Bipolar Type I Disorder in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Syaiful Fadilah ◽  
Fatimah Haniman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Type I ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Clinical Area ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Dsm Iv

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is a clinical disorder that causes publicmental health problems that need attention. In the last decade, bipolar disorder in children andadolescents has become a trendy field, both in the clinical area and in research, especially interms of diagnosis, which is still controversial. The controversy that remains is whether it ispossible to diagnose bipolar disorder in prepubertal children. Based on the DSM-IV-TRdiagnostic criteria, the prevalence of the bipolar disorder in children scarce rare.Epidemiological studies report the lifetime prevalence of bipolar I and II disorders in lateadolescence is about 1 per cent. Various studies in a large population have shown aprevalence rate of 0.1% -2%. The onset of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is oftenaccompanied by a more severe disease course, compared to bipolar disorder with onset inadulthood. This case report presents a case of bipolar 1 in children accompanied bycomprehensive management.

Psychosocial Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (S3) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Noreen Reilly-Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Collaborative Care ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Psychoeducational Intervention ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Social Rhythm

Medication is the mainstay of treatment for bipolar disorder. However, no medication will be effective if patients do not take it, and the rates of medication compliance in bipolar disorder are very low. Johnson and McFarland found that the modal length of compliance with a mood stabilizer was only 2 months. Keck and colleagues found that 50% to 66% of patients with bipolar disorder exhibit poor compliance within the first 12 months of treatment. In addition, even with adequate medication compliance, high rates of relapse persist.Adjunctive psychosocial treatments can help reduce relapse and provide patients as well as their families with tools to manage bipolar disorder more effectively. Several forms of intensive psychotherapy have shown promise for the treatment of bipolar disorder. In the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder, Miklowitz and colleagues compared three forms of intensive interventions: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, and family-focused treatment. These were compared to a brief, 3-session psychoeducational intervention known as collaborative care. A total of 293 depressed patients with bipolar type I or type II disorder were treated with protocol pharmacotherapy and were randomly assigned to either one of the three intensive interventions or the brief psychoeducational intervention.The three intensive interventions provided up to 30 sessions of treatment over a 9-month period. The collaborative care intervention consisted of three sessions administered over a 6-week period. The authors found that patients who received one of the intensive interventions had a median time to recovery 110 days earlier than patients who had received the collaborative care conditions. Patients who received one of the three intensive psychotherapies also had significantly higher year-end recovery rates, and are more than 1 to 1.5 times more likely to be clinically well during any study month. No statistically significant differences were found between the 3 intensive treatments.

Neuroanatomical correlates of genetic risk for bipolar disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study in bipolar type I patients and healthy first degree relatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybala Sarıçiçek ◽  
Nefize Yalın ◽  
Ceren Hıdıroğlu ◽  
Berrin Çavuşoğlu ◽  
Cumhur Taş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Type I ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Bipolar Type

scholarly journals Comorbidity Between ADHD and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder in a Community Sample of Children and Adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Reich ◽  
Rosalind J. Neuman ◽  
Heather E. Volk ◽  
Cynthia A. Joyner ◽  
Richard D. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Adhd Subtypes ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dsm Iv

AbstractThe prevalence and frequency of comorbidity of possible bipolar disorder was examined with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a nonreferred population of twins. Children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years with a history of manic symptoms were identified from a population-based twin sample obtained from state birth records (n = 1610). The sample was enriched for ADHD; however, there was also a random control sample (n = 466), which allowed a look at the population prevalence of the disorder. Juveniles with threshold or below threshold manic episodes were further assessed for comorbidity with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and population-defined ADHD subtypes (from latent class analysis) using Fisher's exact test. Nine juveniles who exhibited DSM-IV manic (n = 1), hypomanic (n = 2) or below threshold episodes (n = 6) were identified. The population prevalence of broadly defined mania in the random sample was 0.2%. The possible manic episodes showed significant comorbidity with population-defined severe combined and talkative ADHD subtypes. It can be concluded that there is a significant association of bipolar symptoms with two population-defined subtypes of ADHD. Episodes of possible bipolar disorders as defined by DSM-IV are uncommon in this nonreferred sample. Children and adolescents with ADHD appear to be only modestly at increased risk for bipolar disorders.

scholarly journals Lurasidone: Ten Years Treating Adults with Bipolar Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Margarida Albuquerque ◽  
João Facucho-Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Esteves-Sousa ◽  
Nuno Moura ◽  
Daniel Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Bipolar Type ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
The Eu

Lurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic approved in 2010 in Canada and in the USA for the treatment of adults with schizophrenia or bipolar type I disorder. In 2014 it was approved in the European Union for the treatment of patients with 13 years‑old or older, with schizophrenia. Lurasidone is a benzisothiazole derivative with a binding profile that makes it an antidepressant candidate with a low metabolic impact. In patients with bipolar disorder, depressive episodes tend to be present for the majority of the time and are difficult to treat, as shown in multiple surveys indicating that more than three quarters of patients with bipolar depression receive at least two pharmaceutical drugs and more than one third receive three or more. Some relevant international guidelines include different first‑line options in the treatment of bipolar depression, among which is lurasidone. Considering the difficulties in treating depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, the EU marketing authorization limiting the use of lurasidone in schizophrenia only and the expectable commercialization in Portugal by 2021, we aim to review the literature regarding the efficacy and advantages of lurasidone for depressive episodes of bipolar disorder and to discuss the usefulness of approving this medication as an alternative treatment approach.

scholarly journals Risk of Hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality due to COVID-19 and PIMS-TS in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lisa Sorg ◽  
Markus Hufnagel ◽  
Maren Doenhardt ◽  
Natalie Diffloth ◽  
Horst Schroten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Icu Admission

Background: Although children and adolescents have a lower burden of SARS-CoV-2-associated disease as compared to adults, assessing absolute risk among children remains difficult due to a high rate of undetected cases. However, without more accurate case numbers, reliable risk analyses are impossible. Methods: We combine data from three sources - a national seroprevalence study (the SARS-CoV-2 KIDS study), the German statutory notification system and a nationwide registry on children and adolescents hospitalized with either SARS-CoV-2 or Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) - in order to provide reliable estimates on childrens hospitalization, intensive care admission and death due to COVID-19 and PIMS-TS. Results: While the overall hospitalization rate associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 35.9 per 10,000 children, ICU admission rate was 1.7 per 10,000 and case fatality was 0.09 per 10,000. Children without comorbidities were found to be significantly less likely to suffer from a severe or fatal disease course. The lowest risk was observed in children aged 5-11 without comorbidities. In this group, the ICU admission rate was 0.2 per 10,000 and case fatality could not be calculated, due to an absence of cases. The overall PIMS-TS rate was 1 per 4,000 SARS-CoV-2 infections, the majority being children without comorbidities. Conclusion: Overall, the SARS-CoV-2-associated burden of a severe disease course or death in children and adolescents is low. This seems particularly the case for 5-11-year-old children without comorbidities. By contrast, PIMS-TS plays a major role in overall disease burden among all pediatric age groups.

scholarly journals Sleep loss as a trigger of mood episodes in bipolar disorder: Individual differences based on diagnostic subtype and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Swaden Lewis ◽  
Katherine Gordon-Smith ◽  
Liz Forty ◽  
Arianna Di Florio ◽  
Nick Craddock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundSleep loss may trigger mood episodes in people with bipolar disorder but individual differences could influence vulnerability to this trigger.AimsTo determine whether bipolar subtype (bipolar disorder type I (BP-I) or II (BD-II)) and gender were associated with vulnerability to the sleep loss trigger.MethodDuring a semi-structured interview, 3140 individuals (68% women) with bipolar disorder (66% BD-I) reported whether sleep loss had triggered episodes of high or low mood. DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar subtype was derived from case notes and interview data.ResultsSleep loss triggering episodes of high mood was associated with female gender (odds ratio (OR) = 143, 95% CI 1.17–1.75,P<0.001) and BD-I subtype (OR=2.81, 95% CI 2.26–3.50,P<0.001). Analyses on sleep loss triggering low mood were not significant following adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsGender and bipolar subtype may increase vulnerability to high mood following sleep deprivation. This should be considered in situations where patients encounter sleep disruption, such as shift work and international travel.

Relationship between cognitive functioning and 6-month clinical and functional outcome in patients with first manic episode bipolar I disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Torres ◽  
C. M. DeFreitas ◽  
V. G. DeFreitas ◽  
D. J. Bond ◽  
M. Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Type I ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAlthough cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder have been associated with diminished functional outcome, this relationship has been studied primarily through cross-sectional designs, and has not been studied in patients early in the course of illness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive functioning on longitudinal 6-month functional and clinical outcome in recently diagnosed clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder.MethodA total of 53 recently diagnosed patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorder type I were assessed within 3 months of their first manic episode using a neuropsychological battery measuring verbal/pre-morbid intellectual functioning, learning/memory, spatial/non-verbal reasoning, attention/processing speed and executive function. Functional outcome was assessed at baseline and 6 months using the Multidimensional Scale of Independent Functioning (MSIF) and DSM-IV Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Clinical outcome was assessed with symptom ratings and by monitoring onset of new mood episodes.ResultsMemory, particularly verbal learning/memory, was robustly associated with 6-month functional outcome on the MSIF, even after partialling out the influence of mood symptoms and substance abuse co-morbidity. Depression ratings at 6 months, but not cognitive variables, were associated with 6-month GAF scores. Cognitive functioning was not associated with 6-month clinical outcome.ConclusionsMemory was associated with 6-month longitudinal functional but not clinical outcome in recently diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder. These data further support the distinction between clinical and functional outcome, and emphasize the need for identification of, and development of treatments for, cognitive impairments early in the course of bipolar disorder.

Thalamocortical abnormalities in auditory brainstem response patterns distinguish DSM-IV bipolar disorder type I from schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Sköld ◽  
Johan Källstrand ◽  
Sara Nehlstedt ◽  
Annelie Nordin ◽  
Sören Nielzén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Type I ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Disorder Type

scholarly journals Adult Bipolar Disorder is Continuous with Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiki Chang
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Dsm Iv

Considerable debate exists regarding the continuity of bipolar disorder (BD) in children and adolescents. Do affected children continue to have BD as adults? Are pediatric forms of BD distinct from adult forms of the disorder? Here, I argue that, in fact, strictly defined BD I and II in children and adolescents is continuous with adult BD. First, if we take developmental differences into account, children and adults share similar symptoms, since they are both diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Next, retrospective studies indicate that 50% to 66% of adults with BD had onset of their disorder before age 19 years. Early prospective data indicate that adolescents with BD progress to become young adults with BD. Further, family studies of pediatric BD probands find high rates of BD in adult relatives, and pediatric offspring of parents with BD have elevated rates of BD, compared with control subjects. Finally, biological characteristics of pediatric BD (such as treatment response, neurobiology, and genetics) are either shared with adults having BD or fit logically into developmental models of BD. Thus, while not conclusive, a preponderance of data support the hypothesis that pediatric BD is continuous with adult BD. Prospective studies incorporating phenomenological and biological assessment are needed to decisively address this issue.

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