scholarly journals Geography of brewery: development of spatial distribution of Czech beer market after 1989

Geografie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Hasman ◽  
David Hána ◽  
Kryštof Materna
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Retail Development ◽  
Retail Geography ◽  
Retail Strategy ◽  
Location Strategies

Much of the current research in economic geography focuses on spatial distribution of industries and their market competition. As the data about localization are relatively easily accessible, empirical studies are often conducted. However, our knowledge of retail distribution strategies is still incomplete. By examining 54 Czech breweries and their distribution regions, this article aims to fill the knowledge gap relating to retail distribution strategies in the brewing industry. Based on the Bennison typology of retail location strategies, which is used within the field of retail development, we identified four factors determining the decision on the future retail strategy of a specific brewery: geographic location, competitiveness, affiliation to a business group, and beer taste. As a result, the Czech beer market constitutes not only an attractive topic, but also an exceptional case for the study of economic actors’ spatial behaviour. The article tries to contribute to the social and scientific knowledge by adding a topic located on the borders of economic geography and retail geography which has not yet been studied in this way.

scholarly journals A Spatial Index for Identifying Opportunity Zones for Woody Cellulosic Conversion Facilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Huang ◽  
James H. Perdue ◽  
Timothy M. Young
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Landscape Index ◽  
Ownership Type ◽  
South Central

A challenge in the development of renewable energy is the ability to spatially assess the risk of feedstock supply to conversion facilities. Policy makers and investors need improved methods to identify the interactions associated with landscape features, socioeconomic conditions, and ownership patterns, and the influence these variables have on the geographic location of potential conversion facilities. This study estimated opportunity zones for woody cellulosic feedstocks based on landscape suitability and market competition for the resource. The study covered 13 Southern States which was a segment of a broader study that covered 33 Eastern United States which also included agricultural biomass. All spatial data were organized at the 5-digit zip code tabulation area (ZCTA). A landscape index was developed using factors such as forest land cover area, net forest growth, ownership type, population density, median family income, and farm income. A competition index was developed based on the annual growth-to-removal ratio and capacities of existing woody cellulosic conversion facilities. Combining the indices resulted in the identification of 592 ZCTAs that were considered highly desirable zones for woody cellulosic conversion facilities. These highly desirable zones were located in Central Mississippi, Northern Arkansas, South central Alabama, Southwest Georgia, Southeast Oklahoma, Southwest Kentucky, and Northwest Tennessee.

Evolving Views of Islamic Law in Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Powell
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Legal Opinions ◽  
Turkish Constitution ◽  
The Relationship

The tradition of Kemalist secularism (laiklik) in Turkey is often cited to distinguish Turkey as an exceptional case among predominantly Muslim countries. While it is true that the Turkish Constitution, laws, and legal opinions approach the relationship between the state and religion very differently than those of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, or even Indonesia, it would be wrong to underestimate the role that religion plays in the formation of Turkish legal norms, including citizen understanding of those norms. There is a wealth of literature describing the nature of Turkish secularism and its evolution. A number of both quantitative and qualitative studies inquire about the preference forShari'aamong Turkish voters. The typical question asks whether respondents favor the establishment of aShari'astate. Over the past fifteen years, these surveys have received response rates ranging between five and twenty-five percent in favor of such a state. However, these results are extremely problematic, because they do not provide any context or meaning for “the establishment of aShari'astate,” either for those who favor it or for those who oppose it. This study begins to unpack the range of possible meanings attributed toShari'awithin Turkey, both among voters and among intellectuals, as a framework for future empirical studies and as a basis for deeper understandings of the role of Islam within Turkish law and politics.

Ecological and environmental indicators of Brazil Nut Tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) in Flona do Jamari, Rondônia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-751
Author(s):  
Nilson Reinaldo Fernandes dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Diogo Martins Rosa ◽  
José Das Dores de Sá Rocha ◽  
Marta Silvana Volpato Sccoti ◽  
Scheila Cristina Biazatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Individual Trees

Mapping Brazil nut trees in the Amazon is essential for indicating its distribution patterns within different ecosystems, while also being useful to estimate the species productive potential. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of Brazil nut trees in Flona do Jamari – RO, considering its environmental and topographic conditions. A census was performed for all individual trees sized ≥ 35 cm in diameter at 1.30 m breast height (DBH) above the ground of six Annual Production Units (APU) in Forest Management Unit III (FMU-III), a 11,011.2 ha area of Flona do Jamari, RO. DBH and geographic location (GPS) were collected for each tree. Structure and diameter distribution were evaluated by abundance, density, dominance, and frequency. The Morisita index was used to identify the spatial distribution pattern. The environment was defined by the local relative height found along the drainage network, by the digital model Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND). Most trees were among DBH intermediate classes (60 to 140 cm), and only a few were young trees (DBH < 50 cm). Brazil nut trees present a random spatial distribution and a predominant distribution pattern of 'terra-firme (solid ground)'. Such information on the species structural, spatial, and ecological patterns serve as key elements for further studies on production potential.

scholarly journals Multi-brand loyalty in consumer markets: a qualitatively-driven mixed methods approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2419-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Arifine ◽  
Reto Felix ◽  
Olivier Furrer
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Factor ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Congruence Identity ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Purpose Although multi-brand loyalty (MBL) in consumer markets has been identified in previous brand loyalty research, empirical studies have not yet explored the facets of its different types. This paper aims to have a deeper understanding of MBL by investigating its different types and facets. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a sequential, qualitatively driven mixed-method design consisting of in-depth interviews and supplementary survey research. Findings The findings of this study suggest that mood congruence, identity enhancement, unavailability risk reduction and market competition are the most important facets that explains the two types of MBL (complementary-based and product substitutes). Furthermore, the findings show that the family factor can motivate consumers to be multi-brand loyal by adding brands to an initially family-endorsed brand. Research limitations/implications This study advances the conceptual foundations of MBL and extends previous research on brand loyalty. Some of the findings may be limited to the economic and cultural context of relatively affluent countries with an abundance of market offers. Practical implications Marketing managers gain insights into how to manage brand loyalty and how to transition from MBL to single-brand loyalty. Originality/value The study generates novel insights into the facets of different types of MBL.

scholarly journals Transport cost in location practice and economic geography: traditional theories, some new dimensions and policy implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Manolis Christofakis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Abstract This paper outlines the main theoretical approaches to the role of transport in spatial organization and investigates possible new extensions at a theoretical and practical level, focusing on the analysis of transport cost. Beginning from the traditional theories of spatial distribution and the location of economic activities under transport cost, the analysis focuses on the related approaches of the new economic geography, which are based on the assumptions of the known “iceberg cost”. After that, through the presentation of indicative empirical studies, the paper attempts to clarify new issues that should be taken into account in the relevant theoretical considerations as well as in the political practice. Thus, factors such as the change of production structure in the modern economies with the production of more quality products, lower mass, and higher relative value and intangible goods, in combination with the improved transport technology, have contributed to a continuous reduction of the transport cost of raw materials and productive goods over the years. These developments along with the growing importance of cost of moving people should be taken into account in the new theoretical interrogations and the political practice of regional and urban development

New Economic Geography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-mu Chen ◽  
Shin-Kun Peng
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Spatial Economy ◽  
Spatial Configurations

For research attempting to investigate why economic activities are distributed unevenly across geographic space, new economic geography (NEG) provides a general equilibrium-based and microfounded approach to modeling a spatial economy characterized by a large variety of economic agglomerations. NEG emphasizes how agglomeration (centripetal) and dispersion (centrifugal) forces interact to generate observed spatial configurations and uneven distributions of economic activity. However, numerous economic geographers prefer to refer to the term new economic geographies as vigorous and diversified academic outputs that are inspired by the institutional-cultural turn of economic geography. Accordingly, the term geographical economics has been suggested as an alternative to NEG. Approaches for modeling a spatial economy through the use of a general equilibrium framework have not only rendered existing concepts amenable to empirical scrutiny and policy analysis but also drawn economic geography and location theories from the periphery to the center of mainstream economic theory. Reduced-form empirical studies have attempted to test certain implications of NEG. However, due to NEG’s simplified geographic settings, the developed NEG models cannot be easily applied to observed data. The recent development of quantitative spatial models based on the mechanisms formalized by previous NEG theories has been a breakthrough in building an empirically relevant framework for implementing counterfactual policy exercises. If quantitative spatial models can connect with observed data in an empirically meaningful manner, they can enable the decomposition of key theoretical mechanisms and afford specificity in the evaluation of the general equilibrium effects of policy interventions in particular settings. Several decades since its proposal, NEG has been criticized for its parsimonious assumptions about the economy across space and time. Therefore, existing challenges still require theoretical and quantitative models on new microfoundations pertaining to the interactions between economic agents across geographical space and the relationship between geography and economic development.

Trend Analysis of the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction from 1989 to 2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-723
Author(s):  
John Neumann ◽  
Jennifer M. Ross ◽  
Peter Terrence ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
System Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Computer Interaction

This report looks at the research trends over the years 1989 — 2004 as published in the International Journal of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Over this time period, there has been a concerned focus by scholars and practitioners to bring issues such as interface design, usability engineering, human information processing, and user-centric system development into the mainstream consciousness of engineers and developers. Our research aims to provide information to both scholars and developers on the past and current trends in the growing field of HCI. Using the PsycINFO journal database, we compiled an extensive Excel workbook containing relevant information on all the articles appearing in the journal since its inception. We were then able to classify each document using the ACM SIGCHI taxonomy, developed by Hewett, et al. This taxonomy permits classification of articles based on six factors, within one of 17 possible categories. Several other dimensions were examined including year & period of publication (1989–1993; 1994–1999; 2000–2004), author affiliation, geographic location, number of empirical studies per paper, and average sample size per study. We also reported the classifications of each article as reported by PsycINFO. Besides noting the clear growth in the total number of articles published each period, our results indicate that the field of Human Computer Interaction has seen changes in research focus. Current trends point to an increase in research focusing on developmental processes, usability evaluation methods, human communication and interaction, and applications. Another trend shows a notable decrease in empirical studies using human participants over the 15-year period.

scholarly journals Will Decline in Foreign Trade Reshape Internal Economic Geography? Simulations in an Estimated Model of the Chinese Space-economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Qiliang Mao ◽  
Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Space Economy ◽  
Parameter Values

This study evaluates the role of decline in foreign trade in shaping China’s internal economic Geography. In a first step, we develop a multi-region multi-industry economic geography model under Cournot competition, of which we estimate the parameter values from real regional and industry data to obtain a predictable model. Next, we set some scenarios reflecting a decline in export to simulate the evolution of industrial spatial pattern. The simulations indicate the evident impact of decreasing export on the spatial distribution of industries; besides, the degree of influence varies across different industries. Moreover, the decline in export of one industry not only influences its own location, but also the location of the forward or backward-linked industries. However, the general spatial pattern, observed after policy reforms and trade liberalization, will not be reversed due to export recession in China.

Form Contract

2019 ◽  
pp. 718-737
Author(s):  
Tal Kastner
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
American Law ◽  
Form Contract ◽  
Contract Language

In light of the tendency to view contract through a lens of free will and agreement, this chapter approaches contract from the vantage point of standard form agreements. Drawing on empirical studies, behavioral psychology, law and economics contract scholarship, critical legal studies, legal history, and literary theory, it counters the prevailing view of standard terms as the exceptional case of contract. Through the lens of deconstruction, the chapter highlights the contextual contingency of standard form and refracts the presumptions in society and law concerning the allocation of resources. It identifies how the contemporary proliferation and routine enforcement of ancillary terms such as arbitration provisions in the current day epitomize how contract serves as a tool to leverage power. Examining form-contract scholarship and case law, the chapter reveals the expressive possibility of standard form in American law. It shows how the phenomenon of boilerplate exemplifies the process by which contract language serves to manifest agreement, shaping an understanding of freedom. The chapter extends the insights of legal history concerning the limits of contract freedom in the nineteenth century. In doing so, it draws on American literature to illustrate a changing paradigm of freedom—from wage labor to real estate development to consumption—and the attendant allocation of resources that shape voluntary exchange. By virtue of boilerplate’s contextual contingency, this deconstructive perspective reveals the potential to redistribute resources through standard form contract, and thereby not only create value but shape social norms.

scholarly journals Understanding subjective well-being: perspectives from psychology and public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti V. Das ◽  
Carla Jones-Harrell ◽  
Yingling Fan ◽  
Anu Ramaswami ◽  
Ben Orlove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Online Catalogs ◽  
Multiple Theory ◽  
Personal Orientation

Abstract Background Individual subjective well-being (SWB) is essential for creating and maintaining healthy, productive societies. The literature on SWB is vast and dispersed across multiple disciplines. However, few reviews have summarized the theoretical and empirical tenets of SWB literature across disciplinary boundaries. Methods We cataloged and consolidated SWB-related theories and empirical evidence from the fields of psychology and public health using a combination of online catalogs of scholarly articles and online search engines to retrieve relevant articles. For both theories and determinants/correlates of SWB, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Google Scholar were used to obtain relevant articles. Articles for the review were screened for relevance, varied perspectives, journal impact, geographic location of study, and topicality. A core theme of SWB empirical literature was the identification of SWB determinants/correlates, and over 100 research articles were reviewed and summarized for this review. Results We found that SWB theories can be classified into four groups: fulfillment and engagement theories, personal orientation theories, evaluative theories, and emotional theories. A critical analysis of the conflicts and overlaps between these theories reveals the lack of a coherent theoretical and methodological framework that would make empirical research systematically comparable. We found that determinants/correlates of SWB can be grouped into seven broad categories: basic demographics, socioeconomic status, health and functioning, personality, social support, religion and culture, and geography and infrastructure. However, these are rarely studied consistently or used to test theories. Conclusions The lack of a clear, unifying theoretical basis for categorizing and comparing empirical studies can potentially be overcome using an operationalizable criterion that focuses on the dimension of SWB studied, measure of SWB used, design of the study, study population, and types of determinants and correlates. From our review of the empirical literature on SWB, we found that the seven categories of determinants/correlates identified may potentially be used to improve the link between theory and empirical research, and that the overlap in the determinant/correlates as they relate to multiple theory categories may enable us to test theories in unison. However, doing so in the future would require a conscious effort by researchers in several areas, which are discussed.

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