A method for analyzing generalized characteristics of the South Asia Low structure taking into account a thermal regime of underlying surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Shipko ◽  
◽  
O.V. Kolychev ◽  
S.A. Dykov ◽  
I.E. Kyznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The South ◽  
Generalized Characteristics ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forecast Models

The South Asia Low is considered, that is a seasonal center of atmospheric action, a predominant type of circulation in the lower troposphere during the warm season over the Near and Middle East. The generalized factorial model of the low for the levels of 1000, 925, and 850 hPa is presented. The dependence of generalized characteristics of the low structure on surface air temperature in the summer months is estimated for different types of the low. The results of the present study extend information about the seasonal center of atmospheric action: they allow obtaining typical fields of the low taking into account the features of internal structure; revealing peculiarities of meteorological conditions for different types of the low (in different parts of the analyzed macroregion). The identified generalized characteristics of the low structure can be used for constructing forecast models. Keywords: South Asia Low, geopotential height, reanalysis, isobaric level, factor, cluster, correlation coefficient

China’s Belt & Road Initiative in South Asia: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Its Components, Challenges, and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Imran
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
The South ◽  
Study Find ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Shed Light

This study thoroughly shed light on the China's Belt-Road Initiative towards South Asia with particular focus on China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. The study find the number of issue in completion of BRI/CPEC in the South Asia.

scholarly journals Connection between Anomalous Zonal Activities of the South Asian High and Eurasian Summer Climate Anomalies

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (22) ◽  
pp. 8249-8267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Shi ◽  
Weihong Qian
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
South Asian High ◽  
The South ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Air Column ◽  
Air Temperature Anomalies

Abstract Using the daily mean anomalies of atmospheric variables from the NCEP Reanalysis-1 (NCEP R1), this study reveals the connection between anomalous zonal activities of the South Asian high (SAH) and Eurasian climate anomalies in boreal summer. An analysis of variance identifies two major domains with larger geopotential height variability located in the eastern and western flanks of the SAH at around 100 and 150 hPa, respectively. For both eastern and western domains, extreme events are selected during 1981–2014 when normalized height anomalies are greater than 1.0 (less than −1.0) standard deviation for at least 10 consecutive days. Based on these events, four SAH modes that include strong and weak Tibetan modes (STM and WTM, respectively) and strong and weak Iranian modes (SIM and WIM, respectively) are defined to depict the zonal SAH features. The positive composite in the eastern (western) domain indicates the STM (SIM) manifests a robust wavelike pattern with an anomalous low at 150 hPa, and surface cold and wet anomalies over Mongolia and northern China (Kazakhstan and western Siberia) are surrounded by three anomalous highs at 150 hPa and surface warm and dry anomalies over Eurasia. Opposite distributions are also evident in the negative composites of the two domains (WTM and WIM). The surface air temperature anomalies are the downward extension of an anomalous air column aloft while the precipitation anomalies are directly associated with the height anomalies above the air column.

Velumtätigkeit bei der Erzeugung stimmhafter und stimmloser Nasalkonsonanten im Isländischen

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnús Pétursson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
The South ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
North West ◽  
South West ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nasal Consonant

In modern Icelandic, spoken in the South, West, and North-West of Iceland, there is a phonemic opposition between voiced and voiceless nasals before stop consonants. For the present investigation the research instrument was the velograph. The purpose of the research was to investigate patterns of velar movement associated with each type of nasal consonants. The results show different types of velar movement organized according to two separate temporal patterns. For the voiceless nasals the movement of the velum is more rapid and begins earlier than for the voiced nasals. There are also significant differences in the nasalization of the preceding vowel according to whether the following nasal consonant is voiced or voiceless.

An Enhanced Influence of Tropical Indian Ocean on the South Asia High after the Late 1970s

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 6930-6941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Qu ◽  
Gang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Decadal Change ◽  
The South ◽  
South Asia High ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO)’s influence on the South Asia high (SAH)’s intensity experiences a decadal change in the late 1970s; after (before) the decadal shift, the influence is significant (insignificant). The present study investigates the role of tropospheric temperature in relaying the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) to the SAH and the change in the TIO’s influence. During the two epochs, the local tropospheric temperature responses to the TIO warming are distinct—more significant during the second epoch. It is inferred that this change may be responsible for the strengthening of the TIO’s influence on the SAH. Encouragingly, the ensemble simulations accurately capture the time of the decadal change, indicating that the enhanced influence is attributed to the SST forcing. There are two possible reasons for the change in the TIO–SAH relationship. The first reason is the change in the locations of the SST anomalies in the TIO. During the second epoch, positive SST anomalies lie in the Indian Ocean warm pool. Through the background vigorous convection and moist adjustment, the SST anomalies affect largely the tropospheric temperature and thus the SAH. The second reason is the decadal change in mean SST and the SST variability. During the recent decades, both the background SST and the variability of the TIO SST increase, which enhance the influence of the SST anomalies on the atmosphere. The influence of the remote oceanic forcing on the enhanced TIO–SAH relationship and its comparison with the contribution of the TIO SST are also discussed.

Reducing Vulnerability to Forced Labor and Trafficking of Short-Term, Low-Skilled Women Migrant Workers in the South Asia to Middle East Corridor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagar ElDidi ◽  
Chloe van Biljon ◽  
Muzna Fatima Alvi ◽  
Claudia Ringler ◽  
Nazmun Ratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
The South ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals South Asia river-flow projections and their implications for water resources

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4783-4810 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mathison ◽  
A. J. Wiltshire ◽  
P. Falloon ◽  
A. J. Challinor
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
South Asia ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
The South ◽  
River Flows

Abstract. South Asia is a region with a large and rising population, a high dependence on water intense industries, such as agriculture and a highly variable climate. In recent years, fears over the changing Asian summer monsoon (ASM) and rapidly retreating glaciers together with increasing demands for water resources have caused concern over the reliability of water resources and the potential impact on intensely irrigated crops in this region. Despite these concerns, there is a lack of climate simulations with a high enough resolution to capture the complex orography, and water resource analysis is limited by a lack of observations of the water cycle for the region. In this paper we present the first 25 km resolution regional climate projections of river flow for the South Asia region. Two global climate models (GCMs), which represent the ASM reasonably well are downscaled (1960–2100) using a regional climate model (RCM). In the absence of robust observations, ERA-Interim reanalysis is also downscaled providing a constrained estimate of the water balance for the region for comparison against the GCMs (1990–2006). The RCM river flow is routed using a river-routing model to allow analysis of present-day and future river flows through comparison with available river gauge observations. We examine how useful these simulations are for understanding potential changes in water resources for the South Asia region. In general the downscaled GCMs capture the seasonality of the river flows but overestimate the maximum river flows compared to the observations probably due to a positive rainfall bias and a lack of abstraction in the model. The simulations suggest an increasing trend in annual mean river flows for some of the river gauges in this analysis, in some cases almost doubling by the end of the century. The future maximum river-flow rates still occur during the ASM period, with a magnitude in some cases, greater than the present-day natural variability. Increases in river flow could mean additional water resources for irrigation, the largest usage of water in this region, but has implications in terms of inundation risk. These projected increases could be more than countered by changes in demand due to depleted groundwater, increases in domestic use or expansion of water intense industries. Including missing hydrological processes in the model would make these projections more robust but could also change the sign of the projections.

Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Cheeses from the South of Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª JOSÉ BARRIOS ◽  
Mª JESÚS GUALDA ◽  
J. M. CABANAS ◽  
L. M. MEDINA ◽  
R. JORDANO
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
The South ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

Thirty-five samples of commercial cheeses, 9 fresh, 9 semicured or semiripened and 17 ripened made with different types of milk (cow, ewe, goat and mixtures of milk of various species) produced in the South of Spain were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) by high-performance liquid chromatography, In 16 of the 35 samples (45.71%) the presence of AFM1 was detected in concentrations ranging between 20 and 200 ng/g of cheese, In the positive cases, the mean levels of AFM1 were 105.33 ng/g in ripened cheeses, 73.80 ng/g in semiripened cheeses and 42.60 ng/g in fresh cheeses.

scholarly journals Climate change, regulatory policies and regional cooperation in South Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Zafarullah ◽  
Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
South Asian Region

Purpose With climate change and environmental degradation being major issues in the world today, it is imperative for governments within a regional setting to collaborate on initiatives, harmonize their policies and develop strategies to counter threats. In South Asia, several attempts have been made to create a common framework for action in implementing synchronized policies. However, both political and technical deterrents have thwarted moves to accommodate priorities and interests of collaborating states. The purpose of this paper is to assess these issues and existing policies/strategies in selected South Asian countries and evaluate integrated plans of action based on collaborative partnerships. Design/methodology/approach Using a broad exploratory and interpretive approach, this paper evaluates how harmonization of environmental principles and synergies among countries can help reduce the effect of climate change and environmental hazards. Based on a review of ideas and concepts as well as both primary and secondary sources, including official records, legislation, inter-state and regional agreements, evaluation reports, impact studies (social, economic and ecological), and commentaries, it highlights several initiatives and processes geared to creating environmental protection standards and practices for the South Asian region. Findings Climate change has resulted in devastating impacts on people. It contributed to the proliferation of climate refugees and high incidence of poverty in South Asia. The region faces both political and technical obstacles in developing a sustainable approach to combat climate change. This is exacerbated by non-availability of information as well as reluctance to acknowledge the problem by key actors. The best strategy will be to integrate policies and regulations in the various countries of the region to develop strategic plans. The approach of prevention and protection should replace the existing emphasis on relief and rehabilitation. Originality/value The paper provides a critical overview of the climatic and environmental problems encountered in the South Asian region and provides pointers to resolving shared problems through the use of policy instruments for regulating the problems within the gamut of regional environmental governance. It attempts to identify solutions to offset regulatory and institutional barriers in achieving preferred results by emphasizing the need for redesigning regulatory structures and policy approaches for ecological well-being.

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