scholarly journals Effect of body weight training plus low carbohydrate diet versus running plus low carbohydrate diet on body fat percentage changes in overweight and obese young man

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshandi Nugraha ◽  
◽  
Adang Suherman ◽  
Hamidie Ronald D. Ray ◽  
Amung Ma’mun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
T Test ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

This study aims to determine the effect of body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet and running combined with a low carbohydrate diet on reducing body fat percentage in overweight and obese young man. The research used pretest posttest group design experimental method. The sample consisted of 30 young man divided into two groups that had been strictly selected. Their body fat percentage was measured before and after the research program. The result was analyzed through paired sample t-test at a significance level of α 0.05 and the average difference test (independent sample t-test posttest) to get a better result. This study shows that body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet and running combined with a low carbohydrate diet have a significant effect on decreasing body fat percentage, but running combined with a low carbohydrate diet is better at reducing body fat percentage compared with body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet. Overweight and obese young man can apply body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet or run combined with a low carbohydrate diet to reduce body fat percentage, but to get the results of a reduction in body fat percentage running and low carbohydrate diets is more recommended.

scholarly journals A pilot study of low-carbohydrate diet intervention on overweight or obese elderly people in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Bin Ye ◽  
HOI YAN. HO ◽  
Shu-Yu Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Average Body

AbstractIntroduction:Muscle-reducing obesity is the most common form of obesity in the elderly, so it is more difficult for the elderly to lose weight. The efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for weight loss in the elderly remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the effect and safety of LCD on weight loss in overweight and obese elderly people.Materials and Methods:Obese or overweight elderly (> 60 years old) with a BMI greater than 24 were recruited to use a restricted LCD for 1–3 months for weight loss intervention. According to the time, participants were divided into short-time group (< 30 days), medium-time group (< 31–60 days) and long-time group (> 60 days). The enrolled subjects were given an energy-restricted LCD for weight reduction intervention (1200–1400 kcal/d, carbohydrate accounts for 15–20% of energy). The primary outcome was change in body composition included weight, BMI, fat mass, and waist circumference, and there were other secondary outcomes including blood sugar, blood lipid and uric acid.Results and Discussion:Thirty-two obese or overweight elderly completed a LCD for 1–3 months, mean age were 64.9 ± 4.2 years, median intervention time was 56 (range: 26,100); mean BMI was 29.62 ± 3.70kg/m2. After LCD intervention, the average body weight of the three groups decreased by 2.92 ± 0.77 kg, 5.57 ± 1.99 kg and 10.48 ± 2.63 kg; the average BMI decreased by 1.43 ± 0.34 kg/m, 2.18 ± 0.99 kg/m and 3.18 ± 1.77 kg/m; the average body fat decreased by 2.28 ± 0.43 kg, 4.07 ± 2.08 kg and 7.05 ± 2.53 kg; and the average muscle decreased by 0.68 ± 0.76 kg, 1.32 ± 0.78 kg and 2.45 ± 2.03 kg (P < 0.05). The average muscle loss was less than 20% of the total weight loss. Covariance analysis adjusted by sex and age showed that the percentage changes of body weight, BMI, body fat and waist circumference were significant different among the three groups (p < 0.05), which had linear trends with the intervention time, while the percentage of muscle and body fat decreased was not significantly different among the three groups, and did not increase with the intervening time (p > 0.05). Symptoms of patients with hypertension or sleep apnea syndrome were alleviated. There were no serious adverse events during weight loss.LCD with restricted energy is a safe and effective weight-loss intervention for overweight or obese elderly people. It can significantly reduce BMI and body fat without losing more muscle with the increase of weight loss time.

Reliability of BOD POD Measurements Remains High After a Short-Duration Low-Carbohydrate Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Beau Kjerulf Greer ◽  
Kathleen M. Edsall ◽  
Anna E. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Bod Pod ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

The purpose of the current study was to determine whether expected changes in body weight via a 3-day low-carbohydrate (LC) diet will disrupt the reliability of air displacement plethysmography measurements via BOD POD. Twenty-four subjects recorded their typical diets for 3 days before BOD POD and 7-site skinfold analyses. Subjects were matched for lean body mass and divided into low-CHO (LC) and control (CON) groups. The LC group was given instruction intended to prevent more than 50 grams/day of carbohydrate consumption for 3 consecutive days, and the CON group replicated their previously recorded diet. Body composition measurements were repeated after dietary intervention. Test–retest reliability measures were significant (p < .01) and high for body fat percentage in both the LC and the CON groups (rs = .993 and .965, respectively). Likewise, skinfold analysis for body fat percentage reliability was high in both groups (rs = .996 and .997, respectively). There were significant differences between 1st and 2nd BOD POD measurements for body mass (72.9 ± 13.3 vs. 72.1 ± 13.0 kg [M ± SD]) and body volume (69.0 ± 12.7–68.1 ± 12.2 L) in the LC group (p < .05). However, there were no differences (p > .05) in BOD POD–determined body fat percentage, lean body mass, or fat mass between the 1st and 2nd trial in either group. Body composition measures via BOD POD and 7-site skinfolds remain reliable after 3 days of an LC diet despite significant decreases in body mass.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS LATIHAN BODY WEIGHT TRAINING DENGAN DAN TANPA MENGGUNAKAN RESISTANCE BAND TERHADAP PENURUNAN BERAT BADAN DAN PERSENTASE LEMAK

MEDIKORA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Asti Lestari ◽  
Ahmad Nasrulloh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group I ◽  
Resistance Bands ◽  
Paired T Test

Body weight training menggunakan resitance band dan tanpa resistance band merupakan bentuk latihan beban yang sedang populer saat ini. Kebanyakan orang melakukan kedua latihan tersebut untuk tujuan menurunkan berat badan dan persentase lemak. Akan tetapi belum diketahui tingkat efektivitas dari latihan body weight training menggunakan resistance band dan tanpa resistance band terhadap penurunan berat badan dan persentase lemak. Penelitian ini adalah pre-experimen dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pretest dan posttest. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling, dengan member wanita berjumlah 20 orang, berjenis kelamin perempuan. Pembagian kelompok dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelompok I body weight training menggunakan resistance band dan kelompok II tanpa resistance band. Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengukur berat badan yaitu timbangan omron dengan satuan kilogram, untuk mengukur tinggi badan dengan menggunakan stadium meter dengan atuan centimeter, dan untuk mengukur persentase lemak badan menggunkan skinfold calipter. Teknik analisis data menggunakan paired t test dan independent t test untuk mengetahui ada pengaruh dan ada perbedaan terhadap sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan body weight training menggunakan resistance band terhadap penueunan berat badan dan persentase lemak dengan nilai signifikasi (p<0,05), (2) Ada pengaruh body weight training tanpa resistance band terhadap penurunan berat badan persentase lemak dengan nilai signifikasi (p<0,05). (3) Dapat dibuktikan juga bahwa latihan beban body weight training menggunkan resistance band lebih efektif dari pada tanpa resistance band terhadap penurunan berat badan dan persentase lemak pada sampel penelitian.  EFFECTIVENESS OF BODY WEIGHT TRAINING TRAININGWITH AND WITHOUT USING THE RESISTANCE BANDTOWARDS WEIGHT REDUCTION AND PERCENTAGE OF FAT AbstractBody weight training using resistance bands and without resistance bands is a form of weight training that is currently popular. Most people do both exercises for the purpose of losing weight and fat percentage. However, the level of effectiveness of body weight training using resistance bands and without resistance bands for weight loss and fat percentage is unknown. This research is a pre-experiment with the research design used, namely pretest and posttest. Sampling in this study was carried out by means of purposive sampling, with 20 female members, female sex. The division of groups in this study is group I body weight training using resistance bands and group II without resistance bands. The instrument used to measure body weight is the scale of the omron in kilograms, to measure height using a stadium meter with a centimeter, and to measure the percentage of body fat using a skinfold calipter. Data analysis techniques used paired t test and independent t test to find out there is an influence and there are differences in the research sample. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant effect of body weight training using resistance bands on weight loss and fat percentage with a significant value (p <0.05), (2) There was an effect of body weight training without resistance bands on weight loss body fat percentage with a significance value (p <0.05). (3) It can also be proven that body weight training using resistance bands is more effective than without resistance bands for weight loss and fat percentage in the study sample.

The Influence of Age, Sex and Body Mass Index on the Effectiveness of Brisk Walking for Obesity Management in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mabire ◽  
Ramakrishnan Mani ◽  
Lizhou Liu ◽  
Hilda Mulligan ◽  
David Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Brisk Walking ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Fat Percentage

Background:Brisk walking is the most popular activity for obesity management for adults. We aimed to identify whether participant age, sex and body mass index (BMI) influenced the effectiveness of brisk walking.Methods:A search of 9 databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two investigators selected RCTs reporting on change in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage following a brisk walking intervention in obese adults.Results:Of the 5072 studies screened, 22 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled mean differences were: weight loss, –2.13 kg; BMI, –0.96 kg/m2; waist circumference, –2.83 cm; fat mass, –2.59 kg; fat-free mass, 0.29 kg; and body fat percentage, –1.38%. Meta-regression of baseline BMI showed no effect on changes.Conclusions:Brisk walking can create a clinically significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass for obese men and women aged under 50 years. Obese women aged over 50 years can achieve modest losses, but gains in fat-free mass reduce overall change in body weight. Further research is required for men aged over 50 years and on the influence of BMI for all ages and sexes.

Treatment of feline diabetes mellitus using an α-glucosidase inhibitor and a low-carbohydrate diet

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Mazzaferro ◽  
DS Greco ◽  
AS Turner ◽  
MJ Fettman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitor ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Insulin Dependence ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an α-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose), combined with a low-carbohydrate diet on the treatment of naturally occurring diabetes mellitus in cats. Eighteen client-owned cats with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus were entered into the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed prior to and 4 months after feeding the diet to determine total body composition, including lean body mass (LBM) and percent body fat. Each cat was fed a commercially available low-carbohydrate canned feline diet and received 12.5 mg/cat acarbose orally every 12 h with meals. All cats received subcutaneous insulin therapy except one cat in the study group that received glipizide (5 mg BID PO). Monthly serum glucose and fructosamine concentrations were obtained, and were used to adjust insulin doses based on individual cat's requirements. Patients were later classified as responders (insulin was discontinued, n=11) and non-responders (continued to require insulin or glipizide, n=7). Responders were initially obese (<28% body fat) and non-responders had significantly less body fat than responders (<28% body fat). Serum fructosamine and glucose concentrations decreased significantly in both responder and non-responder groups over the course of 4 months of therapy. Better results were observed in responder cats, for which exogenousinsulin therapy was discontinued, glycemic parameters improved, and body fat decreased. In non-responders, median insulin requirements decreased and glycemic parameters improved significantly, despite continued insulin dependence. The use a low-carbohydrate diet with acarbose was an effective means of decreasing exogenous insulin dependence and improving glycemiccontrol in a series of client-owned cats with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Probiotics for the Treatment of Docetaxel-Related Weight Gain of Breast Cancer Patients—A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Juan ◽  
Zhang Qing ◽  
Liang Yongping ◽  
Liyuan Qian ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Fat Percentage

Background: Docetaxel is an important chemotherapy-agent for breast cancer treatment. One of its side-effects is weight gain, which increases the all-cause mortality rate. Considering gut microbiota is one important factor for weight regulation, we hypothesized that probiotics could be potentially used to reduce the docetaxel-related weight gain in breast cancer patients.Methods: From 10/8/2018 to 10/17/2019, 100 breast cancer (Stage I-III) patients underwent four cycles of docetaxel-based chemotherapy were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis) or placebo (supplementary material of the probiotics capsule) treatment for 84 days with three capsules per time, twice/day. The primary outcome: the changes in body weight and body-fat percentage of the patients were measured by a designated physician using a fat analyzer, and the secondary outcomes: the fasting insulin, plasma glucose, and lipids were directly obtained from the Hospital Information System (HIS); The metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); The fecal microbiome was analyzed using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence. All indicators were measured 1 day before the first cycle of docetaxel-based chemotherapy and 21 days after the last cycle of docetaxel-based chemotherapy.Results: Compared with the placebo group, the probiotic group showed significantly smaller changes in body weight (Mean [SD] 0.77 [2.58] vs. 2.70 [3.08], P = 0.03), body-fat percentage (Mean [SD] 0.04 [1.14] vs. 3.86 [11.09], P = 0.02), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (Mean [SD]−0.05[0.68] vs. 0.39 [0.58], P = 0.002). Moreover, five of the 340 detected plasma metabolites showed significant differences between the two groups. The change of biliverdin dihydrochloride (B = −0.724, P = 0.02) was inverse correlated with weight gain. One strain of the phylum and three strains of the genus were detected to be significantly different between the two groups. Also, the changes of Bacteroides (B = −0.917, P &lt; 0.001) and Anaerostipes (B = −0.894, P &lt; 0.001) were inverse correlated with the change of LDL.Conclusions: Probiotics supplement during docetaxel-based chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment may help to reduce the increase in body weight, body-fat percentage, plasma LDL, and minimize the metabolic changes and gut dysbacteriosis.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=24294, ChiCTR-INQ-17014181.

scholarly journals Associations between folate intake, body composition, and liver status in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Młodzik-Czyżewska ◽  
Anna Malinowska ◽  
Agata Chmurzynska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

AbstractA link has recently been underlined between one-carbon metabolism and body weight and body composition, suggesting that folate may account for body mass determination and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was thus to analyze whether folate intake is associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and liver status.409 subjects aged 20–40 were enrolled in Poznań, Poland from 2016 to 2018. Food intake was assessed using three-day food records. Folate intake was calculated based on food composition tables using the Diet 5.0 program (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland). Weight to 0.1 kg and height to 0.01 m were measured using an electronic scale and a stadiometer, respectively. BMI was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Fat mass and lean body mass were determined using whole-body air-displacement plethysmography (BodPod, Cosmed, Italy). Genotyping of rs1801133 (MTHFR) was performed with TaqMan probes. The following biomarkers of liver steatosis were calculated: NAFLD liver fat score (NAFLD-LFS), fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). To analyze the associations between folate intake and the measured parameters, we used multiple regression with adjustments for age, sex, and energy intake.The mean body weight was 78.57 ± 18.14 kg, BMI 25.96 ± 5.28 kg/m2, and fat percentage 29.20% ± 10.78%. The median folate intake was 299.3 μg/day. Dietary folate intake was negatively associated with body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage (p < 0.05 for all associations). Folate intake was also associated with fatty liver indices—namely HSI (p < 0.05) and FLI (p < 0.05). There was no association between folate intake and NAFLD-LFS. MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was not associated with any of the measured parameters.Our findings suggest that folate intake may affect body weight and composition, as well as liver status. Higher folate intake could have a protective effect against obesity, but further studies are necessary to investigate the mechanism.The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre(grants 2014/15/B/NZ9/02134 and 2016/21/N/NZ9/01195).

scholarly journals Alternate Day Fasting Combined with a High Protein/low Carbohydrate Diet: Effect on Body Weight and Metabolic Disease Risk Factors in Obese Adults (P21-018-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Kalam ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Eric Wiseman ◽  
Krista Varady
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting

Abstract Objectives This pilot study is the first to examine the impact of alternate day fasting (ADF) combined with a high protein/low carbohydrate diet on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults. Methods Obese adults (n = 10) followed an ADF diet (600 kcal fast day alternated with an ad libitum feast day; 35% protein, 22% carbohydrate, 43% fat) for 6 months. Meal replacements were consumed on the fast and feast days, in addition to regular foods, to help attain macronutrient targets. Results Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 8.4 ± 1.7 kg (8.6 ± 1.7%) after 6 months. Fat mass and visceral fat mass were reduced (P < 0.05) by 6.4 ± 1.6 kg and 0.2 ± 0.1 kg, respectively. Lean mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 1.3 ± 0.6 kg. Systolic blood pressure was reduced (P < 0.05) by 10 ± 3 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure was reduced (P < 0.05) by 6 ± 3 mm Hg. Fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and HbA1c remained unchanged after 6 months of diet. LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased (P < 0.001) by10 ± 4% and 15 ± 8%, respectively, after 6 months. HDL cholesterol levels decreased by 6 ± 3% from baseline to post-treatment. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that ADF combined with a high protein/low carbohydrate diet is effective for lowering body weight, visceral fat mass, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, this diet has no effect on glucoregulatory factors. While these preliminary findings are promising, they still require confirmation by a larger-scale clinical trial. Funding Sources Nestle Health Sciences Grant.

Decreased Renal Function Induced by High-Fat Diet in Wistar Rat: The Role of Plasma Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1279-1287
Author(s):  
Ridwan Ridwan ◽  
Rosdiana Natzir ◽  
Haerani Rasyid ◽  
Ilhamjaya Patellongi ◽  
Mochammad Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Obesity Index

Researches on the effects of High Fat Diet (HFD) on decreased renal function with cystatin C (cysC) serum levels biomarker are few and show different findings. Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a key role in controlling renal function and one of the integral components of the RAS is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Research on the relationship between plasma ACE2 levels with serum cysC levels in animals induced by HFD has not been done. We hypothesize that administration of HFD can cause a decline in early stage renal function through the role of ACE2. 30 male wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks (body weight between 170-220 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 rats/group): baseline, normal diet for 8 weeks (ND8), ND for 16 weeks (ND16), HFD for 8 weeks (HFD8) and HFD for 16 weeks (HFD16). Body weight and naso-anal length were measured to get the index value of obesity and body fat percentage. Obesity index measured are lee index, rohrer index and TM index. Blood samples obtained by intracardiac for examination of plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. After 8 and 16 weeks, HFD increases body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage. HFD also increases plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. Body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage have a positive correlation with plasma ACE2 levels. Plasma ACE2 levels were positively correlated with serum cysC levels. HFD causes a decrease of early stage renal function as evidenced by the increase in serum cysC levels. Plasma ACE2 levels play a role in the pathogenesis of the decline in early stage renal function induced by HFD.

Effects of Fed- Versus Fasted-State Aerobic Training During Ramadan on Body Composition and Some Metabolic Parameters in Physically Active Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Kais el Abed ◽  
Stephen R. Stannard ◽  
Kamel Jammoussi ◽  
Khaled M. Zeghal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Fasted State

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic training in a fasted versus a fed state during Ramadan on body composition and metabolic parameters in physically active men. Nineteen men were allocated to 2 groups: 10 practicing aerobic training in a fasted state (FAST) and 9 training in an acutely fed state (FED) during Ramadan. All subjects visited the laboratory for a total of 4 sessions on the following occasions: 3 days before Ramadan (Bef-R), the 15th day of Ramadan; the 29th day of Ramadan (End-R), and 21 days after Ramadan. During each session, subjects underwent anthropometric measurement, completed a dietary questionnaire, and provided fasting blood and urine samples. Body weight decreased in FAST and FED by 1.9% (p < .001) and 2.6% (p = .046), respectively. Body fat percentage decreased only in FAST by 6.2% (p = .016). FAST experienced an increase in the following parameters from Bef-R to End-R: urine specific gravity (0.64%, p = .012), urea (8.7%, p < .001), creatinine (7.5%, p < .001), uric acid (12.7%, p < .001), sodium (1.9%, p = .003), chloride (2.6%, p < .001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (27.3%, p < .001). Of these parameters, only creatinine increased (5.8%, p = .004) in FED. Creatinine clearance values of FAST decreased by 8.9% (p < .001) and by 7.6% in FED (p = .01) from Bef-R to End-R. The authors conclude that aerobic training in a fasted state lowers body weight and body fat percentage. In contrast, fed aerobic training decreases only body weight. In addition, Ramadan fasting induced change in some metabolic parameters in FAST, but these changes were absent in FED.

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