scholarly journals PENGUJIAN PROPERTIES LIMBAH TAILING KERING PADAT UNTUK PEMANFAATAN MATERIAL STABILISASI TANGGUL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 633-640
Author(s):  
Rakhmad Aji Prakosa
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Shear Angle ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Dry Conditions

ABSTRAK Hasil ekstraksi ore menjadi emas pada kegiatan pengolahan emas PT.Antam Tbk. - UBPE Pongkor, menghasilkan limbah hasil olahan berupa tailing yang dibuang ke TSF dalam bentuk slurry (20%solid) kemudian diendapkan di beberapa kompartemen tampungan sebelum masuk ke Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Tailing yang mengendap kemudian dikeruk dengan alat berat menuju area penimbusan akhir dengan kondisi Tailing 60% solid. Semakin banyak tailing yang dihasilkan, maka semakin banyak juga upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk menyediakan tampungan tailing. Secara visual, tailing kering berbentuk seperti pasir, yang saat dalam kondisi padat memiliki daya dukung yang sangat baik untuk menahan beban diatasnya. Hal tersebut dibuktikan adanya dump truck dengan beban puluhan ton melintas diatas tailing kering padat sebagai pijakan tumpuannya tanpa mengalami failure. Dari kasus tersebut tailing kering dapat memungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai material konstruksi tanggul, mengingat kemampuan daya dukungnya yang cukup baik saat dalam kondisi kering padat. Sehingga perlu dilakukan pengujian properties material tailing meliputi nilai kepadatan maksimumnya (ɣd), berat jenis (BJ), nilai sudut geser dalam (ϕ), dan nilai kohesi (c).Pengujian properties material tailing dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel terganggu (disturb) pada tailing dalam kondisi kering (±75%solid). Kemudian membuat sample remoulded dari tailing kering dan diperoleh nilai kepadatan tanah maksimumnya. Dari nilai kepadatan maksimum tersebut, dilakukan pengujian geser langsung untuk mengetahui nilai sudut geser dalam dan nilai kohesinya. Selain itu juga dilakukan uji piknometer untuk menghitung densitas tailing. Dari hasil parameter pengujian tersebut, kemudian dibandingkan dengan parameter timbunan tanah merah yang biasa digunakan sebagai material konstruksi tanggul dam dengan tujuan mensubstitusi material tanah merah dengan tailing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan maksimum tailing mencapai angka 1.65 gr/cm3, dengan kadar air optimum 15.2%, kohesi 10kPa, sudut geser internal 41o dan koefisien  permeabilitas 2.19x10-4cm/dt. Jika dibandingkan dengan properties material tanah merah yang biasa digunakan, memiliki kepadatan maksimum sebesar 1.68gr/cm3, Kohesi 11.5kPa, Sudut geser internal 29o, dan koefisien permeabilitas sebesar 7.7 x 10-6cm/dt yang berarti nilai properties material tailing dan tanah relatif tidak berbeda jauh sehingga dapat dilakukan rekayasa engineering untuk memanfaatkan material tailing sebagai material konstruksi atau sebagai material stabilitas tanggul yang ada di area TSF. Kata Kunci : Tailing, pemanfaatan limbah, material konstruksi ABSTRACT Ore extraction into gold at the gold processing activities of PT.Antam Tbk. - UBPE Pongkor, produces processed waste in the form of tailings which is discharged into TSF in the form of slurry (20% solid) and then deposited in several storage compartments before entering the WastewaterTreatment Plant (IPAL). The deposited tailings are dredged with heavy equipment to the final landfill area with the condition of the tailings 60% solid. The more tailing produced, the more effort must be made to provide tailings storage. Visually, the dry tailings are shaped like sand, when it dense conditions has a very good capacity to distributing load. This case proof by the existence of dump trucks with tens of tons of load passing over the solid dry tailings as a foothold without failure. From these cases, dry tailings can be used as material for embankment construction, given their relatively good carrying capacity when in dense dry conditions. So that it is necessary to test the material properties of the tailings including its maximum density value (ɣd), specific gravity (BJ), deep shear angle value (ϕ), and cohesion value (c). Testing the material properties of tailings is done by taking disturbed samples of the tailings in dry conditions (±75% solid). Then make a remoulded sample from dry tailings and get the maximum soil density value. From the maximum density value, then direct shear testing is performed to determine the value of the deep shear angle and its cohesion value. A pycnometer test was also conducted to calculate the tailing density. From the results of the test parameters, then compared with the parameters of the red soil heap which is commonly used as a dam construction material with the aim of substituting red soil material with tailings. The results showed that the maximum density of tailings reached 1.65 gr / cm3, with an optimum moisture content of 15.2%, cohesion of 10kPa, internal shear angle of 41o and permeability coefficient of 2.19x10-4cm / s. When compared with the properties of the commonly used red soil material, it has a maximum density of 1.68gr / cm3, Cohesion of 11.5kPa, an internal shear angle of 29o, and a permeability coefficient of 7.7 x 10-6cm / second which means the value of the material properties of the tailings and the soil is relatively not differ greatly so that engineering design can be carried out to utilize tailings as construction material or as a dike stability material in the TSF area. Keywords : Tailing, Tailing Utilization, Construction Material

scholarly journals ANALISA PENGGUNAAN ALAT BERAT PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN UNDERPASS SIMPANG DEWA RUCI DENPASAR, BALI

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Andrea Saputra Antang Pratama, Fadjar Purnomo, Muhammad Fajar Subkhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Pneumatic Tire ◽  
Heavy Equipment

400 m long and 16 m wide Simpang Dewa Ruci underpass construction project is a new one in Bali. It is of drilled pile system which need heavy equipment for drilling.The purpose of this study is to find out the unit price of some heavy equipment, like drill pile, excavator back hoe, dump truck, wheel dozer, tandem vibratory roller, asphalt finisher, and pneumatic tire roller.The calculations result in unit price of job the drill with drill pile at IDR 93,921.79/m3, unit price of job entrenchment and soil moving with excavator back hoe at IDR 14,656.22/m3, unit price earth moving work with dump truck at IDR 38,324.82/m3, unit price leveling congeries with whell dozer at IDR 2,644.87/m3, unit price soil compaction and asphalt compaction with tandem vibratory roller at IDR 4,034.93/m3, unit price of the spreading asphalt with asphalt finisher at IDR 34,637.50/m3, and unit price asphalt compaction with pneumatic tire roller at IDR 13,478.42/m3.Keywords: capacity, heavy equipment, productivity, unit price, use

scholarly journals Determination of the Material Properties of the Reinforcement for Textile-Reinforced Concrete Elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej Rempel ◽  
Marcus Ricker ◽  
Tânia Feiri
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Textile Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Design Values

Abstract Textile-reinforced concrete has emerged in recent years as a new and valuable construction material. The design of textile-reinforced concrete requires knowledge on the mechanical properties of different textile types as well as their reinforcing behaviour under different loading conditions. Conventional load-bearing tests tend to be complex, time-consuming, costly and can even lack consistent specifications. To mitigate such drawbacks, a standardised tensile test for fibre strands was developed aiming at characterising the material properties needed for the design of a textile-reinforced concrete component. For the sake of this study, an epoxy resin-soaked AR-glass reinforcement was considered. The standardised tensile test uses a fibre strand with 160 mm length, which shall be cut out of a textile grid. The results show that the textile reinforcement has a linear-elastic behaviour, and the ultimate tensile strength can be statistically modelled by a Gumbel distribution. Furthermore, the results indicate that the modulus of elasticity is not influenced by the length or the number of fibre strands. Therefore, the mean value from the standardised test can be used for the design purpose. These findings are essential to derive an appropriate partial safety factor for the calculation of the design values of the tensile strength and can be used to determine the failure probability of textile-reinforced concrete components.

A Study on the Impermeability of Composite Clay of Sanitary Landfill in Loess Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Gou ◽  
Zheng Zhong Zeng ◽  
Hao Lei Guo ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiao Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Loess Area ◽  
Permeability Coefficients ◽  
Compacted Loess

Through the compaction and permeability tests on loess, either natural or compacted loess can meet the requirement of the Landfill Pollution Control Standards about impermeable clay. While the compaction weathered red soil layer of the tertiary, widely distributing under the loess, whose permeability coefficient is less than 1×10-7cm/s. In this study we mixed loess with weathered red soil to obtain a new kind of composite soil, and drew a conclusion that the composite soil can meet the requirements of Chinese national standards. When the clay content of composite soil reached 21%, the permeability coefficients are generally able to meet the requirement.

Directly Measuring the Adhesive and Elastic Properties of Bacteria using a Surface Force Apparatus: Effect of Desiccation

2006 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Ho Heo ◽  
Raina M Maier ◽  
Joan E Curry
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Film Material ◽  
Surface Forces Apparatus ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Force Profile ◽  
Dry Conditions

ABSTRACTBacterial adhesion is the first step in biofilm formation which impacts numerous environmental, industrial and medical processes. Examples of undesirable consequences of biofilm formation include metal rust, sewage sludge and bacteria-related diseases. Desirable consequences are biofiltration and bioremediation. Bacteria are resilient and can survive in harsh environments. A severe stress is desiccation since dehydration can damage DNA and change the properties of proteins. Some bacteria protect against dehydration by accumulating sugars such as sucrose and trehalose while others undergo a transformation from an active to a dormant state. Evaporative deposition of bacteria on a surface shows that some bacteria aggregate to form two dimensional patterns which may be important for nutrient sharing and survival in dry conditions. Since bacteria are increasingly being employed as components in biosensors and biofilm reactors, it is important to understand the material properties of bacteria in dry conditions for these applications. For a decade, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been the primary tool used to study the adhesion and elastic properties of individual bacteria. In this work we show it is possible to use a Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) to measure elastic and adhesive properties of small collections of surface bound bacteria. The measurements are conducted with incomplete, patterned bacterial films and we have developed a protocol to image the contact area with AFM after the experiment. Using the SFA, we measured the force profile between aPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1 film and a bare mica surface.P. aeruginosaPAO1 is a ubiquitous gram-negative soil bacterium and is also an opportunistic pathogen. We repeated the measurement in the same contact position for six days to determine the effect of desiccation on the film material properties.

scholarly journals Optimization of Heavy Equipment Capabilities in The Framework of Productivity and Coal Mining Business Sustainability: Case Study of East Kalimantan Mining Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond Sam Quarm ◽  
Mohamed Osman Elamin Busharads ◽  
Richmond Sam-Quarm
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Optimum Cost ◽  
Match Factor

Coal mining business is now faced with various challenges such as export restrictions policy, an increase in value added products, and the decline in market prices of products. To be able to compete, mining companies are expected to increase productivity and efficiency and make continuous improvements in the production process. In the mining process, the availability of equipment and dump truck unloading tool will determine the sustainability of production that have an impact on productivity and efficiency. The purpose of this study was to optimize the production of coal mining in the context of the efficient use of equipment using the match factor, queues, and linear programming. The research location is in the area of the mining concession contractor KTD Corp is in the village of Embalut, District Tenggarong Seberang, Kertanegara Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan in October-November 2015. Unloading equipment used backhoe excavator is 5 units and 32 units of dump trucks. The simulation results match factor generated by the method optimal dump truck needs 26 units, while the queuing method and linear programming as much as 25 units of dump truck. The results of production optimization with linear programming method produced mining productivity of 1,208 BCM of overburden per hour with the optimum cost of $ 0,909/BCM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document