
Mark Huitsing ◽  
Micah Adams ◽  
Jeff Ploegstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Perennial Grain ◽  
Rhizome Development

AbstractRhizomes facilitate the wintering and vegetative propagation of many perennial grasses. Sorghum halepense (johnsongrass) is an aggressive perennial grass that relies on a robust rhizome system to persist through winters and reproduce asexually from its rootstock nodes. This study aimed to sequence and assemble expressed transcripts within the johnsongrass rhizome. A de novo transcriptome assembly was generated from a single johnsongrass rhizome meristem tissue sample. A total of 141,176 probable protein-coding sequences from the assembly were identified and assigned gene ontology terms using Blast2GO. The johnsongrass assembly was compared to Sorghum bicolor, a related non-rhizomatous species, along with an assembly of similar rhizome tissue from the perennial grain crop Thinopyrum intermedium. The presence/absence analysis yielded a set of 259 johnsongrass contigs that are likely associated with rhizome development.

Integrated Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Management in Field Corn (Zea mays) with Reduced Rates of Nicosulfuron and Cultivation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Rosales-Robles ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
Eric P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Rhizome Biomass

Johnsongrass, a tall, coarse, perennial grass, is the second most common and troublesome weed in field corn in Texas. Field experiments were conducted in 1996 to 1998 to evaluate an integrated johnsongrass management program in bedded and irrigated field corn. Nicosulfuron at 26.3 g ai/ha applied banded over the row to 50% of the planted area plus one cultivation resulted in johnsongrass control of aboveground and rhizome biomass and in corn yield comparable to the labeled rate (35 g ai/ha) when applied two consecutive years in the same plots. This treatment reduced cost 27% and reduced herbicide input 62% compared to nicosulfuron applied broadcast at labeled rate without cultivation. Economic benefits of this johnsongrass management program are promising for field corn producers.

Germination biology of four climatically varied populations of the invasive species African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula)

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jason Roberts ◽  
Singarayer Florentine ◽  
Eddie van Etten ◽  
Christopher Turville
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract African lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] is a highly invasive C4 perennial grass that threatens global biodiversity. Appropriate management of this species has been hampered by a lack of knowledge concerning its seed ecology, resulting in significant economic and environmental impacts within various environments. Consequently, this study explored the effects of a selection of environmental factors (photoperiod, alternating temperature, pH, and salinity) by analyzing several measures of germination on four geographically distinct populations of E. curvula to assist in its extirpation from infested sites. Seeds were collected in Australia from Maffra and Shepparton, VIC; Tenterfield, NSW; and Midvale, WA. Key results showed that seeds from Maffra (54% vs. 79%), Tenterfield (38% vs. 61%), and Shepparton (34% vs. 71%) had significantly reduced germination in complete darkness compared with an alternating 12-h light and 12-h dark photoperiod, whereas Midvale had consistent germination (91% vs. 99%). Temperatures between 17/7 C reduced germination for Maffra (42% vs. 73%), Tenterfield (34% vs. 55%), and Shepparton (33% vs. 59%) compared with the mean of all other temperature combinations, whereas Midvale had consistent germination. Furthermore, germination for all populations was consistent between pH 4 and 9. For salinity, germination was significantly reduced at ≥100 mM for Maffra (29% vs. 67%), ≥150 mM for Tenterfield (29% vs. 94%) and Shepparton (39.5% vs. 81.5%), and 250 mM for Midvale (39% vs. 82%) compared with the mean of all other concentrations. Although each trial was conducted independently, the data can be used to generate species-targeted management. Such strategies include maintaining high levels of quarantine and hygiene programs to avoid future spread; where practical, applying light-limiting strategies (mulching, tilling, or scraping) for the Maffra, Tenterfield, and Shepparton populations; and maintaining management efforts year-round, as the species can germinate under a wide range of conditions.

scholarly journals Agroforestry and Biodiversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith P. Udawatta ◽  
Lalith Rankoth ◽  
Shibu Jose
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Heterogeneous Vegetation

Declining biodiversity (BD) is aecting food security, agricultural sustainability,and environmental quality. Agroforestry (AF) is recognized as a possible partial solution forBD conservation and improvement. This manuscript uses published peer-reviewed manuscripts,reviews, meta-analysis, and federal and state agency documents to evaluate relationships betweenAF and BD and how AF can be used to conserve BD. The review revealed that floral, faunal, and soilmicrobial diversity were significantly greater in AF as compared to monocropping, adjacent croplands, and within crop alleys and some forests. Among the soil organisms, arbuscular mycorrhizaefungi (AMF), bacteria, and enzyme activities were significantly greater in AF than crop and livestockpractices. Agroforestry also creates spatially concentrated high-density BD near trees due to favorablesoil-plant-water-microclimate conditions. The greater BD was attributed to heterogeneous vegetation,organic carbon, microclimate, soil conditions, and spatial distribution of trees. Dierences in BDbetween AF and other management types diminished with time. Evenly distributed leaves, litter,roots, dead/live biological material, and microclimate improve soil and microclimate in adjacentcrop and pasture areas as the system matures. Results of the study prove that integration of AFcan improve BD in agricultural lands. Selection of site suitable tree/shrub/grass-crop combinationscan be used to help address soil nutrient deficiencies or environmental conditions. Future studieswith standardized management protocols may be needed for all regions to further strengthen thesefindings and to develop AF establishment criteria for BD conservation and agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and evaluation of its fruits usability as biologically valuable food

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evica Mratinic ◽  
Milica Fotiric
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Colored Matter ◽  
Selection Of

To carry out domestication, five genotypes (B1, B2, R, VG and RK) were isolated from natural populations by selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The most prominent biological-technological characteristics were studied during fruit flowering and ripening. Flowering proceeded in the period from mid-April to the 1st decade of June, while ripening lasted from the 1st decade of August to the 1st decade of October. The largest inflorescences were found in genotype R (14.32 cm in diameter). The highest number of berries per inflorescence (on average, 280), the largest berry (on average, 0.21 g), and the best fruit quality (17.19% dry matter, 11.50% sugars, 35 mg vitamin C, and 2.58 g/l total colored matter) were all demonstrated by genotype VG. In all isolated genotypes fruit demonstrated biologically high quality, which makes it a good raw material desirable for diverse forms of processing. Its high yield level, pronounced resistance to disease agents and pests, as well as adaptability to adverse conditions are a recommendation for organic-based production.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF PERENNIAL GRASSES ON CULTIVATED AND UNCULTIVATED LAND

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1078d-1078
Author(s):  
Bakir A. Al-Juboory
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Uncultivated Land

This experiment was conducted to determine effects of herbicides on the control of noxious perennial grass weeds. The results indicate that the rate, timing, duration and number of applications employed were the major factors in the successful control of perennial grass weeds such as Cogon Grass (Imperala cylindrica), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon), Nut Grass (Cyperus rotundus) and Common Red (Phragmites spp.), commonly found in Iraq growing both in cultivated fields and wild on uncultivated land.

scholarly journals Use and Selection of Sap Trees by Yellow-Bellied Sapsuckers

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie S. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius) obtain phloem sap from clusters of holes that they peck in living trees. I examined trees that sapsuckers used for sap extraction in northern Michigan and tested several hypotheses to explain why they choose specific trees for attack and why they cluster their holes in one place on the bole of each of these focal trees. Sapsuckers preferentially attacked individuals of paper birch (Betula papyrifera), red maple (Acer rubrum), juneberry (Amelanchier sp.) and bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata). They made clusters of sap holes an average of 7.13 m from the ground and within 1 m of a live branch; most clusters were located above old holes or other wounds from previous years. Each new sap incision through the bark to the phloem stream was made above a previous one and was enlarged for an average of 3.1 days before being abandoned for a new, higher hole. The resulting long vertical chains of holes were made alongside others to form tight clusters of holes at a single spot on the tree. Sapsuckers did not select trees for sap extraction based on location relative to nesting sites or on microclimate conditions of water availability and tree density. Individual trees used for sap extraction did not have thinner bark, more moisture in bark samples, or larger crowns, but they did score lower in an index of overall tree health. Experimental evidence suggested that sapsuckers cluster their holes to induce the accumulation of sap in bark that they will attack for future sap extraction. Thus, sapsuckers appear to overcome some of the difficulties in obtaining phloem sap by choosing specific species and individuals, clustering sap holes above previous wounds, and possibly by farming their resource throughout the season by girdling the tree's phloem stream with each successive sap incision. I attempted to duplicate the wounding techniques and patterns of wounding of sapsuckers but was unable to induce sap flow from the same or similar trees in the area.

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