Evolution of Glyphosate-Resistant Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

In Argentinean crop fields, weed control is mainly achieved by intense use of glyphosate as a nonselective and/or selective herbicide. Glyphosate use is very high as more than 95% of the 16 million ha soybean crop consists of glyphosate-resistant cultivars, always treated with this herbicide. From initial success, inconsistent glyphosate control of Johnsongrass, an invading C4 perennial grass of soybean crops, has become evident to producers from northern Argentina over the last 3 yr. Prior to this, glyphosate provided good control. This study evaluated the nature of these recurrent glyphosate failures in Johnsongrass. Experiments conducted with Johnsongrass plants obtained from seed and rhizome phytomers collected from fields with intense glyphosate use history showed that these populations showed differential survival and biomass productivity when glyphosate treated than Johnsongrass plants obtained from similar propagules collected from field sites with no history of glyphosate use. This empirical evidence establishes that the Johnsongrass survival in glyphosate-treated transgenic soybean fields from northern Argentina is due to evolved glyphosate resistance.

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Antihypertensive Efficacy of Fixed Combination of Amlodipine and Ramipril in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Very High Cardiovascular Risk

Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology ◽

10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6-840-845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 840-845

Author(s):

O. Yu. Korennova ◽

S. P. Podolnaya ◽

E. P. Prihodko ◽

E. A. Turusheva ◽

S. N. Starinskaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Fixed Combination ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Antihypertensive Efficacy ◽

High Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Coronary Artery Stenting ◽

History Of ◽

Very High

Aim. To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of amlodipine and ramipril in hypertensive patients with very high cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study of real clinical practice of prescribing antihypertensive drugs according to 255 medical records of outpatient hypertensive patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and coronary artery stenting was performed in the first part. An open observational study was performed in the second part. 69 people older than 18 years with a history of ACS and coronary artery stenting, without reaching the target blood pressure (BP) level while using free combinations of antihypertensive drugs and with indications for a fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine were included into the study. Analysis of self-monitoring of BP, office BP, daily BP monitoring (ABPM) and patients’ adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green test) initially, after 4 and after 12 weeks of taking the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine was performed to assess the clinical efficacy of the studied drug. Results. It was found that 42.0% of patients did not follow the recommendations for regular intake of antihypertensive drugs. So, hypertension of all patients regarded as false-refractory, which was the basis for the prescription of the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine in accordance with clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. After 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant decrease in office BP with the achievement and preservation of the target level by the 12th week, normalization to the 12th week of day and night BP variability in 54.9% of patients. 78.0% of patients followed medical recommendations for regular administration of antihypertensive drugs, none of the patients had adverse events. Conclusion. The use of fixed combinations of drugs, in particular, amlodipine and ramipril as a part of multicomponent therapy in hypertensive patients with very high cardiovascular risk, led to the achievement of target BP by the 4th week of therapy and stable preservation of antihypertensive effect in 12 weeks of treatment as well as gradual normalization of day and night BP variability in more than half of patients. Fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine allowed to improve adherence of patients to cardiovascular diseases.

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AB0420 RISK OF DEVELOPING TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1510.2-1510

Author(s):

L. Kondrateva ◽

T. Popkova ◽

E. Nasonov ◽

A. Lila

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Control Group ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

History Of ◽

Systemic Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Very High

Background:Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have higher than in general population prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of developing type 2 DM, however routine measurement of insulin levels for DM risk assessment is uncomfortable in daily clinical practice. International Diabetes Federation recommends the use of patient questionnaires to quickly identify people who may be at a higher risk of DM development.Objectives:To determine the 10-years risk of developing type 2 DM in SLE patients using dedicated questionnaire - Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form (FINDRISK) data.Methods:The study included 92 SLE patients without DM (83 women, 9 men, 39 [34; 47] years old). The median disease duration was 6 [2,14] years, SLEDAI-2K was 4[2;8]. SLE pts were treated with glucocorticoids (GC) (89%) and hydroxychloroquine (78%), immunosuppressive drugs (28%) and biological agents (10%). The control group consisted of 88 subjects without systemic rheumatic diseases, inflammatory arthritis or DM, matched by age and sex with SLE patients. Eight items of FINDRISK questionnaire (age, overweight, abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, eating habits, history of antihypertensive drugs treatment, history of hyperglycemia) were taken into account to calculate the total risk score (TS). The risk of developing DM within following 10 years is regarded as low (1%) or slightly elevated (4%) with TS ≤11 points, as moderate (17%), high (33%) or very high (50%) with TS ≥12 points.Results:The risk of developing DM was low or slightly elevated in 65 (71%) SLE pts and moderate, high or very high in 27 (29%) pts. The difference was significant compared with the control group, in which 76 (86%) subjects had a low or slightly elevated risk and 12 (14%) had a moderate, high or very high risk (p=0,01). The number of risk factors (4[2;5]) and the median TS of SLE pts (9[5;12] points) were higher than values in control subjects (3[2,4] factors and 6[3;9] points, respectively) (p<0,01 for both). DM risk factors profiles were similar in two groups, except for higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (66% vs 41%, p<0,01) and history of antihypertensive drugs treatment (57% vs 17%, p<0,01) in SLE. There were positive correlations between TS and CRP levels (r=0,25, p=0,02), SLICC (r=0,36, p<0,01), HAQ (r=0,29, p<0,01), and negative correlations between TS and SLEDAI-2K (r= -0,32, p<0,01), glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI (r=-0,23, p=0,03). Current GC use had no influence on TS values in SLE.Conclusion:Patients with SLE were more likely than individuals without systemic rheumatic diseases to have a moderate, high and very high risk of developing DM, and therefore, required interventions to prevent the metabolic disease. Increased risk of developing DM was associated with most common traditional factors, especially by abdominal obesity and regular use of antihypertensive drugs that can be considered a kind of equivalent to the presence of hypertension. Curtain contribution of inflammation, lupus activity and irreversible damage index can’t be ignored. Clarification of SLE-specific phenomena in DM pathogenesis requires further research.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

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Multi-Locus Selection and the Structure of Variation at the white Gene of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/144.2.635 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 144 (2) ◽

pp. 635-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David A Kirby ◽

Wolfgang Stephan

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

White Gene ◽

Transcriptional Unit ◽

North American Population ◽

Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽

Locus Selection ◽

Neutral Equilibrium ◽

History Of ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

Abstract We surveyed sequence variation and divergence for the entire 5972-bp transcriptional unit of the white gene in 15 lines of Drosophila melanogaster and one line of D. simulans. We found a very high degree of haplotypic structuring for the polymorphisms in the 3′ half of the gene, as opposed to the polymorphisms in the 5′ half. To determine the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for this pattern, we sequenced a 1612-bp segment of the white gene from an additional 33 lines of D. melanogaster from a European and a North American population. This 1612-bp segment encompasses an 834bp region of the white gene in which the polymorphisms form high frequency haplotypes that cannot be explained by a neutral equilibrium model of molecular evolution. The small number of recombinants in the 834bp region suggests epistatic selection as the cause of the haplotypic structuring, while an investigation of nucleotide diversity supports a directional selection hypothesis. A multi-locus selection model that combines features from both-hypotheses and takes the recent history of D. melanogaster into account may be the best explanation for these data.

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Prediction of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

N Pogosova ◽

NP Kachanova ◽

YM Yufereva ◽

OY Sokolova ◽

IE Koltunov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Ct Angiography ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Diagnostic Model ◽

History Of ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Very High

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Coronary atherosclerosis has a long subclinical period. It’s early detection may offer a possibility of timely initiation of preventive interventions Purpose To develop a diagnostic rule for detection of patients (pts) with high probability of subclinical atherosclerosis among those with high or very high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 52 pts (32 men [62%]), aged 40 to 65 years [mean age 54.6 ± 8.0]) with high or very high CV risk (5-9 and ≥10% by The Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation Scale [SCORE], respectively). All participants underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography and calcium scoring. Traditional risk factors (RFs) (family history of premature CVD, smoking, overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, lipids parameters (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides) and lipids-related markers (apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio), biomarkers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs CRP], fibrinogen), indicator carbohydrate metabolism (glucose), ankle-brachial index, stress-test, carotid plaques according to ultrasound were evaluated in all pts. Psychological RFs were evaluated using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and DS-14 for type D personality. Results All pts were divided into 2 groups according to the CT angiography results: pts in the main group (n = 21) had any non-obstructive lesions or calcium score >0, pts in the control group (n = 31) had intact coronary arteries. The groups did not differ in age or gender. 26 multiple linear logistic models for any subclinical atherosclerosis were developed based on obtained diagnostic features. Taking into account R-square = 0.344 (p = 0.0008), the best fitting model was follows: subclinical coronary atherosclerosis= -1.576 + 0.234 x SCORE ≥5% + 0.541 x hs CRP >2 g/l + 0.015 x heart rate (bpm) + 0.311 family history of premature CVD. The developed algorithm had sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 80%. Conclusions The created diagnostic model diagnostic model suggests the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in patients with high / very high CV risk with a high degree of probability. This easy-to-use method can be used in routine clinical practice to improve risk stratification and management choices in high-risk pts.

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Chemical control of potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.), in Rhodesia

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s000748530004997x ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 271-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Margaret E. Richardson ◽

D. J. W. Rose

Keyword(s):

Chemical Control ◽

Good Control ◽

Field Trials ◽

Phthorimaea Operculella ◽

Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽

Control Field ◽

Azinphos Methyl ◽

History Of ◽

New Compounds ◽

Made In

An account is given of the history of chemical control Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.) in potato fields in Rhodesia since the introduction of DDt prior to 1952. The failure of DDT and endrin, in routine spraying, to control field infestations is reproted, and some evidence that this is due to insecticide resistance is given. The results of critical field trials made in 1961, 1964 and 1965 to evaluate a range of insecticides for control of P. operculella and for their effects on populations of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos.) are presented, together with the results of some laboratory tests. Good control of P. operculella in the field was obtained with sprays of azinphos-methyl at the rate of 0.5 lb active ingredient in 20 gal. water per acre, and two new compounds, methidathion and chlorfenvinphos, showed promise for the future.

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Abstract P019: A Single Model For Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events In Individuals With And Without History Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (aric) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yejin Mok ◽

Lena Mathews ◽

Ron C Hoogeveen ◽

Michael J Blaha ◽

Christie M Ballantyne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Stratification ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Single Model ◽

History Of ◽

Very High

Background: In the 2018 AHA/ACC Cholesterol guideline, risk stratification is an essential element. The use of a Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) is recommended for individuals without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and the new dichotomous classification of very high-risk vs. high-risk has been introduced for patients with ASCVD. These distinct risk stratification systems mainly rely on traditional risk factors, raising the possibility that a single model can predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in persons with and without ASCVD. Methods: We studied 11,335 ARIC participants with (n=885) and without (n=10,450) a history of ASCVD (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and symptomatic peripheral artery disease) at baseline (1996-98). We modeled factors in the PCE and the new classification for ASCVD patients (Figure legend) in a single CVD prediction model. We examined their associations with MACEs (myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) using Cox models and evaluated the discrimination and calibration for a single model including those factors. Results: During a median follow-up of 18.4 years, there were 3,658 MACEs (3,105 in participants without ASCVD). In general, the factors in the PCE and the risk classification system for ASCVD patients were associated similarly with MACEs regardless of baseline ASCVD status, although age and systolic blood pressure showed significant interactions. A single model with these predictors and the relevant interaction terms showed good calibration and discrimination for those with and without ASCVD (c-statistic=0.729 and 0.704, respectively) (Figure). Conclusion: A single CVD prediction model performed well in persons with and without ASCVD. This approach will provide a specific predicted risk to ASCVD patients (instead of dichotomy of very high vs. high risk) and eliminate a practice gap between primary vs. secondary prevention due to different risk prediction tools.

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CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD – A GOOD WORD FOR MILK1

Journal of Milk and Food Technology ◽

10.4315/0022-2747-25.7.216 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 216-218

Author(s):

Frank V. Kosikowski

Keyword(s):

Monitoring System ◽

Good Control ◽

Antibiotic Residues ◽

Milk Supply ◽

The Past ◽

Chemical Residues ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Good Word

The situation regarding chemical residues in our country's milk supply is perhaps the most favorable for a number of years. Good control has been achieved over the incidence and concentration of antibiotic residues, levels of pesticides in milk have been reduced, and although radionuclides in food are related partly to bomb testing, nevertheless, our expanding monitoring system, which is keeping us well informed, indicates no cause for alarm. Despite all the past clamor, the milk supplies of the U. S. A. are among the purest and safest in the world now or at any period of time in the history of mankind.

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Characteristics of Three Person-to-Person Transmission Clusters of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Southeastern China

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0366 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mingyong Tao ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Feng Ling ◽

Rong Zhang ◽

Xuguang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Close Contact ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Secondary Case ◽

Southeastern China ◽

History Of ◽

Severe Fever ◽

Very High ◽

Index Cases

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease worldwide. It can be transmitted from person to person, and the fatality rate is very high. During this study, three SFTS clusters including 12 associated cases were identified in three counties in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2020. The median age of the three index patients was 70 years, and that of secondary case patients was 59 years. Of note, the mortality rate of the index patients was 100%. The mortality rate of secondary case patients was 11%. The total secondary attack rate (SAR) was 30% (9/30). The SARs of cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C were 38% (3/8), 21% (3/14), and 38% (3/8), respectively. Additionally, the interval from onset to diagnosis was 4 days. The intervals from disease onset to confirmation of the index cases and secondary cases were 7 days and 4 days, respectively. All secondary case patients had a history of close contact with blood or body fluids of the index patients. These results indicate that SFTS patients should not be discharged until recovery. When SFTS patients die, the corpses should be transferred directly from the hospital to the crematorium for cremation by persons wearing proper protective equipment to prevent virus transmission.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ARCHETYPE

BULLETIN Series Psychology ◽

10.51889/2020-3.1728-7847.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 90-93

Author(s):

S. B. Yerzhanova ◽

◽

K. K. Baidetova ◽

Keyword(s):

Collective Unconscious ◽

Russian Scientist ◽

Original Source ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

History Of ◽

Scientific Significance ◽

Very High ◽

Archetypal Images

In our article, we paid attention to the history of the concept of archetype, studied and analyzed the concepts of archetypal plot, motive, and stopped at its place in literature, mythology, psychology, and culture. We paid special attention to the work of the Swiss scientist-psychologist C. G. Jung, who introduced the term archetype into science and studied it in psychological, philosophical, and cultural aspects. Having identified the first archetypal images shown by Jung, we made an analysis, giving importance to the role of the concept of" collective unconscious " in the archetype. In addition, we determined the scientific significance of philological research. The concepts of archetypal plot and archetypal motif introduced by the Russian scientist Meletensky were defined, and examples of archetypal motifs and plots in mythology were given. We have analyzed the concepts of myth and archetype, citing the scientific justifications in the literature. The development of the mythical motif in the works of modern Kazakh writers requires a detailed study of the concept of archetype. At all times, literature cannot separate itself from its original source – myth. Since the Archetype is closely related to mythology, we believe that the importance of this topic is very high today.

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Domestic Service in Australia. By B. W. Higman. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2002. Pp. xvi, 358.

The Journal of Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0022050703361807 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 269-270

Author(s):

Pamela Sharpe

Keyword(s):

Recent Work ◽

Women's Work ◽

Domestic Service ◽

Cambridge University ◽

Women’S Work ◽

Remote Station ◽

History Of ◽

Service Jobs ◽

Women In The Workforce ◽

Very High

When I first arrived in Australia as a backpacker in the mid-1980s my job possibilities included negotiating a job as a governess on a remote station through an agency, and, when a café proprietor offered me a job, just a few minutes later finding myself alone in her house confronting a vast mound of laundry and other housework with no terms discussed and no prospect of lunch. I had applied to be a waitress but I felt like a slave. I did not know much about Australia or service jobs at that stage and neither of these positions stuck. I never worked in a bar although the Aussie barmaid might best illustrate the Australian stereotype of female service as Dianne Kirkby has shown in her recent work (Barmaids: A History of Women's Work in Pubs, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1997). It is interesting to place such experiences in the context of Barry Higman's excellent new book. For all the male and macho impressions of the pioneering male conquering the alien landscape of the outback, in fact colonial Australia had a very high proportion of women in the workforce. Yet the concept of service somehow sits oddly with the egalitarianism of Australian culture.

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