An Overview: Nanoparticles

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Jayvadan K. Patel ◽  
Dhaval J. Patel ◽  
Vikram M. Pandya
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Nanoparticles Characterization ◽  
Pharmacological Screening ◽  
Single Material

Nanoparticles have unique properties as compared to micro or macro particles. Different types of nanoparticulate material use in electronic, magnetic, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, energy, catalytic and materials industries. Nanoparticles can be produced by biological, chemical or physical processes. Several of these processes have been known for a long time, while others are new technologies. Nanoparticles are also used in the medical field to aid in drug delivery and medical imaging. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal drug carriers, typically made of a single material, in which a drug is entrapped, encapsulated or adsorbed onto the surface. In pharmaceutical field, it is estimated that about 40% of newly developed drugs will be poorly soluble in future. The poor solubility even makes it very difficult to perform the pharmacological screening of compounds for potential drug effects. With help of nanoparticle technology, this can be solving. Nanoparticle technology is currently taking prominence in the market. This review presents the production process of nanoparticles, characterization techniques & its clinical aspects

IDLE WELLS REHABILITATION IN THE FIELDS OF EXTREME NORTH

2015 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
A. V. Kustyshev
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Extreme North

The paper reviews the new technologies developed for rehabilitation of wells being out of operating for a long time. It presents a complex of works needed for such wells brining back into operation

scholarly journals The History, Present and Future of Allergen Standardization in the United States and Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Zimmer ◽  
Jennifer Bridgewater ◽  
Fatima Ferreira ◽  
Ronald van Ree ◽  
Ronald L. Rabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Product ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Product Standardization ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Allergen Standardization ◽  
Synthetic Medicinal

The topic of standardization in relation to allergen products has been discussed by allergists, regulators, and manufacturers for a long time. In contrast to synthetic medicinal products, the natural origin of allergen products makes the necessary comparability difficult to achieve. This holds true for both aspects of standardization: Batch-to-batch consistency (or product-specific standardization) and comparability among products from different manufacturers (or cross-product comparability). In this review, we focus on how the United States and the European Union have tackled the topic of allergen product standardization in the past, covering the early joint standardization efforts in the 1970s and 1980s as well as the different paths taken by the two players thereafter until today. So far, these two paths have been based on rather classical immunological methods, including the corresponding benefits like simple feasability. New technologies such as mass spectrometry present an opportunity to redefine the field of allergen standardization in the future.

scholarly journals Strategies Using Gelatin Microparticles for Regenerative Therapy and Drug Screening Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6795
Author(s):  
Teruki Nii
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Gelatin Molecule ◽  
Gelatin Microparticles

Gelatin, a denatured form of collagen, is an attractive biomaterial for biotechnology. In particular, gelatin particles have been noted due to their attractive properties as drug carriers. The drug release from gelatin particles can be easily controlled by the crosslinking degree of gelatin molecule, responding to the purpose of the research. The gelatin particles capable of drug release are effective in wound healing, drug screening models. For example, a sustained release of growth factors for tissue regeneration at the injured sites can heal a wound. In the case of the drug screening model, a tissue-like model composed of cells with high activity by the sustained release of drug or growth factor provides reliable results of drug effects. Gelatin particles are effective in drug delivery and the culture of spheroids or cell sheets because the particles prevent hypoxia-derived cell death. This review introduces recent research on gelatin microparticles-based strategies for regenerative therapy and drug screening models.

scholarly journals Phosphate and Ammonium Removal from Wastewaters Using Natural-Based Innovative Bentonites Impacting on Resource Recovery and Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6684
Author(s):  
Miltiadis Zamparas ◽  
Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos ◽  
Marios Drosos ◽  
Vasilis C. Kapsalis
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ph Range

The research objective of the study is the estimation of a novel low-cost composite material f-MB (Fe-modified bentonite) as a P and N adsorbent from wastewaters. Τhe present study aimed at examining the phosphate and ammonium removal efficiency from different types of wastewater using f-MB, by conducting bench-scale batch experiments to investigate its equilibrium characteristics and kinetics. The SEM analysis revealed that the platelets of bentonite in f-MB do not form normal bentonite sheets, but they have been restructured in a more compact formation with a great porosity. Regarding the sorption efficiencies (Qm), the maximum phosphate sorption efficiencies (Qm) calculated using the Langmuir model were 24.54, 25.09, 26.13, 24.28, and 23.21 mg/g, respectively, for a pH range of 5 to 9. In addition, the maximum NH4+-N adsorption capacities (Qm) calculated from the Langmuir model were 131.8, 145.7, 168.5, 156.7, and 159.6 mg/g, respectively, for a pH range from 5 to 9. Another important finding of this study is that f-MB can recover P from treated wastewater impacting on resource recovery and circular economy (CE). The modified clay f-MB performed the phosphate and ammonium recovery rates of 80% and 78.5%, respectively. Finally, f-MB can slowly release the largest proportion of phosphate and ammonium ions for a long time, thus extending the application of the f-MB material as a slow-release fertilizer and soil improver.

scholarly journals Evaluations of All-in-One, Polycarboxylate-Based Superplasticizer with Viscosity Modifying Agents for the Application of Normal-Strength, High-Fluidity Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11141
Author(s):  
Tae-Woong Kong ◽  
Hyun-Min Yang ◽  
Han-Seung Lee ◽  
Chang-Bok Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Lower Yield Stress ◽  
Slump Flow ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Normal Strength ◽  
Physical Phenomena

High fluidity concrete exhibits an excellent self-compacting property. However, the application of typical high-fluidity concrete is limited in the normal strength range (18~35 MPa) due to the large amount of binder. Therefore, it is important to solve these problems by adding a viscosity modifying agent (VMA) with a superplasticizer (PCE), which helps to improve the fluidity of the concrete. In addition, the rheology and stability of the concrete with VMA can be improved by preventing bleeding and segregation issues. Current studies focused on the physical phenomena of concrete such as the fluidity, rheological properties, and compressive strength of normal-strength, high-fluidity concrete (NSHFC) with different types of a polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer (NPCE). The obtained results suggested that the combinations of all-in-one polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers (NPCE) did not cause any cohesion or sedimentation even stored for a long time. The combination of three types of VMA showed the best fluidity (initial slump flow of 595~630 mm) without any segregation and bleeding, and the compressive strength at 28 days was also found to be the highest: 34–37 MPa. From these results, the combination of PCE (2.0%) + HPMC (0.3%) + WG (0.1%) + ST (0.1%) showed an 18% higher plastic viscosity and -4.4% lower yield stress than Plain.

Different Levels of 3D: An Evaluation of Visualized Discrete Spatiotemporal Data in Space-Time Cubes

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kjellin ◽  
Lars Winkler Pettersson ◽  
Stefan Seipel ◽  
Mats Lind
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatiotemporal Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
Stereoscopic Visualization ◽  
Different Levels

New technologies and techniques allow novel kinds of visualizations and different types of 3D visualizations are constantly developed. We propose a categorization of 3D visualizations and, based on this categorization, evaluate two versions of a space-time cube that show discrete spatiotemporal data. The two visualization techniques used are a head-tracked stereoscopic visualization (‘strong 3D’) and a static monocular visualization (‘weak 3D’). In terms of effectiveness and efficiency the weak 3D visualization is as good as the strong 3D and thus the need for advanced 3D visualizations in these kinds of tasks may not be necessary.

Planning for a Disaster

2016 ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Cowick ◽  
Jeff Cowick
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Reference Tools

In this paper the authors discuss what a disaster plan entails and the steps that need to be taken for an institution to create such a plan, including taking advantage of all the new opportunities to provide a more comprehensive disaster plan through new technologies such as mobile applications, cloud storage and online reference tools. A disaster is a sudden change of situation, because of this, the planning for such an event needs to be done well ahead of time so that adequate training can be implemented and the response to the disaster can be quick and effective. As much as apathy, avoidance and lack of resources can be excuses as to why we have not created an institutional disaster plan, being prepared and trained to handle the different types of emergency disasters that can befall a library or archive is the best way to ensure that the materials will remain protected and the damage done to them in the case of an actual disaster is minimized. The steps outlined in this chapter will help any library or archive in the creation of a successful disaster plan and help them understand why some disaster plans fail.

New Technologies in Hospital Information Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 2029-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Petroudi ◽  
Nikolaos Giannakakis
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Information System ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Contradictory Evidence

A hospital information system (HIS), variously also called clinical information system (CIS), is a comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage the administrative, financial, and clinical aspects of a hospital. This encompasses paper-based information processing as well as data processing machines. As an area of medical informatics, the aim of an HIS is to achieve the best possible support of patient care and administration by electronic data processing. It can be composed of one or few software components with specialty specific extensions, as well as of a large variety of subsystems in medical specialties (e.g., laboratory information system, radiology information system). CISs are sometimes separated from HISs in that the former concentrate on patient and clinical state-related data (electronic patient record), whereas the latter keeps track of administrative issues. The distinction is not always clear, and there is contradictory evidence against a consistent use of both terms.

Blockchain Technology for Records Management in Botswana and Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-67
Author(s):  
Olefhile Mosweu ◽  
Forget Chaterera-Zambuko
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Acceptance Model

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) has ushered in several emerging and disruptive technologies. Southern Africa's records management practices have for a long time been reported to lag behind in embracing new technologies. Several studies have revealed lack of requisite skills to manage electronic records while others still lament the un-procedural management of paper records. The intention of this chapter is, therefore, to initiate a discourse that challenges information management practitioners to embrace disruptive technologies lest they themselves get disrupted. There are several emerging technologies, but this chapter focuses on blockchain technology and its possible benefits for records management. Guided by the technology acceptance model, the study established that archivists and records managers in Botswana and Zimbabwe would adopt blockchain if it is easy to use and useful for records management. The chapter ends by proposing a model for the adoption of blockchain technology for records management.

Drugs and Personality

1957 ◽  
Vol 103 (432) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Eysenck ◽  
H. Holland ◽  
D. S. Trouton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Test ◽  
Necker Cube ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mechanical Arrangement

In the first paper of this series, it was pointed out that one of the reasons why McDougall's theory of drug action and personality was not accepted at all widely was connected with the fact that he failed to provide an objective, experimental test which could be used to diagnose extraversion-introversion, and to assess drug effects. This argument is not entirely correct; McDougall did in fact suggest one such test, namely the rate of fluctuation of so-called reversible perspective figures. Many varieties of these are known, and have been used experimentally; the Necker cube, the staircase, the vase-face, and the windmill patterns being probably the best known. In all of these, there is an ambiguity in the drawing which makes it possible to perceive two distinct patterns in the stimulus; on prolonged inspection these patterns alternate, and it is the rate of alternation, signalled verbally or by suitable mechanical arrangement, which constitutes the score on this test. It is known that different types of pattern give reasonably reliable scores, and also that rates of alternation on different patterns correlate quite highly together, thus demonstrating that one and the same tendency is being measured. That this tendency is of central rather than peripheral character is indicated by the fact that changes in the rate of reversal due to fatigue and other causes can be transferred from one eye to the other.

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