scholarly journals Flexural behavior of flat and folded geopolymer ferrocement panels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmar Sakkarai ◽  
◽  
Nagan Soundarapandian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Strength Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resting Period

This paper presents the impact of fiber and wire mesh layers on the strength behavior of flat as well as folded fly ash-based geopolymer ferrocement panels. The behavior, including flexural strength, ductility, stiffness, and cracking patterns are observed. With an objective of decreasing CO2 emissions, the concrete utilizes wastes such as fly ash disposed by industrial sectors. Six panels (three flat and three folded) were cast utilizing fly ash dependent geopolymer mortar of size 1000mm x 400mm x 30mm. Heat curing in a temperature-controlled chamber maintaining 75○C to 80○C for 24 hours was done after 24 hours of resting period. The experimental results indicated that the flexural strength got enhanced by 33 percent by increasing the quantity of wire mesh layers, but the ductility got decreased by 30 percent for the flat panels; however, there was no noticeable impact in case of folded panels. The flexural strength of folded panels was found to be three times greater than that of flat panels. In addition, it is noticed that the behavior of fiber reinforced flat as well as folded panels of single layer mesh is stronger than double layer wire mesh panels with regard to cracking and ultimate load. The energy absorbed at failure was directly proportional to the volume of the reinforcement provided in the panels.

scholarly journals Strength Behavior of Flat and Folded Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Ferrocement Panels under Flexure and Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dharmar Sakkarai ◽  
Nagan Soundarapandian
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Strength Behavior ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the impact of fiber and wire mesh layers on the strength behavior of flat as well as folded fly ash-based geopolymer ferrocement panels. The behaviors, namely, flexural strength, impact strength, ductility, stiffness, and cracking patterns, are observed. With the objective of decreasing CO2 emissions, concrete utilizes wastes such as fly ash disposed by industrial sectors. Six panels (three flat and three folded) were cast utilizing a fly ash-dependent geopolymer mortar of size 1000 mm × 400 mm × 30 mm in addition to two panels of each type for the impact study. Heat curing in a temperature-controlled chamber maintaining 75°C to 80°C for 24 hours was done after 24 hours of the resting period. The experimental results indicated that the flexural strength got enhanced by 33 percent by increasing the quantity of wire mesh layers, but the ductility got decreased by 30 percent for the flat panels; however, there was no noticeable impact in the case of folded panels. The flexural strength of the folded panel was found to be three times greater than that of the flat panels. In addition, it is noticed that the behavior of the fiber-reinforced flat as well as folded panels of single layer mesh is stronger than the double layer wire mesh panels regarding cracking and ultimate load. Furthermore, the impact strength of the folded panels was found to be 90% greater than that of flat panels, and the energy absorbed at failure was directly proportional to the volume of reinforcement provided in the panels. Moreover, the failure pattern of the impact tested specimens showed punching shear as the predominant factor.

scholarly journals Impact Strength of Ferrocement Panel under Low Velocity Impact Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Darshan G. Gaidhankar ◽  
Mohammad Omid Naqshbandi ◽  
M. S. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
The Impact

The capability to absorb energy, often called as toughness, is of importance in actual service conditions of mesh reinforced composites, when they may be subjected to static, dynamic and fatigue loads. Toughness evaluated under impact loads is the impact strength. The toughness of materials are determined by two methods, (i) by measuring deformation under impact load, (ii) by determining energy adsorption capacity of materials under impact load. Several methods were used to investigate to determining toughness of materials. In this research work, drop weight impact test were used. The present experimental work describes testing of flat ferrocement panels with different number of layer steel mesh as well as enhancement of panels with steel fiber. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using different number of wire mesh layer on the flexural strength and impact strength and also effect of varying thickness of panels on the energy absorption of ferrocement panels. The experimental work includes preparation of ferrocement panels reinforced with welded square mesh, woven square mesh with and without hooked steel fibers The ferrocement panels of different sizes were prepared and tested for flexural strength under the two point loading as well as drop weight for impact testing. It is expected that as the mesh layers will be increased the energy absorption capacity of the panel should be increased and the also its effect should be seen for addition of hooked steel fibers.

scholarly journals Design of Rigid Pavement by Self Cured Concrete Utilizing Coarse Fly Ash Aggregates and Curing Admixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Ajay Rana ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Kshitij Jassal
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ash Aggregates

Abstract In concrete industry, a huge amount of natural aggregates is used in the making of concrete every day. The environment is being exploited by mining for the gain of natural aggregates, resulting in an environmental instability in nature. As a result, an alternate source to substitute natural aggregates in concrete is required. A lot of waste materials have gain attention now a days into the concrete industry as a substitute to natural materials. Fly ash, a waste product of thermal power plants, meets the criterion for being utilised as an aggregate substitute in concrete because of its pozzolanic activity. Coarse fly ash is manufactured using a good manufacturing method and is light in weight. Keeping this into view, the impact of partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates with coarse fly ash aggregates produced using the colds bonded method is explored in this paper. The major focus of this study is on testing for flexural strength of self-cured concrete, as flexural strength is a key criterion for rigid pavement design. In this study, coarse fly ash aggregates are utilised in concrete in different proportions to substitute natural aggregates, and the optimal value for flexural strength is determined using a curing additive. The findings of this experiment indicated that when fly ash aggregates and curing additives were used optimally, the flexure strength improved, which is enough for the construction of rigid pavement as criteria fixed by Indian Standards.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer mortar reinforced with carbon fibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 02028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qais Frayyeh ◽  
Ahmed Swaif
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Heat Curing

Portland cement industry releases high amounts of CO2, so efforts have been made for alternative binders. Geopolymers are one of the highlighted elective binders. The aims of this study are to produce fly ash Geopolymer boards reinforced with carbon fibers and investigate the mechanical properties of several blends of fly ash Geopolymer mortar reinforced with carbon fibers (FGC). Carbon fibers (CF) were added at different percentages (WF) of 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight. The sodium hydroxide condensation of 8 molars, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide weight ratio of 2.0, the alkaline liquid/binder proportion of 0.47 and the dry heat curing of 70°C for 24 hours were utilized as a piece of blends. Fresh and hardening state properties such as Flow capacity, flexural strength and compressive strength, and physical properties such as bulk density were determined from the 3-day FGC samples after the curing process. The results obtained from this study, show that the uses of CF were significant in improving the compressive and flexural strength due to the bonding characteristics of fibers with Geopolymer pastes. Then again, the used of CF results in slightly decrease of the bulk density. The optimal compressive and flexural strength outcomes were at weight percentage 1% of CF.

Flexural Behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Ferrocement Composite with Fly Ash

2014 ◽  
Vol 1061-1062 ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Si Chen ◽  
Daniel Eising ◽  
De Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Class F Fly Ash ◽  
Basalt Rock

Ferrocement composite is constructed by cement mortar and reinforced buy layers of continuous and relatively small size wire mesh. The high cement usage in the mixture causes environmental and economical impacts. Basalt fiber is produced from melted basalt rock. This paper reports the experimental investigation carried out on the flexural characteristics of ferrocement composite using various kinds of basalt meshes by basalt fiber and different volume of Class F fly ash. The results clarify that the ferrocements without fly ash or with a small percentage of fly ash have a good mesh/matrix bond, leading to a better flexural behavior. The high volume of fly ash is shown to have a negative effect.

Mechanical and free vibration properties of skin and core designed basalt woven intertwined with flax layered polymeric laminates

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (22) ◽  
pp. 4505-4519 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ramraji ◽  
K Rajkumar ◽  
P Sabarinathan
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Free Vibration ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Layered Composite ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Vibration Technique ◽  
The Impact

Design of fiber-reinforced polymer damping laminates has been attracting great interest in industrial sectors for lightweight structural damping applications. The present work investigates the impact of skin, core, neutral, and alternate intertwined basalt/flax fabric on the mechanical and vibrational properties of the newly designed polymeric laminate. The designed sequence structure was fabricated using a wet hand lay-up technique with hydraulic compression. Tensile and flexural strength of intertwined multilayer basalt/flax woven composite were studied. An effect of the intertwining on the tensile and flexural strength fractured surface of the composites has been further evaluated. Free vibration technique was used for recording vibration response and the related damping frequencies of intertwining composites. A cantilever mode impact hammer was used for generating periodic signals of the designed composite systems. Damping ratios and damped natural frequencies were calculated with several plies and sequence of flax/basalt woven in the composite. The experimental results revealed that the damped natural frequencies of class II, skin basalt layer intertwined seven core flax layered composite (B2F7) was high, followed by two skin basalt layers intertwined core flax layered composite (B4F5). The addition of the flax layer enhanced the natural frequency to the higher value. It was found that the skin basalt layer with intertwined flax layered B2F7 design structure exhibits maximum damping value with acceptable mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Feasibility and strength properties of the geopolymeric binder made of fly ash suspension

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Szymon Dawczyúski ◽  
Marek Soczyúski ◽  
Marcin GÓrski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Geopolymeric binders, or in general geopolymers, are nowadays applied in many different branches of the industry –also in building construction. This relatively new group of inorganic materials has similar strength properties as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and in some features, it is even better (for example in terms of fire resistance or chemical resistance). It is also environmentally friendly material because industrial or mining tailings are used as its main components and the production process is not so energy consuming as in case of OPC. Paper presents laboratory research focusing on the curing temperature impact on strength properties of geopolymeric binder made of fly ash suspension. Besides the suspension which is a waste product from coal power plant, also recycled ground glass and metakaolin were used as the additions. The chemical activator of geopolimerisation reaction was prepared with the use of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Prism samples 40x40x160 mm were done and then the flexural and compressive strength tests were performed. The paper also presents the impact of covering the moulds during heat curing on condition of geopolymeric binder samples.

scholarly journals The Effect of Reinforcement, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and The Effect of Reinforcement, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) andThe Effect of Reinforcement, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and Fly Ash On The Strength of Foam Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosli M. F. ◽  
Rashidi A. ◽  
Ahmed E. ◽  
Sarudu N. H
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Mesh Reinforcement

 Foam concrete is a type of lightweight concrete. The main characteristics of foam concrete are its low density and thermal conductivity. Its advantages are that there is a reduction of dead load, faster building rates in construction and lower haulage and handling costs. This research was conducted to investigate the compressive strength and flexural strength of reinforced foam concrete. The use of fly ash and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) as cement and sand replacement were also included in the production of reinforced foam concrete. There were two types of reinforcements used to reinforce the foam concrete namely plastic and wire mesh. Physical failure mode, compressive strength and flexural strength of samples were compared and analyzed. The replacement percentages for both fly ash and EPS were varied between 0-50% and 0-40% respectively. The study showed that it is feasible to reinforce the foam concrete and the best result was obtained from wire mesh reinforcement. The study also showed that the optimum replacement level for both fly ash and EPS was 30% based on compressive and flexural strength results.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Waste Iron Powder as a Fine Filler in a High-Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2515
Author(s):  
Toon Nongnuang ◽  
Peerapong Jitsangiam ◽  
Ubolluk Rattanasak ◽  
Weerachart Tangchirapat ◽  
Teewara Suwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
High Calcium

Geopolymer (GP) has been applied as an environmentally-friendly construction material in recent years. Many pozzolanic wastes, such as fly ash (FA) and bottom ash, are commonly used as source materials for synthesizing geopolymer. Nonetheless, many non-pozzolanic wastes are often applied in the field of civil engineering, including waste iron powder (WIP). WIPs are massively produced as by-products from iron and steel industries, and the production rate increases every year. As an iron-based material, WIP has properties of heat induction and restoration, which can enhance the heat curing process of GP. Therefore, this study aimed to utilize WIP in high-calcium FA geopolymer to develop a new type of geopolymer and examine its properties compared to the conventional geopolymer. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed on the geopolymers. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength and flexural strength, were also determined. In addition, setting time and temperature monitoring during the heat curing process were carried out. The results indicated that the addition of WIP in FA geopolymer decreased the compressive strength, owing to the formation of tetrahydroxoferrate (II) sodium or Na2[Fe(OH)4]. However, a significant increase in the flexural strength of GP with WIP addition was detected. A flexural strength of 8.5 MPa was achieved by a 28-day sample with 20% of WIP addition, nearly three times higher than that of control.

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