The benefits of applied research: 37 years of discoveries, adaptations and solutions

2015 ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo P. Borges ◽  
Mário L. Lopes ◽  
Claudemir Bernardino ◽  
Alexandre Godoy ◽  
Fernando E. Ré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Industrial Fermentation ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Aconitic Acid ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cane Quality ◽  
Dry Substance

The authors’ work started in fermentation in 1977 and in the 1980’s into sugar production and cane quality. Statistical analysis was a key factor for the success of improving yield in ethanol and sugar production as well as cane quality. Adaption of methods for industrial laboratories also was very important in relation to yield and in reduction of sugar losses in the factory. Methodologies to measure sugar losses occurring through degradation in the factory (evaporation) using ion chromatography and dry substance content with a digital density meter were adapted. The fermentation yield improved from 75% in 1977 to 92% in 2014, which was possible by adapting methods for live bacterial counting within 20 min, and by controlling contamination using antimicrobial products through research in the laboratory and the industry. Since 1990 yeasts for industrial fermentation were selected by karyotyping analysis of the nuclear chromosomes and in the last seven years based on mitochondrial DNA. The last technique made the “Process Driven Selection” possible, i.e. one or several yeast strains which fit each distillery. Floc formation in carbonated beverages is not only due to the Indicator Value (discovery by SPRI research group) but also to aconitic acid and calcium under Brazilian conditions.

scholarly journals Molecular variability in Amerindians: widespread but uneven information

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO M. SALZANO
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
South American ◽  
Chromosome Variation ◽  
North Central ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Present Trend ◽  
Made In

A review was made in relation to the molecular variability present in North, Central, and South American Indian populations. It involved results from ancient DNA, mitochondrial DNA in extant populations, HLA and other autosomal markers, X and Y chromosome variation, as well as data from parasitic viruses which could show coevolutionary changes. The questions considered were their origin, ways in which the early colonization of the continent took place, types and levels of the variability which developed, peculiarities of the Amerindian evolutionary processes, and eventual genetic heterogeneity which evolved in different geographical areas. Although much information is already available, it is highly heterogeneous in relation to populations and types of genetic systems investigated. Unfortunately, the present trend of favoring essentially applied research suggest that the situation will not basically improve in the future.

scholarly journals State and Dynamics of Development of the Russian Leasing Market (Brief Statistical Analysis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Arkhangel’skaya
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Financial Leasing ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The study subject of the paper is the directions of development of leasing in Russia in various forms of its manifestation. There is no generally accepted classification of types of leasing today — the system of statistical indicators characterizing the state and development of the financial leasing market is in a state of formation; the factors (external and internal) and cause-and-effect relationships that bring such an uneven development of the leasing services market in a way of changing the legal environment, new challenges of the time (economic, financial, social) have been little studied. Thereby, the study of leasing as a unique tool for investing in assets (including labor force) in various spheres of human activity is a relevant scientific and the applied problem. Within the framework of this paper, being used statistical methods for analyzing the structure and dynamics of the phenomena of public life, the features and trends that are emerging in thebRussian market of leasing services are investigated, a forecast for 2020 is being constructed. and expert agencies and summarizes the results of the comprehensive statistical analysis of one of the segments of the financial intermediation services market. The proposed methodology for analyzing a segment of the financial intermediation services market using the example of leasing can be widely used in the analytical activities of expert agencies, financial analysts, be useful in scientific and applied research conducted by research organizations and universities, as well as in the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in financial and economic profile universities.

scholarly journals Evolución de los daños producidos por el lobo ibérico (Canis lupus signatus) sobre la cabaña ganadera en Asturias, entre 1997 y 2016 / Evolution of the damage caused by the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) to the Asturian livestock, between 1997 and 2016

Ería ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-391
Author(s):  
Cristina García-Hernández ◽  
Benjamín González Díaz ◽  
Jesús Ruiz-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Canis Lupus Signatus ◽  
Iberian Wolf

El conflicto social originado por el lobo en Asturias parte de la existencia de posturas encontradas que oscilan entre el conservacionismo y el rechazo a la especie. Para su resolución, se hace necesario el análisis de un factor clave derivado de la interacción entre el lobo y las sociedades humanas: la depredación de esta especie sobre la cabaña ganadera. El presente estudio, basado en el análisis estadístico de los daños registrados por la Administración autonómica, tiene por objeto el análisis de la evolución de los daños de lobo a la cabaña ganadera de Asturias durante el período comprendido entre 1997 y 2016. Los resultados muestran un aumento significativo en el número de cabezas de ganado afectadas, siendo las cabañas de equino y ovino las más severamente dañadas, así como la existencia de un patrón intra-anual según el cual los daños se acentúan en la primavera, especialmente en el mes de mayo. Desde el punto de vista territorial, se observa una clara progresión de los daños hacia el norte desde las áreas montañosas del sur de la región, donde la especie ha estado siempre presente, llegando en la actualidad a afectar a ámbitos costeros y, en ocasiones, altamente humanizados.Le conflit social né autour du loup dans les Asturies comprend des positions oscillant entre conservationnisme et rejet de l’espèce. Pour le résoudre, il est nécessaire d’examiner un facteur clé dérivé de l’interaction entre le loup et les sociétés humaines: la prédation du bétail par cette espèce. Cette étude, basée sur l’analyse statistique des dommages enregistrés par l’administration régionale, vise à suivre l’évolution des dommages entre 1997 et 2016. Les résultats montrent une augmentation du nombre d’animaux affectés (équins et ovins étant plus gravement endommagés), ainsi que l’existence d’un comportement intra-annuel par lequel les dommages sont plus importants au printemps, en particulier en mai. Il y a aussi une nette progression des dégâts vers le nord, touchant les zones côtières, même très humanisées.The social conflict originated around the wolf in Asturias starts from the existence of positions that oscillate between conservationism and rejection of the species. For its resolution, it is necessary to examine a key factor derived from the interaction between the wolf and human societies: predation on livestock. The present study, based on the statistical analysis of the damages registered by the Asturian Regional Administration, aims to monitor the evolution of the damages between 1997 and 2016. The results show an increase in the number of animals affected, being the equine and the sheep the most severely damaged, as well as the existence of an intra-annual pattern whereby the damage is accentuated in the spring, especially in May. Likewise, there is a clear progression of damage to the north, currently affecting coastal areas and, sometimes, highly humanized.

scholarly journals Modeling T20I cricket bowling effectiveness: A quantile regression approach with Bayesian extension

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Sulalitha M.B. Bowala ◽  
Ananda B.W. Manage ◽  
Stephen M. Scariano
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cricket Bowling ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Initial Results

Bowling effectiveness is a key factor in winning cricket matches. The team captain should decide when to use the right bowler at the right moment so that the team can optimize the outcome of the game. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of different types of bowlers at different stages of the game, based on the conceded percentage of runs from the innings total, for each over. Bowlers are generally categorized into three types: fast bowlers, medium-fast bowlers, and spinners. In this article, the authors divided the twenty over spell of a T20I match into four stages; namely, Stage 1: overs 1-6 (PowerPlay), Stage 2: overs 7-10, Stage 3: overs 11-15, and Stage 4: overs 16-20. To understand the broad spectrum of the behavior of game variables, a Quantile Regression methodology is used for statistical analysis. Following that, a Bayesian approach to Quantile Regression is undertaken, and it confirms the initial results.

ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LATGALE AND UTENA REGIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundas Vaitiekus
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Regional Development Strategies ◽  
Political Governance

It is widely acknowledged that border regions of the country are often economically "lagging" compared to more developed areas. The level of economic and social development is a key factor in the political, economic and social efficiency of any economic entity. In areas where development is slower, there is a decrease in economic efficiency in the private sector and deterioration in the effectiveness of political governance in the public sector. The research aim is to analyze and compare the development possibilities in Latgale and Utena regions. Main research methods are content analysis, statistical analysis of data. The planning and strategic documents were analyzed in order to study the situation in Latvia and Lithuania at national, regional and local level. Statistical analysis was performed using data from the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia and the Lithuanian Department of Statistics. An assessment of the extent and trends of territorial inequality could be a useful tool for developing adequate regional development strategies which seek to reduce economic and social imbalances.  

scholarly journals CRISPRi screens reveal genes modulating yeast growth in lignocellulose hydrolysate

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Gutmann ◽  
Cosimo Jann ◽  
Filipa Pereira ◽  
Andreas Johansson ◽  
Lars M. Steinmetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Industrial Fermentation ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Lignocellulose Hydrolysate ◽  
Fermentative Growth

Abstract Background Baker’s yeast is a widely used eukaryotic cell factory, producing a diverse range of compounds including biofuels and fine chemicals. The use of lignocellulose as feedstock offers the opportunity to run these processes in an environmentally sustainable way. However, the required hydrolysis pretreatment of lignocellulosic material releases toxic compounds that hamper yeast growth and consequently productivity. Results Here, we employ CRISPR interference in S. cerevisiae to identify genes modulating fermentative growth in plant hydrolysate and in presence of lignocellulosic toxins. We find that at least one-third of hydrolysate-associated gene functions are explained by effects of known toxic compounds, such as the decreased growth of YAP1 or HAA1, or increased growth of DOT6 knock-down strains in hydrolysate. Conclusion Our study confirms previously known genetic elements and uncovers new targets towards designing more robust yeast strains for the utilization of lignocellulose hydrolysate as sustainable feedstock, and, more broadly, paves the way for applying CRISPRi screens to improve industrial fermentation processes.

scholarly journals Frequencies of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in laboratory cage populations of the mosquito, Aedes albopictus.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kambhampati ◽  
K S Rai ◽  
D M Verleye
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Random Genetic Drift ◽  
Haplotype Frequencies ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
F1 Generation

Abstract A laboratory cage experiment was undertaken to study changes over time in the frequencies of two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus, under two conditions: bidirectionally compatible matings and unidirectionally incompatible matings. Frequencies were monitored for 10 generations in three replicate cages for each of the two conditions above. In cages with bidirectionally compatible strains, changes in haplotype frequencies were nondirectional and neither haplotype increased in frequency. Statistical analysis of relative proportions of the two haplotypes in each generation indicated that the magnitude of the observed fluctuations could be expected under an assumption of random genetic drift alone. In cages with unidirectionally incompatible matings, mtDNA of females that lay inviable eggs upon mating with males of another strain, decreased significantly in the F1 generation and was completely replaced in the F2 generation.

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