scholarly journals The Optimum Age of Retirement Index: The Case of Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada ◽  
Rashid Ating ◽  
Yew-Joe Ho
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Retirement Plan

This paper proposes a list of crucial factors that can be considered as a template for universal retirement plan. Malaysia is used as the base of our modeling. Nine crucial factors that are identified to have direct or indirect effect on the retirement plan among the three largest races in Malaysia, namely the Malay, Indians and Chinese are examined. The main objective of this research is to propose a new approach to evaluate the optimum age retirement for Malaysians in general. Hence, this new index is entitled "The Optimum Age Retirement Index (OAR-Index)". Based on the findings, the study proposed that Malaysia would be well served to increase the retirement age of the country's workforce and proposes a number of recommendations and policies to complement the retirement-age extension.

Meeting The Communication Challenge

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Ackley
Keyword(s):  
Pension Plans ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Retirement Plan ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Communication Challenge

For the most part, account-based pension plans are not traditional long-service retirement plans. They are "when your service ends" plans, whether the employee leaves to retire or start a new job or vocation, and they are much like savings plans. They are also a new approach to helping employ-ees understand and accumulate their financial resources. Easier to explain to employees than more traditional pension plans, account-based plans still present stumbling blocks in terms of how to successfully introduce them to your orga-nization. Why the new plan is being introduced and what it is intended to do and not to do are the toughest and most important communication challenges that need to be met. Key communica-tion elements include proper naming of the bene-fit (don't call it a retirement plan) and demonstrating your organization's intended people strategy.

Microanalysis of the Russia's Pension System

2012 ◽  
pp. 27-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gurvich ◽  
Yu. Sonina
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Median Level ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
First Time

The analysis is based on the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS). Individual replacement rates are estimated for the first time. Russian pension system proves to be oriented rather on social policy objectives than on smoothing consumption over the life cycle. The efficiency of pension system happens to be relatively low - for instance, over 1/3 of base pensions is paid to people with income above median level. We give proofs that social policy for working and non-working pensioners should not be the same, as they have drastic differences in the income level. Estimates are given for possible economy of pension system financing if benefits are provided on a more focused basis. A new approach to the analysis of incentives and impediments for raising retirement age is suggested. Its application demonstrates that substantial part of pensioners is willing to work further in exchange for material stimulus. Most likely they would support higher retirement age if they realized that this will result in higher pension benefits.

User-Generated Content Sources in Social Media: A New Approach to Explore Tourist Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeamduan Narangajavana Kaosiri ◽  
Luis José Callarisa Fiol ◽  
Miguel Ángel Moliner Tena ◽  
Rosa María Rodríguez Artola ◽  
Javier Sánchez García
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Real ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction

The study focuses on sources of user-generated content (UGC) in social media: strong-tie sources, weak-tie sources, and tourism-tie sources and their effects on tourist satisfaction with the destination. It is separated into the pre- and post- travel processes. First, it addresses the influences of sources of UGC on tourist expectations about core resources and supporting factors, and then analyzes tourist satisfaction by concentrating on tourist expectations and perceptions of core resources and supporting factors. Findings suggest that UGC sources have an indirect effect on tourist satisfaction since most UGC sources have an influence on tourist expectations, which will later be compared with the real tourist perception. Main conclusions and some recommendations and limitations are provided.

The O–C diagrams of minor planets − a new approach to modelling the rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
K. Sárneczky ◽  
L.L. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ccd Observations

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Processing Immunoperoxidase Labeled Cell Monolayers and Cryostat Sesctions For Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 714-715
Author(s):  
K. Chien ◽  
R. Van de Velde ◽  
I.P. Shintaku ◽  
A.F. Sassoon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
Reaction Step ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Glass Slides

Immunoelectron microscopy of neoplastic lymphoma cells is valuable for precise localization of surface antigens and identification of cell types. We have developed a new approach in which the immunohistochemical staining can be evaluated prior to embedding for EM and desired area subsequently selected for ultrathin sectioning.A freshly prepared lymphoma cell suspension is spun onto polylysine hydrobromide- coated glass slides by cytocentrifugation and immediately fixed without air drying in polylysine paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative. After rinsing in PBS, slides are stained by a 3-step immunoperoxidase method. Cell monolayer is then fixed in buffered 3% glutaraldehyde prior to DAB reaction. After the DAB reaction step, wet monolayers can be examined under LM for presence of brown reaction product and selected monolayers then processed by routine methods for EM and embedded with the Chien Re-embedding Mold. After the polymerization, the epoxy blocks are easily separated from the glass slides by heatingon a 100°C hot plate for 20 seconds.

TEM study of a biofilm on copper corrosion

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
N. Kohyama ◽  
B. Little ◽  
P. Wagner ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copper Tolerant

The corrosion of copper and copper alloys in a marine environment is of great concern because of their widespread use in heat exchangers and steam condensers in which natural seawater is the coolant. It has become increasingly evident that microorganisms play an important role in the corrosion of a number of metals and alloys under a variety of environments. For the past 15 years the use of SEM has proven to be useful in studying biofilms and spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion of metals. Little information, however, has been obtained using TEM capitalizing on its higher spacial resolution and the transmission observation of interfaces. The research presented herein is the first step of this new approach in studying the corrosion with biological influence in pure copper.Commercially produced copper (Cu, 99%) foils of approximately 120 μm thick exposed to a copper-tolerant marine bacterium, Oceanospirillum, and an abiotic culture medium were subsampled (1 cm × 1 cm) for this study along with unexposed control samples.

High resolution at low voltage: A new approach

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Arthur V. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Low Voltage Operation ◽  
Sufficient Intensity ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Immersion Type

With the introduction of field-emission sources and “immersion-type” objective lenses, the resolution obtainable with modern scanning electron microscopes is approaching that obtainable in STEM and TEM-but only with specific types of specimens. Bulk specimens still suffer from the restrictions imposed by internal scattering and the need to be conducting. Advances in coating techniques have largely overcome these problems but for a sizeable body of specimens, the restrictions imposed by coating are unacceptable.For such specimens, low voltage operation, with its low beam penetration and freedom from charging artifacts, is the method of choice.Unfortunately the technical dificulties in producing an electron beam sufficiently small and of sufficient intensity are considerably greater at low beam energies — so much so that a radical reevaluation of convential design concepts is needed.The probe diameter is usually given by

New approach to drawing in dental anatomy

1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
JI Mock ◽  
JW Grenfell ◽  
WA Richter
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Dental Anatomy

Errata

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-176
Keyword(s):  
Speech Audiometry ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sentence Reading

In the November 1968 issue of this journal, Margaret M. Martyn’s name was misspelled Martin on page 315. In the same issue, page 325, column 2 (Jerger, Speaks, and Trammell, “A New Approach to Speech Audiometry”), the sentence reading “Whenever the loss is sloping, however, the PB area underestimates and the SSI area overestimates the amount of handicap” should read as follows: “Whenever the loss is sloping, however, the PB area overestimates and the SSI area underestimates the amount of the handicap.”

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