Evaluation of Biological Activities of Chemically Synthesized Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles in Concentration and Time Dependent Manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5243-5249
Author(s):  
Vijayta Gupta ◽  
Vinay Kant ◽  
Meena Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Co3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli

The promising results of metal oxides nanoparticles in different areas including the biological system lead us to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial actions of chemically synthesized cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles. The different concentrations of synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated for different parameters at different time intervals i.e.  on day 1, 30 and 60 after preparations.  Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized in this study were of 52.2 nm average size with a polydispersity index of 0.465. We observed that Co3O4 nanoparticles scavenge different in vitro free radicals (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide radicals) in concentration dependent manner. The percentage of inhibitions of free radicals by Co3O4 nanoparticles was markedly more on day 1 as compared to day 30 and 60. The IC50 values of Co3O4 nanoparticles for these free radicals were also on day 1 as compared to day 30 and 60. The Co3O4 nanoparticles showed the antibacterial actions against both the bacterial strains i.e. S. aureus and E. coli. The MIC and MBC values revealed that action of Co3O4 nanoparticles was more against E. coli than S. aureus. The MIC and MBC values were lower on day 1 as compared to day 30 and 60 with respective to specific bacteria. In conclusions, the Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized in this study showed potent antioxidant and antibacterial properties due to which it may serve as promising candidate for the combat the biological problems humans, animals and plants associated with reactive oxygen species and bacteria.

scholarly journals 617. Efficacy of Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA), a Zinc Chelator, in Combination with Imipenem Against Metallo-β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in a Murine Peritonitis Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S287-S287
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Cheminet ◽  
Patrice Nordmann ◽  
Francoise Chau ◽  
Nicolas Kieffer ◽  
Katell Peoc’h ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zinc Chelator ◽  
Peritonitis Model

Abstract Background A strategy used by bacterial strains to resist β-lactam antibiotics is the expression of metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) requiring zinc for activity. The use of a zinc chelator may restore carbapenem activity against MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. DMSA is a heavy metal chelator approved in humans with a satisfactory safety record. Our objective was to evaluate the activity of DMSA in combination with carbapenems, in vitro and in a fatal murine peritonitis model, against MBL-producing Escherichia coli. Methods Isogenic derivatives of wild-type E. coli CFT073 producing the MBL NDM-1, VIM-2, IMP-1, and the serine carbapenemases OXA-48 and KPC-3 were constructed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were determined against each strain alone or in combination with DMSA. Mice were infected with E. coli CFT073 or NDM-1 and treated intraperitoneally for 24 hours with imipenem 100 mg/kg every 4 hours, DMSA 200 mg/kg every 4 hours, or both. Mice survival rates and bacterial counts in peritoneal fluid (PF) and spleen were assessed at 24 hours. Results In vitro, DMSA in combination with each carbapenem permitted a significant decrease of the MICs against all MBL-producing strains, in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximum effect was found for the NDM-1 strain with a 6- to 8-fold MIC reduction, depending on the carbapenem used. NDM-1 strain became susceptible to carbapenems with concentrations of DMSA ≥6 mM. Increasing zinc concentrations above 1 mg/L (average human plasma concentration) did not alter this effect. No benefit of DMSA was observed against non-MBL strains. In vivo, when used alone, the DMSA regimen was not toxic in uninfected mice and ineffective against NDM-1-infected mice (100% mortality). Combination of imipenem and DMSA significantly reduced bacterial counts in PF and spleen as compared with imipenem alone (P < 0.001), and reduced mortality, although not significantly (11% vs. 37%, respectively, P = 0.12). No benefit of the combination was observed against CFT073. Conclusion DMSA is highly effective in vitro in reducing carbapenems MICs against MBL-producing E. coli and appears as a promising strategy in combination with carbapenems for the treatment of NDM-1-related infections. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Haloferax sp. NRS1: image analysis, characterization, in vitro thrombolysis and cytotoxicity

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend M. Tag ◽  
Amna A. Saddiq ◽  
Monagi Alkinani ◽  
Nashwa Hagagy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps

AbstractHaloferax sp strain NRS1 (MT967913) was isolated from a solar saltern on the southern coast of the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The present study was designed for estimate the potential capacity of the Haloferax sp strain NRS1 to synthesize (silver nanoparticles) AgNPs. Biological activities such as thrombolysis and cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated. The characterization of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Haloferax sp (Hfx-AgNPs) was analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dark brown color of the Hfx-AgNPs colloidal showed maximum absorbance at 458 nm. TEM image analysis revealed that the shape of the Hfx-AgNPs was spherical and a size range was 5.77- 73.14 nm. The XRD spectra showed a crystallographic plane of silver nanoparticles, with a crystalline size of 29.28 nm. The prominent FTIR peaks obtained at 3281, 1644 and 1250 cm− 1 identified the Functional groups involved in the reduction of silver ion reduction to AgNPs. Zeta potential results revealed a negative surface charge and stability of Hfx-AgNPs. Colloidal solution of Hfx-AgNPs with concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μg/mL was used to determine its hemolytic activity. Less than 12.5 μg/mL of tested agent showed no hemolysis with high significant decrease compared with positive control, which confirms that Hfx-AgNPs are considered non-hemolytic (non-toxic) agents according to the ISO/TR 7405-1984(f) protocol. Thrombolysis activity of Hfx-AgNPs was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, Hfx-AgNPs may be considered a promising lead compound for the pharmacological industry.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Honey Extract

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Sun ◽  
Feng-Feng Shi ◽  
Wen-Wen Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Hao Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Safflower honey is a unique type of monofloral honey collected from the nectar of Carthamus tinctorius L. in the Apis mellifera colonies of northwestern China. Scant information is available regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. Here, for the first time, we investigated this honey’s chemical composition and evaluated its in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Basic physicochemical parameters of the safflower honey samples in comparison to established quality standards suggested that safflower honeys presented a good level of quality. The in vitro antioxidant tests showed that extract from Carthamus tinctorius L. honey (ECH) effectively scavenged DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals. In lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activated murine macrophages inflammatory model, ECH treatment to the cells inhibited the release of nitric oxide and down-regulated the expressions of inflammatory-relating genes (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1). The expressions of the antioxidant genes TXNRD, HO-1, and NQO-1, were significantly boosted in a concentration-dependent manner. ECH decreased the phosphorylation of IκBα and inhibited the nuclear entry of the NF-κB-p65 protein, in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells, accompany with the increased expressions of Nrf-2 and HO-1, suggesting that ECH achieved the anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB signal transduction and boosting the antioxidant system via activating Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling. These results, taken together, indicated that safflower honey has great potential into developing as a high-quality agriproduct.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hydroxybenzoate Lithium Complexes in Inducing Apoptosis in HT-1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jassem G. Mahdi ◽  
Eamon J. Mahdi ◽  
Amal Al-Hazzaa ◽  
Chris J. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fibrosarcoma Cells ◽  
Lithium Complexes ◽  
Human Fibrosarcoma Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

There has been a growing interest in the beneficial effects of simple phenolic acids and their ability to exhibit various biological activities. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro biological activities of 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzoate lithium (HBLi) complexes on HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells by methods of using a metabolic activity assay, immunochemical and morphological techniques. Results showed that HBLi complexes exert their cytotoxic activities in a concentration- and chemical structure-dependent manner in the following order: 4-HBLi > 3-HBLi > 2-HBLi. Flow cytometry displayed evidence of apoptosis induced by 3-HBLi (21.8%) and 4-HBLi (33.2%). These results were verified by SEM, which revealed the formation of apoptotic bodies. In addition, these 3-HBLi and 4-HBLi caused an increase in HT-1080 cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase when compared to the controls (25% and 30.6%, resp.) when cells were treated with 6 mM for 24 hours. Immunochemical studies related to the molecular mechanism of apoptosis indicated that HBLi complexes downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax, p53, and caspases-3 in a concentration-dependent manner. HBLi complexes lowered Bcl-2/Bax ratios and induced the expression of p53 and caspase-3. These results suggest that HBLi complexes may exert their apoptotic effects through mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-dependent, apoptotic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Cell-free Expression of Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter in the Presence of Nanodiscs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoa Quynh Do ◽  
Carla M Bassil ◽  
Elizabeth I Andersen ◽  
Michaela Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Membrane Scaffold ◽  
The Impact

The Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter (PCFT) is a transmembrane transport protein that controls the absorption of dietary folates in the small intestine. PCFT also mediates uptake of chemotherapeutically used antifolates into tumor cells. PCFT has been identified within lipid rafts observed in phospholipid bilayers of plasma membranes, a micro environment that is altered in tumor cells. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of different lipids within Lipid-protein nanodiscs (LPNs), discoidal lipid structures stabilized by membrane scaffold proteins, to yield soluble PCFT expression in an E. coli lysate-based cell-free transcription/translation system. In the absence of detergents or lipids, we observed PCFT quantitatively as precipitate in this system. We then explored the ability of LPNs to support solubilized PCFT expression when present during in-vitro translation. LPNs consisted of either dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), or dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG). While POPC did not lead to soluble PCFT expression, both DMPG and DMPC supported PCFT translation directly into LPNs, the latter in a concentration dependent manner. The results obtained through this study provide insights into the lipid preferences of PCFT. Membrane-embedded or solubilized PCFT will enable further studies with diverse biophysical approaches to enhance the understanding of the structure and molecular mechanism of folate transport through PCFT.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Equine Platelet Lysate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gordon ◽  
Sonsiray Álvarez-Narváez ◽  
John F. Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Platelet Lysate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli

The development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and the lack of novel antibiotic strategies to combat those bacteria is an ever-present problem in both veterinary and human medicine. The goal of this study is to evaluate platelet lysate (PL) as a biological alternative antimicrobial product. Platelet lysate is an acellular platelet-derived product rich in growth factors and cytokines that is manufactured via plateletpheresis and pooled from donor horses. In the current study, we sought to define the antimicrobial properties of PL on select gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Results from an end-point in vitro assay showed that PL did not support bacterial growth, and in fact significantly reduced bacterial content compared to normal growth media. An in vitro assay was then utilized to further determine the effects on bacterial growth dynamics and showed that all strains exhibited a slower growth rate and lower yield in the presence of PL. The specific effects of PL were unique for each bacterial strain: E. coli and P. aeruginosa growth was affected in a concentration-dependent manner, such that higher amounts of PL had a greater effect, while this was not true for S. aureus or E. faecalis. Furthermore, the onset of exponential growth was delayed for E. coli and P. aeruginosa in the presence of PL, which has significant clinical implications for developing a dosing schedule. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the potential value of PL as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that would offer an alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infection in equine species.

scholarly journals Tomato roots secrete tomatine to modulate the bacterial assemblage of the rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Nakayasu ◽  
Kohei Ohno ◽  
Kyoko Takamatsu ◽  
Yuichi Aoki ◽  
Shinichi Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Assemblage ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Abstract Saponins are the group of plant specialized metabolites which are widely distributed in angiosperm plants and have various biological activities. The present study focused on α-tomatine, a major saponin present in tissues of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. α-Tomatine is responsible for defense against plant pathogens and herbivores, but its biological function in the rhizosphere remains unknown. Secretion of tomatine was higher at the early growth than the green-fruit stage in hydroponically grown plants, and the concentration of tomatine in the rhizosphere of field-grown plants was higher than that of the bulk soil at all growth stages. The effects of tomatine and its aglycone tomatidine on the bacterial communities in the soil were evaluated in vitro, revealing that both compounds influenced the microbiome in a concentration-dependent manner. Numerous bacterial families were influenced in tomatine/tomatidine-treated soil as well as in the tomato rhizosphere. Sphingomonadaceae species, which are commonly observed and enriched in tomato rhizospheres in the fields, were also enriched in tomatine- and tomatidine-treated soils. Moreover, a jasmonate-responsive ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 4 mutant associated with low tomatine production caused the root-associated bacterial communities to change with a reduced abundance of Sphingomonadaceae. Taken together, our results highlight the role of tomatine in shaping the bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and suggest additional functions of tomatine in belowground biological communication.

scholarly journals Dimercaptosuccinic acid in combination with carbapenems against isogenic strains of Escherichia coli producing or not producing a metallo-β-lactamase in vitro and in murine peritonitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3593-3600 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cheminet ◽  
V de Lastours ◽  
L Poirel ◽  
F Chau ◽  
K Peoc’h ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Isogenic Strains

Abstract Background Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales represent a major therapeutic challenge. MBLs, requiring zinc at their catalytic site, could be inhibited by meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a heavy metal chelator already widely used for treating lead intoxication. Objectives To evaluate the activity of carbapenems alone or combined with DMSA against MBL-producing Escherichia coli in a severe murine peritonitis model. Methods Isogenic strains of wild-type E. coli CFT073 producing the MBLs NDM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1, and the control serine carbapenemases OXA-48 and KPC-3 were constructed. MIC determinations and time–kill assays were performed for imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem alone or in combination with DMSA. Infected mice were treated intraperitoneally for 24 h with imipenem, DMSA or their combination. Bacterial counts in peritoneal fluid and spleen were assessed at 24 h. Results DMSA in combination with each carbapenem caused a significant decrease in the MICs for all MBL-producing strains, in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not provide benefit against non-MBL strains. In mice infected with the NDM-1-producing strain, the combination of imipenem and DMSA significantly reduced bacterial counts in peritoneal fluid (P = 0.0006) and spleen (P &lt; 0.0001), as compared with imipenem alone, with no benefit against the KPC-3-producing and CFT073 strains. DMSA concentrations in plasma of mice were comparable to those obtained in humans with a standard oral dose. Conclusions DMSA restores the activity of carbapenems against MBL-producing strains, and its combination with carbapenems appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of NDM-producing E. coli infections.

Use of [1-14C]oleate labelled autoclaved Escherichia coli as a membranous substrate for measurement of in vitro phospholipase D activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Ghosh ◽  
Richard C. Franson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Phospholipase A ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Streptomyces Chromofuscus ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Autoclaved Escherichia coli labelled with [1-14C]oleate in the 2-acyl position have been used extensively to measure phospholipase A2 activity in vitro. The present study demonstrates that this membranous substrate is also useful for the measurement of in vitro phospholipase D activity. Phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus catalyzed the hydrolysis of [1-14C]oleate labelled, autoclaved E. coli optimally at pH 7.0–8.0 to generate [14C]phosphatidic acid in the presence of 5 mM added Ca2+. Other divalent cations would not substitute for Ca2+. Activity was linear with time and protein up to 30% of the hydrolysis of substrate. Phospholipase D activity was stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of Triton X-100. The activity was increased 5.5-fold with 0.05% Triton, a concentration that totally inhibited hydrolysis of E. coli by human synovial fluid phospholipase A2. Accumulation of [14C]diglyceride was observed after 10 min of incubation. This accumulation was inhibited by NaF (IC50 = 18 μM) or propanolol (IC50 = 180 μM) suggesting the S. chromofuscus phospholipase D was contaminated with phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. Phosphatidic acid released by the action of cabbage phospholipase D was converted to phosphatidylethanol in an ethanol concentration dependent manner. These results demonstrate that [1-14C]oleate labelled, autoclaved E. coli can be used to measure phospholipase D activity by monitoring accumulation of either [14C]phosphatidic acid or [14C]phosphatidylethanol.Key words: Escherichia coli, substrate, phospholipase D, Streptomyces chromofuscus, sodium fluoride, propranolol.

scholarly journals Inhibition of glycoprotein oligosaccharide processing in vitro and in influenza-virus-infected cells by α-d-mannopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W McDowell ◽  
A Tlusty ◽  
R Rott ◽  
J N BeMiller ◽  
J A Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Oligosaccharide Processing ◽  
Viral Glycoproteins ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Infected Cells

The effects of alpha-D-mannopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene (MMNT) on mannosidases involved in asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing were investigated. MMNT was found to inhibit the activity of rat liver Golgi alpha-mannosidase I in a concentration-dependent manner (50% inhibition with 0.18 mM-MMNT), whereas rat liver endoplasmic-reticulum alpha-mannosidase appeared to be resistant (less than 5% inhibition at 1 mM-MMNT). Jack-bean alpha-mannosidase was also sensitive to inhibition by MMNT (50% inhibition with 0.32 mM-MMNT). Treatment of influenza-virus-infected chick-embryo cells with 1 mM-MMNT led to a decrease in the formation of complex-type asparagine-linked oligosaccharides and an accumulation of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides with the composition Man8(GlcNAc)2 and Man7(GlcNAc)2 on the viral glycoproteins. The biological activities of influenza-virus haemagglutinin and neuraminidase synthesized in the presence of 1 mM-MMNT remained unchanged, but the virus was less infectious than the control.

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