scholarly journals Effect of Hammer Shape and Impact Area on Hammer Mill Performance under Different Feed Rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Assad Y. Khudher ◽  
Salim A. Almaliki ◽  
Majed S. Himoud
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
High Feed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The research aims to compare the performance (PC) and specific energy consumption (Spc.) of the hammer mill when using the T-hammer against the (traditional) rectangular hammer. A homemade mill with four hammers was used in experiment. 36 treatments: 2 hammer shape x 3 impact area (840, 720 and 960 mm2) x 2 feeding rates (1500 and 3000 g min-1) x 3 replicates, with completely random design. The results showed that there was no significant effect of hammer shape on PC at the feed rate of 3000 g min-1, while there was an effect at the rate of 1500 g min-1. An effect was also found for the impact area on the PC at both feeding rates and on Spc., as an inverse relationship appeared between the impact area and mill productivity at the feed rate 1500 g min-1. The area of 720 mm2 surpassed the area 480 and 960 mm2 at the rate of feeding 3000 g min-1, as it recorded 1215.65 g min-1 compared to 950.65 and 882.65 g min-1, respectively. There is effect of feeding rate on PC and Spc. The traditional hammer is recommended for simplicity of design, manufacture and performance at high feed rates compared to the T-shaped hammer. 

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Rate on the Reduction of Total Volatile Solids and Organic Carbon during Combined Composting and Vermicomposting of Elephant Dung

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Arun Prasad Parajuli ◽  
Iswar Man Amatya ◽  
Ram Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Elephant Dung

One of the methods of treatment of animal waste to conserve our nature is vermicomposting in which waste-feeding rate is one of the important parameters to be considered. This paper is concerned with studying and analyzing the effect of feeding rate on the reduction of total volatile solid and total organic carbon during vermicomposting of elephant dung. The raw dung collected from the Central Zoo, Jawalakhel, Nepal was composted in a heap on the open ground after removal of inorganic substances by hand sorting and manually breaking of lumps. Composted dung only after two weeks was feed in the circular earthen flower pots having average diameter of 0.15 m and surface area of 0.017 m2 each with small holes at the bottom. The adult healthy Eiseniafetida with a stocking density of 1.6 kg-worm/m2 with feeding rates of 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2kg-feed/kg worms/day in the batch basis were used in the separate sets for vermicomposting in moisture content of 70 to 80% at normal room condition in two cycles of eight weeks after two weeks of normal composting in a room. It was revealed from the experiment that the combined composting and vermicomposting system with feeding rate of 0.75 kg-feed/kg worms/day was more effective in reducing total volatile solids and total organic carbon content to 42.52% and 23.62% respectively after ten weeks.

scholarly journals Design, Simulation and Experimentation of an Axial Flow Sunflower-Threshing Machine with an Attached Screw Conveyor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6312
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdeen Mous Ali ◽  
Wangyuan Zong ◽  
Hafiz Md-Tahir ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Liu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Machine Productivity ◽  
Seed Handling

Sunflower threshing is one of the most interesting field processes for making the sunflower ready for seed handling, drying, cleaning and oil extraction. One of the biggest problems observed during the sunflower threshing process is the accumulation of threshed crop on the first third of the threshing roller and passing off some unthreshed parts of sunflower heads. To solve the aforementioned problem and optimize the efficiency of the sunflower threshing process, this research was focused on devising and testing a sunflower threshing machine with a close threshing box system equipped with a screw conveyor that evenly distributed the feedstock of sunflower heads on the entire length of the threshing roller. The machine was tested to assess the seed damage rate, unthreshed seed percentage, threshing efficiency, machine productivity, power requirements and specific energy consumption. The evaluation was done under different roller rotational speeds (150, 200, 250 and 300 rpm) and feeding rates (600, 700, 800 and 900 kg/h). The obtained results revealed that the threshing evaluation parameters were affected significantly by the roller rotational speed and feeding rate. The threshing efficiency was observed to rise with the rise in the roller rotational speed, and it also rose with the increasing feed rate up to 800 kg/h and then started to descend. The unthreshed seed percentage decreased with the increase in the roller rotational speed for all feed rates, and it decreased with the increasing feed rate up to 800 kg/h and then started to increase at the higher feed rates. The damaged seed percentage, power requirement and machine productivity increased with the increase of the roller speed and feed rate. The Buckingham π theorem was followed to find an equation to predict the threshing efficiency, resulting in an equation with an R2 value of 0.9309. With elimination of the blockage problem and better threshing efficiency, this machine could be a good choice for small- to medium-sized sunflower farms.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Axial Flow Rice Thresher Feeding Rate Monitoring Based On Force Sensing Resistors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Anwer Abdeen ◽  
Gan Xie ◽  
Jianwei Fu ◽  
Abouelnadar Elsayed Salem ◽  
Guozhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Force Sensing ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Stress Monitoring ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The threshing unit is the main working unit of the combine harvester and plays an essential role in rice threshing efficiency, seed loss, and seed damage. Every thresher has its limitation for feeding quantity, and when the feeding quantity exceeds the maximum rated amount, the thresher gets blocked, which results in higher losses, low threshing efficiency, more power consumption, and combine overloading, then combine shutting down at the end. In this study, a longitudinal axial flow rice threshing platform has been constructed, and a stress monitoring system for the top cover of the threshing drum was designed using force sensing resistors. The sensors were installed on the thresher top cover inner surface to detect the impact and extrusion forces caused by the threshing process and detect the feeding rate when it exceeds the suitable feeding of the combine. Three feeding rates (0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s) and three thresher speeds (1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm) were tested. The time of the testing process was calculated using high-speed photography. The obtained results revealed that the force signals collected by thin-film sensors significantly correlated with thresher rotating speed and feeding rate. This study provides a new method for threshing drum real-time feeding quantity monitoring and early warning of thresher blockage.

Fatness, live weight and performance responses of sows to food level in pregnancy

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Whittemore ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
P. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Food Level ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractSixty crossbred females received one of three pregnancy feeding rates over five parities: high (2·3 kg/day); medium (2·0 kg/day) and low (1·7 kg/day) to produce variation in body fatness and live weight. During a 32-day lactation all sows were fed the same allowance according to litter size. At the start of parity 5 ultrasonic P2 backfat depths for the high, medium and low treatments respectively were 11·2, 11·0 and 10·6 (s.e. 1·77) mm while live weight was 184, 177 and 167 (s.e. 8·6) kg. Averaged over five parities, backfat depths at conception were not significantly different between treatments. Sows given higher pregnancy feeding rates in pregnancy were heavier and fatter pre-partum but lost relatively more live weight and backfat during lactation. Regression coefficients for the slope of the relationship between total sow pregnancy weight (kg) and fatness (mm) change, and food intake (kg/day) were 0·2 and 0·04 respectively. Pregnancy feeding rate did not influence the number of live births but total litter weight at weaning was positively related to the weight and fatness of the sow at parturition and her subsequent rate of weight and fat loss during lactation (these characteristics of the sow also being positively related): live weight of litter at 32 days (kg) = 67 – 1·8 sow backfat change in lactation (mm) – 0·4 sow live-weight change in lactation (kg). Absolute sow live weight and fatness were positive influences on readiness to rebreed after weaning.

The Impact of Property Characteristics on Economic Performance of Russian Industrial Enterprises

2005 ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov ◽  
N. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Concentrated Ownership ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
Control Premium ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides new survey evidence on effects of concentrated ownership upon investment and performance in Russian industrial enterprises. Authors trace major changes in their ownership profile, assess pace of post-privatization redistribution of shareholdings and provide evidence on ownership concentration in the Russian industry. The major econometric findings are that the first largest shareholding is negatively associated with the firm’s investment and performance but surprisingly the second largest shareholding is positively associated with them. Moreover, these relationships do not depend on identity of majority shareholders. These results are consistent with the assumption that the entrenched controlling owners are engaged in extracting "control premium" but sizable shareholdings accumulated by other blockholders may put brakes on their expropriating behavior and thus be conductive for efficiency enhancing. The most interesting topic for further more detailed analysis is formation, stability and roles of coalitions of large blockholders in the corporate sector of post-socialist countries.

The Impact of Women’s Employment on Marital Stability in Qatar Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Noora Ahmed Lari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The State of Qatar has implemented several family policies in order to improve the wellbeing of Qatari families and ensure fair distribution of development benefits for both men and women. However, there is a linkage between female employment outside the home and instability in the marriages of Qatari families. This paper investigates the impact of female employment on marital stability, based on the results of primary data collected in Qatar, a questionnaire that consisted of several sections such as challenges in the workplace, supervisor, family and spouse relations, work motivation and performance. Of the 824 questionnaires that were returned, 807 were completed and valid for analysis. Regression analysis and an ANOVA test have been used to test the relationship between the variables. The results of the research have produced mixed findings about how wives’ employment increases marital instability and have yielded few significant differences on mean scores of discuss on work demands, insufficient time together, housework, financial matters, communication, relatives and rearing children. The results indicates that in general Qatar working women face several challenges in relation to their marital life as part of cultural and social constraints.

The Role of Research and Innovation in the Transformation of Agri-Food Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Mariana Sandu ◽  
Stefan Mantea
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Rapid Transformation

Abstract Agri-food systems include branching ramifications, which connect in the upstream the input suppliers with farmers, and downstream farmers, processors, retailers and consumers. In the last decades, at the level of the regions, food systems have undergone rapid transformation as a result of technological progress. The paper analyzes the changes made to the structure, behavior and performance of the agri-food system and the impact on farmers and consumers. Also, the role of agricultural research as a determinant factor of transformation of agri-food system is analyzed. The research objective is to develop technologies that cover the entire food chain (from farm to fork) and meet the specific requirements of consumers (from fork to farm) through scientific solutions in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture and ensuring the safety and food safety of the population.

Analyzing the impact of financial momentum on the development of the economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Financial System

Subject. The article discusses the momentum in finance. Objectives. The study reveals the impact of financial momentum as the unity of antipodes in the development of the national economy. Methods. The study is based on a systems approach and methods of descriptive statistics. Results. I discover the ultimate goal of globalization, i.e. the substantive simplification of national economies and strengthening of global economic ties. The goals determine the logic tendency of national economies for reducing the interest rate so as to gain the financial momentum and, consequently, fanning the crisis risk in the global financial system. The global financial system became the substance of global economic processes, which determined development opportunities of national economies. I reveal what countries have the high and low financial momentum. Conclusions and Relevance. Being the unity of antipodes in the modern economic development, financial momentum causes countries to lose their economic identity, making them just functions of the global financial system. The cyclical development model of national economies is replaced with the metron model that rests on fluctuating advanced economies with the low financial momentum at its bottom and emerging economies at its top. The findings crystallize the concept and new competencies for a person who decide on the determination and performance of financial regulation activities.

Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

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