scholarly journals Clustering of Lifestyle Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Healthy Government Servants in Kuala Terengganu: Who And What to Target

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Nurulhuda MH ◽  
Norwati D ◽  
Mazubir NN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lifestyle Risks

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability among men and women in nearly all nations, including Malaysia.  Lifestyle cardiovascular risk factors such as dietary habits, physical inactivity and smoking are considered fundamental risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies showed that the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular events. Surveillance of these key modifiable risk factors, including its clustering and study of factors associated is needed to monitor the magnitude of the problem and effects of our interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with clustering of lifestyle cardiovascular risk factors among government servants in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between June and September 2013 among 121 government servants, selected using simple random sampling from all servants asymptomatic of cardiovascular disease at a multi-department government center in the capital of Terengganu. A questionnaire, which consisted of socio-demographic data, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the dietary component of WHO STEPs, were used as the research tools. Clustering of lifestyle cardiovascular risk was defined as the presence of two or more of the lifestyle risk factors. Prevalence of clustering of lifestyle risks in this study was 57% (95% CI: 0.47, 0.67). Respondents with income less than RM3, 000 was significantly associated with clustering of lifestyle cardiovascular risks (p=0.032, OR 2.57, CI: 1.08, 6.07). This study provides evidence of clustering of lifestyle risks in the local asymptomatic healthy subjects. Therefore, comprehensive lifestyle interventions may be an effective strategy for controlling CVD risk factors, especially among those with low socioeconomic status where affordable interventions should be suggested. A more effective approach should be identified to promote affordable healthier diet and healthy lifestyle activities.   Keywords: Clustering; Lifestyle; Cardiovascular Risk Factors; low socioeconomic status.

Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S9-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Laakso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Factors Associated

Insulin resistance is characterised by a decreased rate of insulin-mediated glucose uptake and is associated with adverse changes in cardiovascular risk factors, such as high triglyceride levels, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised blood pressure, obesity and increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. The term `insulin resistance syndrome' (IRS) is used to describe the complex of factors associated with insulin resistance that is found in patients both with and without type 2 diabetes. Although the presence of insulin resistance syndrome is generally considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, there is a lack of definitive evidence for a causal link. Recently, however, a statistical method known as factor analysis has been applied to the cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with IRS. This has been able to show that the `insulin resistance factor' (high plasma insulin and glucose levels, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and triglyceride levels) predicted coronary heart disease events in elderly non-diabetic men as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, treatment of insulin resistance whether by pharmacological (eg. thiazolidinediones) or nonpharmacological means has the potential to offer both improvements in glycaemic control and in cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals The impact of modern cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome on long-term outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cristian BEJAN ◽  
◽  
Liviu Nicolae GHILENCEA ◽  
Mihaela Adela IANCU ◽  
Mihaela Daniela BALTĂ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact

Metabolic syndrome is also called insulin resistance syndrome or catecholamine excess syndrome and is a cluster of cardiometabolic factors that result in increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes type 2. Due to sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diet with an increased content of saturated fat and carbohydrates that characterizes modern life style of the population, especially in urban areas, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing, thus becoming a very topical issue for the medical world. During the years 2013-2014 we conducted an observational study on a sample of 111 hypertensive patients without major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke, aged between 48 and 83 years, who have determined the prevalence of modern cardiovascular risk factors such as hs CRP, serum uric acid, 24-hour proteinuria, serum fibrinogen and the ratio of apo B/apo A1, associated with the metabolic syndrome. The study was conducted separately by gender in the sense that we followed prevalence of these modern risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in both genders, women and men. We also watched the influence of risk factors related to lifestyle on metabolic syndrome. Finally, we determined the correlation of these factors with the risk of death from cardiovascular disease to observe their influence on the prognosis of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Explain Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Old Age?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maria van Zutphen ◽  
Judith Johanna Maria Rijnhart ◽  
Didericke Rhebergen ◽  
Majon Muller ◽  
Martijn Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Information Processing Speed

Background: Sex differences in cognitive functioning in old age are known to exist yet are still poorly understood. Objective: This study examines to what extent differences in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease between men and women explain sex differences in cognitive functioning. Methods: Data from 2,724 older adults from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Information processing speed and episodic memory, measured three times during six years of follow-up, served as outcomes. The mediating role of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease was examined in single and multiple mediator models. Determinant-mediator effects were estimated using linear or logistic regression, and determinant-outcome and mediator-outcome effects were estimated using linear mixed models. Indirect effects were estimated using the product-of-coefficients estimator. Results: Women scored 1.58 points higher on information processing speed and 1.53 points higher on episodic memory. Several cardiovascular risk factors had small mediating effects. The sex difference in information processing speed was mediated by smoking, depressive symptoms, obesity, and systolic blood pressure. The sex difference in episodic memory was mediated by smoking, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. Effects of smoking, LDL cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus on information processing speed differed between men and women. Conclusion: Differences in cardiovascular risk factors between women and men partially explained why women had better cognitive functioning. A healthy cardiovascular lifestyle seems beneficial for cognition and sex-specific strategies may be important to preserve cognitive functioning at older age.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of carotid intima-media thickness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Portilla-Fernández ◽  
Shih-Jen Hwang ◽  
Rory Wilson ◽  
Jane Maddock ◽  
W. David Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness

AbstractCommon carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is an index of subclinical atherosclerosis that is associated with ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD). We undertook a cross-sectional epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of measures of cIMT in 6400 individuals. Mendelian randomization analysis was applied to investigate the potential causal role of DNA methylation in the link between atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors and cIMT or clinical cardiovascular disease. The CpG site cg05575921 was associated with cIMT (beta = −0.0264, p value = 3.5 × 10–8) in the discovery panel and was replicated in replication panel (beta = −0.07, p value = 0.005). This CpG is located at chr5:81649347 in the intron 3 of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor gene (AHRR). Our results indicate that DNA methylation at cg05575921 might be in the pathway between smoking, cIMT and stroke. Moreover, in a region-based analysis, 34 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified of which a DMR upstream of ALOX12 showed the strongest association with cIMT (p value = 1.4 × 10–13). In conclusion, our study suggests that DNA methylation may play a role in the link between cardiovascular risk factors, cIMT and clinical cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Vittoria Cammisotto ◽  
Cristina Nocella ◽  
Simona Bartimoccia ◽  
Valerio Sanguigni ◽  
Davide Francomano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Stress Burden

Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽  
Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽  
Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Assessment of Endothelial Injury and Pro-Coagulant Activity Using Circulating Microvesicles in Survivors of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9768
Author(s):  
Eleni Gavriilaki ◽  
Ioanna Sakellari ◽  
Panagiota Anyfanti ◽  
Ioannis Batsis ◽  
Anna Vardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Coagulant Activity

(1) Background: survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) suffer from morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that vascular injury and pro-coagulant activity are evident in alloHCT survivors without existing alloHCT complications or relapse. (2) Methods: we enrolled consecutive adult alloHCT survivors without established cardiovascular disease and control individuals matched for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (January–December 2019). Circulating microvesicles (MVs) of different cellular origins (platelet, erythrocyte, and endothelial) were measured by a standardized flow cytometry protocol as novel markers of vascular injury and pro-coagulant activity. (3) Results: we recruited 45 survivors after a median of 2.3 (range 1.1–13.2) years from alloHCT, and 45 controls. The majority of patients suffered from acute (44%) and/or chronic (66%) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although the two groups were matched for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, alloHCT survivors showed significantly increased platelet and erythrocyte MVs compared to controls. Within alloHCT survivors, erythrocyte MVs were significantly increased in patients with a previous history of thrombotic microangiopathy. Interestingly, endothelial MVs were significantly increased only in alloHCT recipients of a myeloablative conditioning. Furthermore, MVs of different origins showed a positive association with each other. (4) Conclusions: endothelial dysfunction and increased thrombotic risk are evident in alloHCT recipients long after alloHCT, independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. An apparent synergism of these pathophysiological processes may be strongly involved in the subsequent establishment of cardiovascular disease.

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