Research note: Lies and presidential debates: How political misinformation spread across media streams during the 2020 election

This study aims to uncover the political discourse of the Presidential Candidates after the second round of debates, Jokowi VS Prabowo in virtual space. The background of the political discourse of the 2019 Presidential Election debate in the virtual space gave rise to various responses and sentiments among the supporters. After the Presidential Election debate, the hashtag war between #BohongLagiJokowi and # 02GagapUnicorn on social media Twitter became the main discussion. The aim is to disperse the power, ideology, and interests behind the presidential political discourse through the Fairclough Critical Discourse Analysis. The research method uses qualitative methods to parse the problem in research, using critical thinking as a basis for research. The results showed the tweet of Prabowo supporters trying to show stunts through language. The use of subject pronouns such as the word Mukidi to dwarf the subject, also uses the hashtags #DeletJokowi, #UnistallJokowi, and #BohongLagiJokowi as symbols of virtual communication. In contrast, the tweet of Jokowi's supporters sent a stuttering sentiment because they didn't understand the e-comer business. Hashtag # 02GagapUnicorn as a virtual symbol for organizing texts. In the order of messo or the production of text, the two supporters make a virtual symbol through the hashtag to become a topic of discussion on Twitter. In the situational or macro aspects are influenced by the post-truth phenomenon that is vague information whose source is unclear, have an impact on the inclusion of opinions on the assassination of certain characters. The advice, wise social media, understand and thoroughly source of information, is not affected by the use of certain metaphors, and at the stage of text, production needs to pay attention to the effects that will impact on the influence of social psychology of each supporter.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap diskursus politik Capres pasca debat putaran kedua, Jokowi VS Prabowo di ruang virtual. Dilatarbelakangi oleh lanskap diskursus politik debat Pilpres 2019 di ruang virtual yang menimbulkan berbagai tanggapan dan sentimen di antara kedua kubu pendukung. Pasca debat Pilpres perang tagar antara #BohongLagiJokowi dan #02GagapUnicorn di Twitter menjadi pembahasan utama. Tujuannya untuk membongkar kuasa, ideologi dan kepentingan di balik wacana politik Pilpres melalui analisis wacana kritis Fairclough. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengurai masalah dalam penelitian, dengan menggunakan pemikiran kritis sebagai dasar pijakan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tweet warganet pendukung Prabowo berusaha menunjukkan pengkerdilan melalui Bahasa. Penggunaan kata ganti subjek seperti kata Mukidi untuk mengkerdilkan subjek, juga menggunakan tagar #DeletJokowi, #UninstallJokowi dan #BohongLagiJokowi sebagai simbol komunikasi virtual. Namun sebaliknya, tweet warganet pendukung Jokowi membuat sentimen dengan kata-kata gagap karena tidak memahami bisnis milenial (e-commerce). Tagar #02GagapUnicorn sebagai simbol virtual untuk pengorganisasin teks, sedangkan di tahapan produksi teks (messo) kedua pendukung membuat simbol virtual melalui tagar (#) untuk menjadi tren topik pembahasan di Twitter. Pada aspek situasional (makro) dipengaruhi oleh fenomena post-truth yaitu informasi-informasi samar yang tidak jelas sumbernya, berdampak terhadap penggiringan opini terhadap pembunuhan karakter tertentu. Sarannya, bijak bermedia sosial, pahami dan teliti sumber informasinya, tidak terpengaruh terhadap penggunaaan metafora tertentu, serta pada tahap produksi teks perlu memperhatikan efeknya yang akan berdampak pada pengaruh psikologi sosial masing-masing pendukung.

Download Full-text

One of Many Tools to Win the Election

Advances in Public Policy and Administration - (R)evolutionizing Political Communication through Social Media ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9879-6.ch011 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 210-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashik Shafi ◽

Fred Vultee

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Real Life ◽

Political Agenda ◽

Agenda Building ◽

Election Campaigns ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

The Public ◽

Virtual Presence ◽

Us Presidential Election

Presidential campaigns today are increasingly integrating social media such as Facebook as an efficient tool to communicate with the public and organize their supporters. In a bid to explore how the Facebook is used by the politicians during election campaigns, this chapter explored official Facebook posts by two presidential candidates ahead of the 2012 US presidential election. The findings suggest Facebook was used in the campaign as a platform to organize like-minded voters, and reporting a virtual presence to the voters. Facebook was used strategically to resonate with the real-life campaign, and disseminate instant messages, rather than engaging in discussion with the public. The two candidates had only minor difference in the characteristics of their Facebook contents. The implication of the research for the online political agenda-building tactics is discussed.

Download Full-text

Don’t Republicans Tweet Too? Using Twitter to Assess the Consequences of Political Endorsements by Celebrities

Perspectives on Politics ◽

10.1017/s1537592719002603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 144-160

Author(s):

Jan Zilinsky ◽

Cristian Vaccari ◽

Jonathan Nagler ◽

Joshua A. Tucker

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Presidential Candidate ◽

Hillary Clinton ◽

Donald Trump ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

Political Preferences ◽

The Social ◽

Decision To Stay ◽

Presidential Election Campaign

Michael Jordan supposedly justified his decision to stay out of politics by noting that Republicans buy sneakers too. In the social media era, the name of the game for celebrities is engagement with fans. So why then do celebrities risk talking about politics on social media, which is likely to antagonize a portion of their fan base? With this question in mind, we analyze approximately 220,000 tweets from 83 celebrities who chose to endorse a presidential candidate in the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign to assess whether there is a cost—defined in terms of engagement on Twitter—for celebrities who discuss presidential candidates. We also examine whether celebrities behave similarly to other campaign surrogates in being more likely to take on the “attack dog” role by going negative more often than going positive. More specifically, we document how often celebrities of distinct political preferences tweet about Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders, and Hillary Clinton, and we show that followers of opinionated celebrities do not withhold engagement when entertainers become politically mobilized and do indeed often go negative. Interestingly, in some cases political content from celebrities actually turns out to be more popular than typical lifestyle tweets.

Download Full-text

Twitter, Presidential Debates and Attention Economy: A Symbiosis between Television Audience and Social Media Users during Campaign Season

Communication & Society ◽

10.15581/003.33.3.51-65 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 51-65

Author(s):

Pedro Santander ◽

Claudio Elórtegui ◽

Camila Buzzo

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Volumetric Analysis ◽

Mobile Platforms ◽

User Interest ◽

Traditional Media ◽

Presidential Debates ◽

User Interactions ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

Attention Economy ◽

Television Audience

The year 2017 was an intense electoral year in Chile, both parliamentary and presidential. In this context, by using computer intelligence, an interdisciplinary team conducted a collection and volumetric analysis of over 3 million Twitter messages belonging to users that mentioned, at least once, any of the presidential candidates, both in the first and second voting round. Our goal was focused on analyzing the relationship between traditional media (radio and television) and Twitter, probing user interactions during the broadcast of live political shows, with emphasis on presidential debates. For this purpose, we carried out a volumetric analysis of all mentions in social media during the broadcast of live political shows to characterize the digital attention of the audience, under different parameters. Our results show that there is high user interest in the digital debate regarding presidential debates, a positive correlation between traditional media and Twitter during the broadcast of live political shows, and that, also, the latter trigger social media; furthermore, we verify the double screen phenomenon made possible by mobile platforms.

Download Full-text

A Tale of Two Twitterspheres: Political Microblogging During and After the 2016 Primary and Presidential Debates

Journal of Marketing Research ◽

10.1177/0022243719861923 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 895-917 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ron Berman ◽

Shiri Melumad ◽

Colman Humphrey ◽

Robert Meyer

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Presidential Debates ◽

Political Debates ◽

State Of The Union ◽

Limited Role ◽

Using Data ◽

Over Time

In this research, the authors study the process by which social media posts are created and shared during live political debates. Using data from over 9.5 million tweets posted during and shortly after four key debates leading up to the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the authors test a series of hypotheses about how tweeting evolves over time during such events. They find that (1) as the debates progressed, the content of the “Twittersphere” became increasingly decoupled from the live event, and (2) the drivers of the success of tweets during the debates differed from the drivers of success observed after the debates. During the debates, users acted akin to narrators, posting shorter tweets that commented on unfolding events, with linguistic emotionality playing a limited role in sharing. However, when the debates were over, users acted more like interpreters, with successful posts being more elaborate and visually and emotionally rich accounts of the event. Evidence for the generalizability of the findings is provided by an analysis of Barack Obama’s last State of the Union Address, where similar dynamics are observed.

Download Full-text

Votes on Twitter: Assessing Candidate Preferences and Topics of Discussion During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244018791653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 215824401879165 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anjie Fang ◽

Philip Habel ◽

Iadh Ounis ◽

Craig MacDonald

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Social Media ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

Bayes Model ◽

Twitter Data ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Machine Learning Model ◽

2016 Election ◽

High Degree

Social media offers scholars new and innovative ways of understanding public opinion, including citizens’ prospective votes in elections and referenda. We classify social media users’ preferences over the two U.S. presidential candidates in the 2016 election using Twitter data and explore the topics of conversation among proClinton and proTrump supporters. We take advantage of hashtags that signaled users’ vote preferences to train our machine learning model which employs a novel classifier—a Topic-Based Naive Bayes model—that we demonstrate improves on existing classifiers. Our findings demonstrate that we are able to classify users with a high degree of accuracy and precision. We further explore the similarities and divergences among what proClinton and proTrump users discussed on Twitter.

Download Full-text

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR THE SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA’S 2019 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v22i1.1532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 78-92

Author(s):

GA Buntoro ◽

R Arifin ◽

GN Syaifuddiin ◽

A Selamat ◽

O Krejcar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Social Media ◽

Sentiment Analysis ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Naive Bayes ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Naïve Bayes ◽

Machine Learning Algorithm ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

N Gram

In 2019, citizens of Indonesia participated in the democratic process of electing a new president, vice president, and various legislative candidates for the country. The 2019 Indonesian presidential election was very tense in terms of the candidates' campaigns in cyberspace, especially on social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+, Tumblr, LinkedIn, etc. The Indonesian people used social media platforms to express their positive, neutral, and also negative opinions on the respective presidential candidates. The campaigning of respective social media users on their choice of candidates for regents, governors, and legislative positions up to presidential candidates was conducted via the Internet and online media. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to conduct sentiment analysis on the candidates in the 2019 Indonesia presidential election based on Twitter datasets. The study used datasets on the opinions expressed by the Indonesian people available on Twitter with the hashtags (#) containing "Jokowi and Prabowo." We conducted data pre-processing using a selection of comments, data cleansing, text parsing, sentence normalization and tokenization based on the given text in the Indonesian language, determination of class attributes, and, finally, we classified the Twitter posts with the hashtags (#) using Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to achieve an optimal and maximum optimization accuracy. The study provides benefits in terms of helping the community to research opinions on Twitter that contain positive, neutral, or negative sentiments. Sentiment Analysis on the candidates in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election on Twitter using non-conventional processes resulted in cost, time, and effort savings. This research proved that the combination of the SVM machine learning algorithm and alphabetic tokenization produced the highest accuracy value of 79.02%. While the lowest accuracy value in this study was obtained with a combination of the NBC machine learning algorithm and N-gram tokenization with an accuracy value of 44.94%. ABSTRAK: Pada tahun 2019 rakyat Indonesia telah terlibat dalam proses demokrasi memilih presiden baru, wakil presiden, dan berbagai calon legislatif negara. Pemilihan presiden Indonesia 2019 sangat tegang dalam kempen calon di ruang siber, terutama di laman media sosial seperti Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+, Tumblr, LinkedIn, dll. Rakyat Indonesia menggunakan platfom media sosial bagi menyatakan pendapat positif, berkecuali, dan juga negatif terhadap calon presiden masing-masing. Kampen pencalonan menteri, gabenor, dan perundangan hingga pencalonan presiden dilakukan melalui media internet dan atas talian. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan bagi menilai sentimen terhadap calon pemilihan presiden Indonesia 2019 berdasarkan kumpulan data Twitter. Kajian ini menggunakan kumpulan data yang diungkapkan oleh rakyat Indonesia yang terdapat di Twitter dengan hashtag (#) yang mengandungi "Jokowi dan Prabowo." Proses data dibuat menggunakan pilihan komentar, pembersihan data, penguraian teks, normalisasi kalimat, dan tokenisasi teks dalam bahasa Indonesia, penentuan atribut kelas, dan akhirnya, pengklasifikasian catatan Twitter dengan hashtag (#) menggunakan Klasifikasi Naïve Bayes (NBC) dan Mesin Vektor Sokongan (SVM) bagi mencapai ketepatan optimum dan maksimum. Kajian ini memberikan faedah dari segi membantu masyarakat meneliti pendapat di Twitter yang mengandungi sentimen positif, neutral, atau negatif. Analisis Sentimen terhadap calon dalam pemilihan presiden Indonesia 2019 di Twitter menggunakan proses bukan konvensional menghasilkan penjimatan kos, waktu, dan usaha. Penyelidikan ini membuktikan bahawa gabungan algoritma pembelajaran mesin SVM dan tokenisasi abjad menghasilkan nilai ketepatan tertinggi iaitu 79.02%. Manakala nilai ketepatan terendah dalam kajian ini diperoleh dengan kombinasi algoritma pembelajaran mesin NBC dan tokenisasi N-gram dengan nilai ketepatan 44.94%.

Download Full-text

TINDAK TUTUR KOMISIF DAN EKSPRESIF DALAM DEBAT CAPRES-CAWAPRES PADA PILPRES 2019

Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.24036/81088710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Febriani Khatimah Herfani ◽

Ngusman Abdul Manaf

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Speech Acts ◽

Presidential Candidate ◽

Presidential Debates ◽

Expressive Speech ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

Data Source ◽

Presidential Debate

This study aims to: (1) formulate the types of commissive speech acts used by presidential and vice presidential candidates in the presidential and vice presidential debates at the 2019 presidential election, (3) formulate the types of expressive speech acts used by presidential and vice presidential candidates in the presidential and vice presidential debates at the 2019 presidential election, (2) formulating the speech strategy used by presidential and vice presidential candidates in the presidential and vice presidential debates at the 2019 presidential election. This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive methods. The data source in this study is the speech of the 2019 presidential and vice presidential candidates downloaded via Youtube. Based on the results of data analysis, three findings were concluded. First, the types of commissive speech acts used by presidential and vice-presidential candidates in the presidential and vice presidential debates at the presidential election, namely (1) promising, (2) vowing, (3) offering, (4) swearing, and (5) intending. Second, the types of expressive speech acts that exist in the vice presidential debate in the 2019 presidential election are, (1) congratulate, (2) say thank you, (3) apologize, (4) praise, (5) criticize, (6) insinuate , and (7) complaining. Third, the speech strategy used in the vice presidential candidate debate in the 2019 presidential election, (1) speaking without further ado, (2) speaking with positive politeness politeness, (3) speaking with negative politeness pleasantries, and (4) speak vaguely.

Download Full-text

The Consequences of Digitally Driven Changes in Political Campaigning for Democratic Societies: A Case Study of the 2020 US Presidential Election

10.31219/osf.io/5b82v ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Evi Aryati Arbay ◽

Julian Aldrin Pasha ◽

Ari Santoso Widodo

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Political Campaigns ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Social Media Platforms ◽

Us Presidential Election ◽

Democratic Societies

The effect from COVID-19 pandemic has changed how presidential candidates do their political campaigns. The restriction to do social distancing makes the usual campaign not doable. That’s why presidential candidates need to find another way for their political campaign, which is by doing things digitally. This digitally driven changes can have its advantages and disadvantages. In this paper we discuss about the consequences of the changes in political campaigns in digital form or through social media for democratic societies in US presidential election. We use qualitative descriptive with case study method. In this paper we use secondary data such as research journals that’s related to this topic, documentation and articles. We find that the changes to digital campaigning have its own pros and cons that can affect how politicians do their campaigns on their social media platforms.

Download Full-text

Beginner Voter Perception of Presidential Candidates (Case Study of the Presidential Election in 2019)

Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal ◽

10.33258/birle.v3i2.941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 795-801

Author(s):

Syahrur Razy ◽

Winarno Winarno ◽

Rusnaini Rusnaini

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Vice President ◽

Study Data ◽

General Election ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Study Population ◽

The Media ◽

Quantitative Descriptive

In the 2019 general election, the Indonesian people simultaneously elected the President and Vice President and legislative members. The Indonesian people are waiting for who will lead the next five years, especially for the President and Vice President with figures Joko Widodo - Ma'ruf Amin and challenger Prabowo Subianto - Sandiagan Uno. This study aims to determine the perceptions of first-time voters in the two-figure Presidential election in 2019. This study uses a quantitative descriptive study, data obtained from the sample of the study population were analyzed according to the statistical methods used. Descriptive research in this study is intended to get the perception of novice voters at SMAN 5 Surakarta of the presidential candidates in the 2019 general election. There are several things that can affect perceptions about the figure of the President, namely leadership, anti-corruption, welfare, nationalism and change for a more Indonesian state good. All factors are obtained through social media owned by novice voters. Beginner voters in SMAN 5 Surakarta are in the category of critical voters because with knowledge of social media and issues in the media are able to assess whether the prospective leader is eligible to be elected in the general election.

Download Full-text