A STUDY OF COMPARISON ON KNOWLEDGE AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT HIV/AIDS AMONG STUDENTS IN A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA

This descriptive cross-sectional study is aimed at studying the comparison on knowledge and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS among the Malaysian undergraduate students at SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Malaysia. Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 180 students using a validated questionnaire survey which included a socio-demographics section and four sub-sections of 36 questions which assessed the general knowledge, general public perceptions, the respondent’s views on the measures to prevent the disease and misconceptions related to the disease. The data were analysed by using the SPSS software, and Chi-square test was used to find the p-value for each of the questions. The average mean score assessing the knowledge of the Malaysian students in SEGi was 81.48%, where the Health Science students scored 44.31% with a standard deviation of 0.015 and the Non-Health Science students scored 37.17% with a standard deviation of 0.036. When comparing each question using the Chi-square test, most of the answers of the Health Science students and Non-Health Science students showed a significant difference where the p-value was <0.05. From the results of this study it is clear that the Health Science students had better knowledge and fewer misconceptions about HIV/AIDS than the Non-Health Science students. Thus, more emphasis should be directed toward raising awareness and eliminating misconceptions among the Non-Health Science students.

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Orthodontics-Awareness Amongst Medical Students

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Türkan SEZEN ERHAMZA ◽

Kübra A ARSLAN ÇARPAR

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Statistical Evaluation ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Treatment Procedures

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of orthodontics, a specialty of dentistry,amongst Medical Students. Materials and Method: A sample of 550 students (279 female, 226 male aged between 18 and 36 years) were attented.Of the subjects, 58.6% (n = 296) were preclinical students, while 41.4% (n = 209) were clinical students. The students were informed about the questionnaire and asked to fill in the questionnaire forms. For the comparison of data between groups (gender, level of education), the chi-square test was used. A chi-square test was used for statistical evaluation and the p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: 385 students (76.2%) had heard the term orthodontics although 41.2% of the subjects knew that orthodonticswas concerned with malocclusions and their treatment. The question about treatment procedures was answeredas scaling by 35.8%, tooth polishing by 40%, tooth aligning by 89.9% of the students. The percentage of knowingorthodontics to be related to tooth aligning showed a significant difference between female and male (p = 0.006), andpreclinical and clinical students (p = 0.033). Of the participants, 42.8% thought that dentures, 83% brackets, 78.8% ofremovable appliances were used by orthodontists. Conclusion: Our results have shown that medical students should have more information about orthodontics, aspecialty of dentistry.

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A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of low dose mirtazapine once daily in patients of major depressive disorders on escitalopram

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191602 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1067

Author(s):

Mallikarjuna Rao I. ◽

Usha Kiran Prayaga ◽

Dharma Rao Uppada ◽

Ramachandra Rao E. ◽

B. L. Kudagi

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Low Dose ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Study ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: The SSRIs being used as 1st line therapy in treatment of depression have delayed therapeutic effect which makes the patient vulnerable to an increased risk of suicide and decreased adherence to the treatment and will prematurely discontinue the therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate if low dose mirtazapine-escitalopram combination therapy has any add on benefit over monotherapy with escitalopram.Methods: In a single-centered, comparative study involving patients with depression attending the out-patient after screening and exclusion, 60 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive tablet mirtazapine 7.5 mg plus tablet escitalopram 10 mg intervention or tablet escitalopram 10 mg plus placebo intervention in a double-blind 6-week treatment phase. The primary outcome measure was the change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from baseline. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 1st, 2nd,4th and 6th week. Results were analyzed using Chi-Square test for adverse effects and independent t-test analysis for efficacy parameter.Results: In the analysis of results at 6th week the numbers of patients achieved remission in mirtazapine group are more with a p-value of 0.018 which is significant and the numbers of responders in mirtazapine group are also more which is statistically significant on chi-square test. There is no significant difference was observed between the two groups with reference to occurrence of adverse effect.Conclusions: Adding low dose mirtazapine has an added benefit in terms of efficacy and getting remission early with more number of responders in the treatment of major depression.

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The Effect of the Covid-19 Free Operation Path Protocol on the Incidence of Lung Complications in Postoperative Elective Patients at dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i11.369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 1030-1036

Author(s):

Galih Aktama ◽

Henky Agung Nugroho ◽

Muhammad David Perdana Putra

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Pulmonary Complications ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Elective Surgical Procedures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Elective Patients

The pandemic that began in late 2019, COVID-19, affects all patients, including cancer patients. Patients with cancer that continues to spread and there is no other effective alternative treatment must undergo surgery so that cancer does not get worse. Given this problem, many health care centers have developed a protocol system in the form of a COVID-19-free surgical route. This study is a retrospective cohort study comparing the incidence of pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective cancer surgery at dr. Moewardi Surakarta before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study sample was adult patients aged ≥ 18 years which underwent elective surgical procedures with the aim of curative cancer starting before COVID-19 (March 2019-February 2020) until the time the COVID-19 pandemic emerged (March 2020 - February 2021). The data obtained were 768 patients. Of these patients, 384 were classified as having a COVID19-free operation route during the pandemic, and 384 others underwent elective surgery in the pre-pandemic period. Based on the Chi-Square test, a p-value of 0.850 was obtained (P>0.05) which shows that there is significant difference between cases of pulmonary complications in surgical patients before and after the pandemic who were carried out through the COVID-19-free protocol route. In conclusion, there is no significant change in effect of the covid-19 free operation path protocol on the incidence of lung complications in postoperative elective patients at dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, although this patented and mandatory protocol can reduce cancer patients’ morbidity and mortality who undergoing elective surgery during a pandemic.

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Variation in lip print pattern between two ethnic groups, Oraon tribals and Bengalee Hindus, residing in West Bengal, India

Anthropological Review ◽

10.2478/anre-2019-0031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 405-415

Author(s):

Archita Dey ◽

Mahua Chanak ◽

Kaustav Das ◽

Koel Mukherjee ◽

Kaushik Bose

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

West Bengal ◽

Personal Identification ◽

P Value ◽

Type Ii ◽

Ethnic Variation ◽

Criminal Cases ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Lip print pattern (LPP) is unique to each individual. For decades, forensic experts have used LPP for personal identification to solve criminal cases. However, studies investigating ethnic variation in LPP are scanty. Our study wanted to investigate variation in LPP between two ethnic groups, Oraon tribals and Bengalee Hindus, residing in West Bengal, India. A total of 280 participants included 112 Oraons and168 Bengalee Hindus of both. Prints were taken using dark shaded lipstick and transparent cellophane tape and recorded into white A4 sheet. Prints were divided into four quadrants and examined by magnifying glass. For analysis of results, classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi was followed. A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. It was observed that Type II pattern was dominant in first and second quadrants in both ethnic groups, irrespective of sex. Combination of Type II+III was found to be the most common pattern in males among both Oraons (16.2%) and Bengalee Hindus (12.2%) whereas in females Type II pattern (25.0%) among Oraons and Type III pattern among Bengalee Hindus (11.4%) was the most common. Chi square test showed statistically significant difference among females (p<0.05) and in third and fourth quadrants among males (p<0.01) of both ethnic groups. Our investigation clearly demonstrated sex and ethnic variations in LPP. Further studies are required to investigate ethnic variation in LPP among the various populations groups, both tribal as well as non-tribal, from different regions of India.

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Combination Therapy Of Tadalafil And Pentoxifylline In Severe Erectile Dysfunction; A Prospective Randomized Trial

Polish Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1515/pjs-2015-0075 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar ◽

Rajesh Roat ◽

Swati Agrawal ◽

Kumar Jayant ◽

Ravimohan S. Mavuduru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Erectile Function ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstractwas to assess efficacy of Tadalafil alone versus Tadalafil plus Pentoxifylline in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by using self administered IIEF-5 questionnaire.Two hundred and thirty seven patients presenting with ED at andrology OPD were evaluated for ED by a self administered IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) questionnaire. Patients were systematically randomized by computer generated random table into two groups groups namely, group A: Tadalafil only group, group B: combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifyl-line. All the patients were re-assessed by IIEF-5 questionnaire after 8 weeks of medical therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s unpaired t-test, paired t-test, chi square test. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Two hundred and thirty seven patients were included in the present study, in group A: 92 patients (78.6%) showed improvement in their IIEF score after 8 weeks of tadalafil treatment. While in group B, overall 104 patients(86.6%) showed improvement after combination of Tadalafil and Pentoxifylline. There was a statistically significant difference of percentage change in IIEF score was seen in group B (group A 90.7±15.2%, group B 95.6±13.4%; p value – 0.014). We found this difference even more statistically significant in patients with severe ED (group A 72.7±47.2%, group B 132.3±54.3%; p value – 0.000). There was no significant difference in between the two groups with regards to occur-rence of side effects.Both tadalafil and combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifylline improve erectile function in patients of ED. Patients with severe ED showed much significant improvement in erectile function with combination therapy.

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Configural, Metric and Scalar Invariance Measurement of Academic Delay of Gratification Scale

iJARS International Journal Of Humanities and Social Studies ◽

10.20908/ijarsijhss.v3i3.7903 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rajib Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Delay Of Gratification ◽

Degree Of Freedom ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Scalar Invariance ◽

Academic Delay ◽

Academic Delay Of Gratification

The present study measured the partial (configural, metric and scalar) invariance of Academic Delay of Gratification Scale (ADOGS) for college students prepared by Hefer Bembenutty and Stuart Karabenick (1996), with respect to gender. 488 students (277 boys and 211 girls) from engineering, law, pharmacy, and education faculties of Sultan Ul Uloom Education Society, Hyderabad, were samples of the study. Confirmatory Factor Analysis framework was used to test the three invariance, one at a time, using SPSS AMOS Ver.23. This was done by constraining the factor structure, factor loadings and intercepts for the genders boys and girls simultaneously. The SPSS AMOS CFA test provided Chi-square value and degree of freedom for the unconstrained and the constrained structures. By comparing the difference in the Chi-square test p-value for a degree of freedom of the constrained factor structure with the unconstrained structure’s Chi-Square p-value and its degree of freedom using an excel sheet calculator of Chi-square test available on the Internet, the measurement invariance of the instrument was verified. The findings of the study reveal that the scale is configural and metric invariant, as there is no significant difference between constrained and unconstrained structures. However, the scale is not scalar invariant. The educational implications are discussed.

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Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS dengan Sikap Pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada Remaja

Indonesian Journal of Health Research ◽

10.32805/ijhr.2018.1.1.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

I Ketut Andika Priastana ◽

Hendra Sugiarto

Keyword(s):

P Value ◽

Human Immune System ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Relationship ◽

Prevention Of Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system and Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of symptoms of disease caused by HIV. UNICEF stated that the number of deaths among adolescents due to HIV/AIDS has increased. In Indonesia, cases of HIV/AIDS have begun to attack adolescents, one of the causes of which is a lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS with the prevention attitude against HIV/AIDS in adolescents in Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia. Methods. The research design used was cross sectional, random sampling technique with a sample of 82 people. The statistical analysis used was Chi square test with a significance level of 5%. Results. The results showed that the majority of respondents in the category of sufficient knowledge, namely as many as 53.7% and most had an agreeing attitude towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS as many as 65.9%. The results of the analysis of the Chi square test showed that the relationship between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the attitude of prevention of HIV/AIDS in adolescents showed p value = 0.001 (p value <0.05). Conclusion. This study found that there was a correlation between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the attitude of preventing HIV/AIDS in adolescents. Teenagers can improve their knowledge more optimally so that they are more vigilant and supportive of HIV/AIDS prevention.

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Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Permanent Teeth in Aseer, KSA

Journal of Oral & Dental Health ◽

10.33140/jodh/01/02/00006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Permanent Teeth ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Congenitally Missing Teeth ◽

Congenitally Missing

Background: Hypodontia or congenitally missing teeth is among dental anomalies with different prevalence in each region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Aseer region population. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was done. Panoramic radiographs of 1050 patients (370 girls and 680 boys), 12-40 years old, were collected. The radiographs were studied for evidence of congenitally missing teeth. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fisher exact test and Chi-square test (0.05). Results: Prevalence of congenitally missing teeth was totally 7.42%. The most frequent congenitally missing teeth was mandibular second premolars (28.21%) followed by maxillary second premolars (25.64%). Upper jaw showed significantly higher number of congenitally missing teeth (P value 0.001). According to Chi-square test, congenital missing teeth were found approximately 7.42% in both females and males and there were no statistically significant difference between sexes (P 0.19). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenitally missing teeth (CMT) in Aseer region permanent dentition was 7.42%. The most common congenitally missing teeth were mandibular second premolar fallowed by maxillary second premolars.

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General radon gas knowledge test assessment for BCIT students

BCIT Environmental Public Health Journal ◽

10.47339/ephj.2018.67 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jamie Zhang ◽

BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽

Helen Heacock ◽

Jeffrey Ma

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Health Science ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Science Students ◽

Health Science Students ◽

Radon Gas ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hazard Zone ◽

Geographic Regions ◽

Radon Survey

Background Vancouver is located in a generally low-radon hazard zone. However, other parts of British Columbia such as the BC Interior or Northern BC are classified as high-radon hazard zone (or zone 1) due to the geological composition of rocks and soils in those areas. Despite the significant health risks associated with radon gas exposure, many BC residents and people across Canada have little to no knowledge regarding the topic. Since Post-secondary schools, such as the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), are places where knowledge is distributed and shared to our societies, it is important to assess students’ general knowledge background regarding radon gas. The result can then be extrapolated to the general populations. Methods An electronic survey was conducted to determine whether students in the six schools at BCIT have different background knowledge level regarding radon gas. The survey also determines students’ radon background knowledge based on different geographic regions they reside. The survey was conducted in-person at three main locations across BCIT’s Burnaby campus. It was administered using Google Forms and distributed to participants on Microsoft Surface 2. Results The One-way ANOVA statistical analysis result indicated that there is a significant difference in mean radon survey scores among the six various BCIT schools(p=0.009). In addition, the Tukey Test revealed that students from the School of Health Science have an average radon survey score which is significantly different when compared to students from the School of Business. However, it was found that there is no significant difference in the mean radon survey scores between the School of Business and other schools at BCIT. Nonetheless, it was evident that the School of Health Science students had relatively higher radon survey scores and thus, were more knowledgeable regarding radon gas compared to students from the other five schools. When analyzing survey scores among students residing in various geographic regions, the test showed that there is no significant difference in mean radon survey scores among BCIT students living in various geographic locations(p=0.46). Conclusion Based on the result of the study, the result showed that there is a significant difference in radon gas knowledge among BCIT students who majored in different schools. The School of Health Science students were more knowledgeable regarding the topic of radon gas compared to students in other schools. Nonetheless, all BCIT students achieved an average radon survey score of less than five out of ten, which was considered a failure score (Less than five out of ten). This showed that most BCIT students had very limited knowledge regarding radon gas and there were very limited amount of educational initiatives or campaigns available for students at BCIT. BCIT’s student association is recommended to create educational sessions across campus to raise student awareness regarding radon gas. At the community level, governments and various agencies such as the BC Lung Association need to work together to create radon awareness campaigns across BC and the rest of Canada. In order to get a more accurate representation of the radon gas knowledge level among people in BC, more research studies need to be conducted in other schools or general population groups.

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