scholarly journals The Underrepresentation and the Disinterest of Malay Women in Nursing in the Early Post-Colonial Malaysia (1957-1977): A Cultural Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-200
Author(s):  
Salilah Saidun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Nursing Workforce ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Majority Population

Modern nursing started in Malaysia during the colonial rule and with embedded colonial values. During the first two decades of post-independent Malaysia, the Malays were a minority in the nursing workforce despite being the majority population. This study examines the issue of this paradoxical underrepresentation of Malay women from the lens of Malay culture during this period. Document analysis was conducted on relevant annual reports, official letters, minute papers, newspaper articles and parliamentary debates official reports between 1957 and 1977. The findings suggest that the underrepresentation of the Malays in nursing was predominantly due to the disinterest of Malay women to become nurses due to the discordance between the Malay culture and various aspects of nursing. This article highlights the importance of a culturally sensitive work environment in promoting inclusivity for the diverse members of the society.

Subalternity and Entrepreneurship

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgil Henry Storr ◽  
Bridget Butkevich
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
Black Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurs are cultural creatures and culture affects how they conceive their opportunities and how they determine and pursue their interests. Understanding entrepreneurship in any particular context thus requires attention to be paid to prevailing cultural beliefs as well as the formal and informal institutions that affect economic behaviour. This paper adopts the important but seldom used approach of focusing upon the tales of entrepreneurship prevalent in a given culture. The authors argue that to get a sense of the economic culture in a particular context, it is crucial to focus on what a culture's success and failure stories tell about how to get ahead. Arguably, this approach is particularly important if the goal is to understand entrepreneurship amongst subaltern/marginalized groups. Using fiction from the former Soviet bloc, where a one-dimensional form of entrepreneurship flourished even within the command economy, and literature from anglophone Africa and the British Caribbean where black entrepreneurship had to contend with brutal colonial rule and post-colonial corruption, this paper highlights how entrepreneurs were influenced by culture in these contexts, and explores the origins of these cultural factors.

Conceptions of Community in Colonial Southeast Asia

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 337-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Asian Values ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Shared Commitment

It is a commonplace that European rule contributed both to the consolidation of the nation-states of Southeast Asia and to the aggravation of disputes within them. Since their independence, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam have all faced the upheavals of secessionism or irredentism or communalism. Governments have responded to threats of fragmentation by appeals to national ideologies like Sukarno's pancasila (five principles) or Ne Win's ‘Burmese way to socialism’. In attempting to realise unity in diversity, they have paraded a common experience of the struggle for independence from colonial rule as well as a shared commitment to post-colonial modernisation. They have also ruthlessly repressed internal opposition or blamed their problems upon the foreign forces of neocolonialism, world communism, western materialism, and other threats to Asian values. Yet, because its effects were uneven and inconsistent while the reactions to it were varied and frequently equivocal, the part played by colonialism in shaping the affiliations and identities of Southeast Asian peoples was by no means clear-cut.

Assessing Multilingual Multicultural Teachers' Communication Styles

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Sevinj Iskandarova ◽  
Oris T. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Positive Work Environment ◽  
Verbal And Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Positive Work

As many educational institutions become more globally competitive, and the number of diverse teachers increases, it becomes even more imperative to avoid what some cultures might deem as inappropriate and unprofessional verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. Those behaviors are sometimes interpreted in different ways, depending on the cultural perspective. Any unwanted verbal and non-verbal actions often increase stress, unwelcomed job pressures, and hinder a positive work environment. At the institutional level where teachers are very diverse, understanding verbal and nonverbal behaviors must be addressed. The researchers propose a methodology which will help multilingual, multicultural teachers' communication styles within the workplace and how to improve cross-cultural team collaborations. Additionally, the information provided in this study allows educational leaders to make inferences about their teachers' team performance and expectations based on their motivation, experiences, and skills used when working with a multicultural team.

Authentic Leaders Creating Healthy Work Environments for Nursing Practice

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Shirey
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Nursing Workforce ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Healthy Work Environment ◽  
Healthy Work ◽  
Healthy Work Environments

Implementation of authentic leadership can affect not only the nursing workforce and the profession but the healthcare delivery system and society as a whole. Creating a healthy work environment for nursing practice is crucial to maintain an adequate nursing workforce; the stressful nature of the profession often leads to burnout, disability, and high absenteeism and ultimately contributes to the escalating shortage of nurses. Leaders play a pivotal role in retention of nurses by shaping the healthcare practice environment to produce quality outcomes for staff nurses and patients. Few guidelines are available, however, for creating and sustaining the critical elements of a healthy work environment. In 2005, the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses released a landmark publication specifying 6 standards (skilled communication, true collaboration, effective decision making, appropriate staffing, meaningful recognition, and authentic leadership) necessary to establish and sustain healthy work environments in healthcare. Authentic leadership was described as the “glue” needed to hold together a healthy work environment. Now, the roles and relationships of authentic leaders in the healthy work environment are clarified as follows: An expanded definition of authentic leadership and its attributes (eg, genuineness, trustworthiness, reliability, compassion, and believability) is presented. Mechanisms by which authentic leaders can create healthy work environments for practice (eg, engaging employees in the work environment to promote positive behaviors) are described. A practical guide on how to become an authentic leader is advanced. A research agenda to advance the study of authentic leadership in nursing practice through collaboration between nursing and business is proposed.

scholarly journals Artikel

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-394
Author(s):  
Jenny Cisneros Örnberg ◽  
Hildigunnur Ólafsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
International Pressures ◽  
The Eu

The growth of the EU internal market has made it more difficult to maintain effective national regulation in the area of public health. The EEA agreement and EU membership of the Nordic countries resulted in the abolition of all of the monopolies on alcohol except at the retail level. The article examines how the Nordic alcohol retail monopolies have developed and reacted to national and international pressures on their activities from the mid 1990s to 2006. The article also analyzes what effects the changing surroundings of the Nordic alcohol monopolies have had on the monopolies' present tasks, positions and political aims. The method used in this study is document analysis and interviewing. The material analysed includes annual reports of the Nordic alcohol monopolies, their web pages, reports and brochures, and the laws and regulations pertaining to the monopolies. The article shows that the monopolies have worked purposefully to make themselves popular with the public, with an increased focus on customer service. These changes are based upon both international pressures and changes in perspective within politics in general, where a slow transition from a collectivist solidarity perspective to a more individualistic lifestyle perspective can be discerned.

Conflict, Justice, and the Stranger-King Indigenous Roots of Colonial Rule in Indonesia and Elsewhere

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Henley
Keyword(s):  
Military Power ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Guerilla Warfare ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Tribal Societies ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Stranger

Historians of Indonesia often think of states, and especially colonial states, as predatory institutions encroaching aggressively on the territory and autonomy of freedom-loving stateless peoples. For Barbara and Leonard Andaya, early European expansion in Sumatra and the Moluccas was synonymous with the distortion or destruction of decentralized indigenous political systems based on cooperation, alliance, economic complementarity, and myths of common ancestry (B. W. Andaya 1993; L. Y. Andaya 1993). Anthony Reid (1997: 81) has described tribal societies like those of the Batak and Minangkabau in highland Sumatra as ‘miracles of statelessness’ which ‘defended their autonomy by a mixture of guerilla warfare, diplomatic flexibility, and deliberate exaggeration of myths about their savagery’ until ultimately overwhelmed by Dutch military power. Before colonialism, in this view, most Indonesians relied for security not on the protection of a powerful king, but on a ‘complex web of contractual mutualities’ embodying a ‘robust pluralism’ (Reid 1998: 29, 32). ‘So persistently’, concludes Reid (1997: 80-1), ‘has each step towards stronger states in the archipelago arisen from trading ports, with external aid and inspiration, that one is inclined to seek the indigenous political dynamic in a genius for managing without states’. Henk Schulte Nordholt (2002: 54), for his part, cautions against any tendency to downplay the violent, repressive aspects of colonial and post-colonial government in Indonesia, expressing the hope that ‘a new Indonesian historiography will succeed in liberating itself from the interests, perspective, and conceptual framework of the state’. An even more systematic attempt to demonize the (modern) state in Indonesia and elsewhere can be found in the work of James Scott (1998a, 1998b).

Sixty Coups in Thirty Years – Further Evidence Regarding African Military Coups d'État

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat McGowan ◽  
Thomas H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
New States ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Coups D'etat ◽  
White Minority

Decolonisation in sub-Saharan Africa began in January 1956 when the Sudan joined long-independent Ethiopia and Liberia as a new, post-colonial state. Although the process is not yet complete because of the disputed status of Namibia and South Africa's continued rule by a white minority, over the past 30 years as many as 43 new states have achieved independence from colonial rule, the most recent being Zimbabwe in April 1980.

Social responsibility disclosure in Islamic banks: a comparative study of Indonesia and Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azlan Amran ◽  
Hasan Fauzi ◽  
Yadi Purwanto ◽  
Faizah Darus ◽  
Haslinda Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Initiatives ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose This paper aims to explore social responsibility reporting of full-fledged Islamic banks in two developing countries, namely, Indonesia and Malaysia. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an important aspect of business society. As such, companies have shown a growing interest in reporting their social and environmental initiatives. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis of the annual reports for three full-fledged local Islamic banks in Indonesia and three Islamic banks in Malaysia was carried out for the period of 2007-2011. Findings Results of the study revealed that CSR disclosure of Islamic banks has generally grown both in Malaysia and Indonesia. More specifically, it was found that workplace and community dimensions were the most highly disclosed areas by the Islamic banks in both countries. Research limitations/implications The current study provides a cross-cultural perspective on social responsibility disclosure in Islamic banks across two countries. The study is limited by investigating a five-year time frame. Practical implications By discussing the findings according to the stages of growth model for CSR, the authors suggest that Islamic banks can enhance their responsiveness, and transform their role from being CSR reporters of social responsibility to responders. Originality/value While the tenets of CSR have a lot in common with Islamic moral law (Shariah), little is known about CSR disclosure of Islamic banks.

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