scholarly journals The Historical Thar Desert of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Manisha Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
History Of

Desert was a ‘no-go area’ and the interactions with it were only to curb and contain the rebelling forces. This article is an attempt to understand the contours and history of Thar Desert of Rajasthan and to explore the features that have kept the various desert states (Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner etc.) and their populace sustaining in this region throughout the ages, even when this region had scarce water resources and intense desert with huge and extensive dunes. Through political control the dynasts kept the social organisation intact which ensured regular incomes for their respective dynasties. Through the participation of various social actors this dry and hot desert evolved as a massive trade emporium. The intense trade activities of Thar Desert kept the imperial centres intact in this agriculturally devoid zone. In the harsh environmental conditions, limited means, resources and the objects, the settlers of this desert were able to create a huge economy that sustained effectively. The economy build by them not only allowed the foundation and formation of the states, it also ensured their continuation and expansion over the centuries. The continuity of the Rajput states in the Thar Desert is sufficient indicators of the fact that this desert was nourishing all of them efficiently.   Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

Pierre Bourdieu, the ‘cultural turn’ and the practice of international history

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
International History ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Structural Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Turn

AbstractThe rise of the ‘cultural turn’ has breathed new life into the practice of international history over the past few decades. Cultural approaches have both broadened and deepened interpretations of the history of international relations. This article focuses on the use of culture as an explanatory methodology in the study of international history. It outlines the two central criticisms often made of this approach. The first is that it suffers from a lack of analytical rigour in both defining what culture is and understanding how it shapes individual and collective policy decisions. The second is that it too often leads to a tendency to exaggerate the importance of the cultural predispositions of individual or collective actors at the expense of the wider structures within which policymaking takes place. The article provides a brief outline of the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu – which focuses on the interaction between the cultural orientations of social actors and the structural environment that conditions their strategies and decisions. It then argues that Bourdieu’s conceptual framework can provide the basis for a more systematic approach to understanding the cultural roots of policymaking and that international historians would benefit from engagement with his approach.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the history and population ecology of the tsessebe damaliscus lunatus lunatus in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C.J. Joubert ◽  
P.J.L. Bronkhorst
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The population trends and distribution of the tsessebe population of the Kruger National Park are evaluated in terms of the available data derived from records compiled in the developmental history of the Kruger National Park (KNP). The recent numerical status of the population is also given. A description of the habitats favoured by tsessebe in the KNP is presented as well as an analysis of the age structure and sex-ratio of the population. Aspects of the social organisation of tsessebe affecting the interpretation of the age structure and sex-ratio phenomena of the population, are also discussed.

Community and Social Organisation

1999 ◽  
pp. 157-184
Author(s):  
Diane Frost
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Economic History ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Community Organisation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal And External Factors

‘Community and Social Organisation’ is the last chapter in ‘The Kru Community in Freetown’, and provides an understanding of the social and economic history of the Kru in Freetown, and the respective internal and external factors that shaped it. The chapter focuses on community organisation amongst the Kru, rather than political organisation, which was shaped largely by forces outside the Kru’s social control.

The Iberian Atlantic to 1650

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart B. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
World View ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Two Kingdoms

The Castilians and Portuguese were the first Europeans to create systems of continual communication, trade, and political control spanning the Atlantic. Following medieval precedents and moved by similar economic and demographic factors, these two kingdoms embarked in the late fifteenth century on a course of expansion that led to the creation of overseas empires and contact with other societies and peoples. This process produced a series of political, religious, social, and ethical problems that would confront other nations pursuing empire. Portugal and Castile were sometimes rivals, sometimes allies, and for sixty years (1580–1640) parts of a composite monarchy under the same rulers. Their answers to the challenges of creating empires varied according to circumstances and resources, but they were not unaware of each others' efforts, failures, and successes nor of their common Catholic heritage and world-view that set the framework of their imperial vision, their rule, and their social organisation. This article focuses on the history of the Iberian Atlantic to 1650, the Atlantic origins and Caribbean beginnings, conquest and settlement to 1570, and imperial spaces and trade.

scholarly journals History of Medicine in Eastern Europe: Sexual Medicine and Women’s Reproductive Health in Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kateřina Lišková
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Sexual Medicine ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Languages

Abstract Specific developments in reproductive health occurred in Eastern Europe, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. During state socialism, it was experts, not social movements, who furthered the agenda of women’s health and sexuality. New analyses from the region and written mostly by authors who speak the local languages attest to the wealth of histories, highlighting different timelines of reproductive health developments, the unexpected causes behind them, and the social actors and institutions which played decisive roles.

scholarly journals Movimiento estudiantil en Chile 2011: Causas y características

2016 ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Cañas Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

ResumenLos movimientos de protesta estudiantil en la historia de Chile del siglo XX configuran un tipo de acción colectiva que tienen como patrón común un grado específico de influencia y agregación de otros actores sociales en momentos críticos del proceso político. Este artículo pretende averiguar el impacto que tuvo en Chile el movimiento 2011 sobre las estructuras formales de poder en el sistema político. Se han levantado teorías sociales acerca de este fenómeno que refieren a formas de participación y representación política que tienden a distanciarse de los asuntos cívicos. Chile no es un caso aislado en este respecto. Para saberlo, es necesario conocer las coordenadas sobre las cuales transcurrió la cuestión social en 2011, sus precedentes y proyecciones.Palabras clave: Movimientos sociales, representación política, teoría política, historia de ChileStudent movement in Chile 2011: Causes and characteristicsAbstractThe student protest movements in the history of Chile in the Twentieth Century formed a kind of collective action having in common a specific degree of influence and aggregation of other social actors in critical moments of the political process. This article aims to determine the impact of the 2011 movement in Chile on the formal structures of power in the political system. Social theories have been raised about this phenomenon referring to forms of political participation and representation that tend to get apart from civic affairs. Chile is not an isolated case in this regard. To find out, it is necessary to know the coordinates on which the social question occurred in 2011, its precedents and projections.Keywords: Social movements, political representation, political theory, history of ChileMovimento estudantil no Chile 2011: Causas e característicasResumoOs movimentos de protesto estudantis na história do Chile século XX configuramse como uma espécie de ação coletiva que tem como padrão em comum um determinado grau de influência e agregação de outros atores sociais em momentos críticos do processo político. Este artigo pretende indagar no impacto do movimento de 2011 no Chile, sobre as estruturas formais de poder no sistema político. Têm sido levantadas teorias sociais sobre este fenómeno referindose a formas de participação e representação política que tendem adistanciarse dos assuntos cívicos. Chile não é um caso isolado a este respeito.Para conhecêlo, é preciso saber as coordenadas sobre as quais transcorreu a questão social em 2011, seus antecedentes e projeções.Palavras-chave: Movimentos sociais, representação política, teoria política, história do Chile. 

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Wade Graham
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marginal Environment

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that a certain number of patterns are visible in the long history of Molokai and Hawaii, which together add up to a so-called socio-environmental calculus. First, because of the uneven distribution of water in an often marginal environment, the control of water resources is critical to sustaining life and to maintaining control of the political level in a competitive society. Second, the control of natural and human resources tends, where the environmental conditions for bigness (or resource thickness) exist, to become concentrated in a few hands and reinforces the tendencies toward intensification and stratification. The monopoly control of water and land resources exacerbates and drives the feedback loop of environmental degradation; destruction of common resources; and the decline of small, subsistence-based communities, further reinforcing intensification and the control of monopolists.

Traditional Settlement in the Oasis of Ghadames in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Abubaker Mohamed Shawesh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The Social ◽  
Building Methods

AbstractTraditional settlements in Libya reflect man's response to the harsh environmental conditions and the need to sustain the social organisation and respect social and cultural traditions. Thus urban dwellers have a strong desire for the morphology of settlements and the needs of indigenous habitats. This has played an important part in shaping the character of traditional Libyan cities and town. As far as people are concerned they are part of their community or neighbourhood. This paper reviews the old town of Ghadames to show how traditional settlement successfully responded to the geographical, environmental conditions and social needs. Attention is also focused on the architectural character, house form and building methods and materials, based on a survey carried out by the author in Ghadames oasis in August 1991. It attempts to establish the suitability of traditional building.

The Cultural History of Capitalism in France (With a Chicago Touch)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
General Interest ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
History Of

Abstract This is a commentary on articles by Oliver Cussen, Tyson Leuchter, Elizabeth Heath and Thomas Dodman, all of whom were University of Chicago PhD students in the 2000s or the 2010s. The articles partake of the currently rising general interest in the history of capitalism, but all examine capitalism less as an economic system than as a mode of life that generates and must be understood through cultural forms. I argue that all four of these contributions can be interpreted as either arguing directly or implying that behind the overt activities and rhythms of capitalist socio-cultural life one can find deeper and more abstract capitalist processes that usually escape the notice of but help to form the consciousness of the social actors.

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