Aspects of non-grain part harvesting for corn and sunflower as solid biofuels

Purpose. Identification of promising technologies for harvesting the non-cereal part of the corn and sunflower crops, which provide for the controlled collection of quality products in accordance with the needs. Methods. Analysis of common technological processes of harvesting straw and stem feed, the non-grain part of the corn and sunflower harvest, the synthesis of options for harvesting individual parts of the non-grain part of the corn and sunflower crop and evaluating them by the possible harvest, experimental determination of the full harvest for a particular process. Results. Synthesized and analyzed options for harvesting the non-cereal part of the corn and sunflower crops, which can be used in modern agricultural production. The analysis of the non-cereal part of the corn and sunflower harvest was carried out. The proportion of the non-cereal part of the corn and sunflower crops, which can be collected with various harvesting options, has been established. Experimental studies have been carried out of individual operations of collecting the non-grain part of the corn and sunflower crops. Conclusions. Harvesting the stem mass in a compacted form (rolls, bales) for energy needs is more appropriate than in loose form. Farms that grow corn and sunflower choose the technology of harvesting the non-cereal part of the crop, depending on the area of sowing of crops and needs in the stem mass. The investigated options for harvesting the non-cereal part of the crop provide a complete collection of the stem mass from 3.5 to 85.4%. The final choice of the option of harvesting raw materials is determined not only by the completeness of the collection of raw materials, but also by its technical and economic indicators. Keywords: non-cereal part of corn and sunflower harvest, technology of harvesting non-cereal part, solid biofuel.

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Calculation of Technical Characteristics of the Technical Fleet Vessels Involved in Ensuring Safety of the Offshore Facilities of Oil and Gas Complex

Occupational Safety in Industry ◽

10.24000/0409-2961-2021-1-7-13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

S.V. Matsenko ◽

◽

V.M. Minko ◽

A.A. Koshelev ◽

V.Yu. Piven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Industrial Safety ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Oil Spill Response ◽

Sea Area

Violation of industrial safety rules during the operation of offshore facilities for the production, storage and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials leads in the most cases to pollution of the marine environment with oil and its components. The works on localization and elimination of such pollution are carried out with the help of vessels of the technical support fleet and booms. When developing oil spill response plans at such facilities, a calculated determination of the technical characteristics of vessels and booms is required that are sufficient to carry out the planned activities. The basic design principles for determining the towing capacity of the technical fleet vessels involved in the localization and elimination of oil and oil product spills by trawling methods are given in the article. The calculation is based on theoretical studies performed by the authors of the physical processes occurring during the movement of objects of a mobile trawling order in the sea area. The results obtained during the course of theoretical studies were confirmed by the experimental studies carried out by the authors personally using the real pieces of equipment in the actual development of tasks for training spill containment by trawling. As a result, the empirical dependencies were obtained and experimentally confirmed, which can be used to calculate technical characteristics of the ships as part of the mobile orders and anchor systems as part of stationary orders intended for the localization and elimination of oil pollution. These results can be used, among other things, for the calculated substantiation of the technical characteristics of the technical fleet vessels designed to ensure safety of the offshore facilities for production, storage, and transportation of the hydrocarbon raw materials.

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ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ГІГІЄНІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ВКЛАДНИХ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНИХ ЗАСОБІВ З ВСТАВКАМИ РОСЛИННОЇ СИРОВИНИ У ВЗУТТЯ

Technologies and Engineering ◽

10.30857/2786-5371.2021.6.2 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

MARYNA LESHCHYSHYN ◽

OLGA IUNGIN

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Normative Values ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Custom Made

Purpose: To conduct experimental studies of embedded hygienic installed insoles with tableted plant inserts in footwearMethodology. The properties of embedded hygienic insoles have been studied for vapor permeability and moisture content according to the methods of GOST 22900-78. The solid inserts were ground and extracted with distilled water for a week to obtain aqueous extracts for microbiological studies. Determination of antimicrobial activity was performed using a culture of S.aureus ATCC 25923 in microtiter 96-well plates in liquid nutrient medium NB spectrophotometrically by optical density (Hipo MPP-96, Biosan, λ = 620 nm, control medium – by the location of a non-sterile sample with (30 × 30 mm) on the surface of sterile NA medium.Findings. To improve the hygienic characteristics of the inner space of the shoe, the research presents embedded hygienic products with solid inserts in the form of tablets from the plant raw materials of medicinal thyme and sage. The technological characteristics of tableted inserts from vegetable raw materials are given. The results of vapor permeability and moisture content in the studied samples are obtained, which correspond to the normative values according to GOST 940-81 and are safe for human feet.Originality. Determination of indicators of vapor permeability and moisture content of embedded hygienic installed insoles with tableted plant inserts and establishing their compliance with regulatory requirements. Determined the regularities of inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of thyme on the growth of biomass of gram-negative bacteria in planktonic culture.Practical value. Another advantage of custom-made shoes is the ability to consider the customer's preferences regarding shoe care products during the operation. At the same time, an important task is to ensure the hygiene of the inner space of the shoe through the use of insoles containing elements obtained from medicinal plant materials.

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PRODUCTION OF SOLID BIOFUELS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING WASTES

Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s ◽

10.15673/gpmf.v20i1.1694 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

A. Makarynska ◽

T. Turpurova

Keyword(s):

Quality Indicators ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Crop Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Average Particle ◽

Solid Biofuels ◽

Solid Biofuel ◽

European Standards

The article is devoted to the issues of solid biofuel production. The classification of biomass used in the production of solid biofuels by origin is given. The main types of grain waste in the southern region for the production of solid biofuels are identified.The article analyzes the soybean market in the world and Ukraine, shows the trend of growing soybean production, which is caused by the growing demand for food and feed purposes. Soybean yield indicators in Ukraine are analyzed and it is found that Kherson region is one of the leaders of soybean yields for 2019. It is shown that in soybean cultivation in Ukraine a considerable amount of secondary resource is obtained - straw, as a by-product of crop production. It is established that the average yield of rice of Kherson region prevails in Ukraine, a large amount of rice husk is formed during processing of raw rice. Physico-mechanical properties of rice husk and soybean straw have been determined. The possibility of production of fuel briquettes from the waste was considered, technological scheme of production of fuel briquettes from waste, which are formed at the enterprises of processing industry and by-products of crop production is given. The technology of production of fuel briquettes from soy straw and rice husk was introduced at the enterprise of Kherson region, which is engaged in cultivation and processing of soybeans and rice. Quality indicators of fuel briquettes were determined: humidity, ash, sulfur, carbon content, volatile matter yield and specific combustion heat. It is established that the quality of fuel pellets is significantly influenced by humidity, degree of grinding and physical and chemical properties of raw materials. When the moisture content of raw materials more than 14% decreases the density of the granules and, due to the evaporation of moisture, cracks appear in the granules, which reduce their strength. With the reduction of the average particle size of the biomass to 2 mm, the quality of the fuel products increases, but the fine fraction of the biomass of the matrix is erased. The heat of combustion of the obtained solid briquettes exceeds the normative values of European standards at a level not lower than 18 MJ / kg. Ash content (0.5 %), normalized by European standards, is practically unavailable for Ukrainian producers, fuel briquettes made from soy straw and husks have higher normalized ash values in accordance with 7.0 and 14.0 %, which reduces their quality indicators.

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Efficiency determination of methods for eliminating the polarization layer in the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk

ScienceRise ◽

10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002021 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Oleksandr Omelchenko ◽

Gregoriy Deynichenko ◽

Vasyl Huzenko ◽

Inna Zolotukhina ◽

Dmytro Dmytrevskyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Scope Of Application ◽

Scientific Results ◽

Efficiency Determination ◽

Membrane Concentration ◽

Technological Product

The object of research: the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk using methods of removing the polarizing layer on the membrane surface. Investigated problem: determination of the effectiveness of methods for eliminating the polarization layer on the membrane surface during membrane concentration of buttermilk. Main scientific results: The results of experimental studies on methods of removing the polarization layer to increase the productivity of ultrafiltration equipment in the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk are presented. Mathematical models are proposed based on the regression equation of a factorial experiment using the elimination of the polarization layer on the membrane to determine the rational operating parameters of the membrane concentration of buttermilk. These parameters were determined: pressure – 0.4 … 0.5 MPa, buttermilk temperature – 40 … 50 °С, speed of pulsating flows – 1.5 … 1.7 m/s, frequency of bubbling of raw materials – 0 , 10 … 0.15 min-1, bubbling pressure – 0.56 … 0.58 MPa. A comparative analysis of the application of the method of vibrational mixing and bubbling of separated non-fat dairy raw materials to eliminate the formation of a polarization layer on the surface of membranes in the process of membrane concentration is presented. Based on the obtained quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the ultrafiltration products, it can be seen that vibrational mixing and bubbling of the processed buttermilk equally intensify the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk. The area of practical use of the research results: enterprises of the dairy industry of the food industry, engaged in waste-free processing of dairy raw materials and its by-products. An innovative technological product: devices for reducing the polarization layer, allowing to increase the performance of membranes in the process of membrane concentration of buttermilk. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: waste-free processing of dairy raw materials at dairies and dairy plants and other food industry enterprises.

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Mathematical fundamentals of the method of identification of metal inclusions in raw materials with automatic determination of their coordinates

Scientific journal of the Ternopil national technical university ◽

10.33108/visnyk_tntu2021.03.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 23-32

Author(s):

Leonid Zamikhovskyi ◽

Ivan Levitskyi ◽

Mykola Nykolaychuk ◽

Yuriy Striletskyi

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Conveyor Belt ◽

Raw Material ◽

Automatic Determination ◽

Actual Problem ◽

Theoretical Substantiation ◽

Excitation Coil

The article deals with the actual problem of theoretical substantiation of the method of identification (diagnosis) of metal inclusions (hereinafter referred to as metal inclusions) in bulk raw materials under the conditions of a conveyor belt. The presence of metal inclusions in the raw material transported by the conveyor belt can lead to both emergencies and deterioration in the quality of the output product. The identification method provides for diagnosing the presence of metal inclusions, determining its dimensions, type of metal and coordinates relative to the cross-section of the conveyor belt. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the method for identifying metal inclusions based on a scanning signal and an additional excitation coil are considered. A mathematical model has been developed for determining the position of metal inclusions on a conveyor belt relative to a line perpendicular to the axis between two excitation coils, including two trajectories for determining coordinates for three excitation coils and two receiving coils.

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A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

Ferrous Metallurgy Bulletin of Scientific Technical and Economic Information ◽

10.32339/0135-5910-2020-7-709-715 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (7) ◽

pp. 709-715

Author(s):

O. Yu. Kichigina

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Selective Extraction ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Nickel Iron ◽

Nickel Recovery ◽

Nickel Concentrate ◽

Steel Alloying ◽

High Degree ◽

Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

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Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.08.99-104 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 99-104

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Peak Load ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Concrete Structures ◽

Deformation Model ◽

Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

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Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

Safety and Reliability of Power Industry ◽

10.24223/1999-5555-2020-13-2-105-109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

E. S. Dremicheva

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Energy Use ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Ash Content ◽

Motor Oil ◽

Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

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