scholarly journals РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВИВЧЕННЯ МІКРОБНОГО СПЕКТРУ У ДІТЕЙ З РОЗЛАДАМИ СПЕКТРУ АУТИЗМУ, АСОЦІЙОВАНИМИ З ГЕНЕТИЧНИМ ДЕФІЦИТОМ ФОЛАТНОГО ЦИКЛУ

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Дмитро Мальцев
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Hsv 1

Обґрунтування. Результати п’яти мета-аналізів рандомізованих контрольованих клінічних досліджень свідчать про асоціацію генетичного дефіциту фолатного циклу (ГДФЦ) і розладів спектру аутизму (РАС) у дітей. В таких випадках формується імунодефіцит та імунна дисрегуляція, що знижує резистентність до деяких мікроорганізмів.Мета дослідження: вивчити структуру мікробного спектру у дітей з РАС, пов’язаними з ГДФЦ, згідно з накопиченою дотепер доказовою базою і вивчити асоціацію виявлених мікроорганізмів з показниками імунного статусу для покращення розуміння патогенезу енцефалопатії та удосконалення алгоритмів діагностики, моніторингу і лікування.Матеріали і методи. Ретроспективно проаналізовано медичні дані 225 дітей віком від 2 до 9 років з ГДФЦ, у яких відзначалися клінічні прояви за типом РАС (досліджувана група; ДГ; 183 хлопчиків і 42 дівчинки). До контрольної групи (КГ) віднесли 51 клінічно здорову дитину (37 хлопчиків та 14 дівчаток) аналогічного вікового розподілу, які не страждали на ГДФЦ. Спеціальне лабораторне обстеження дітей груп спостереження проводили з урахуванням сучасних уявлень щодо мікробного спектру у пацієнтів з РАС згідно з публікаціями в PubMed і Embase. Для вивчення асоціацій між досліджуваними показниками застосовували показник відношення шансів (odds ratio, OR) та 95% довірчий інтервал (95% СІ). Дослідження виконувалося як фрагмент науково-дослідної роботи на замовлення МОЗ України (№ держреєстрації 0121U107940).Результати та їх обговорення. TTV відзначався в 87%, HHV-7 – 79%, HHV-6 – 68%, EBV – 59%, Streptococcus pyogenes – 46%, Candida albicans – 41%, Borrelia – 34%, Mycoplasma pneumoniae – 27%, Chlamydia pneumoniae – 26%, Yersinia enterocolitica – 23%, Toxoplasma gondii – 19%, перенесена природжена CMV нейроінфекція – 7%, наслідки HSV-1/2-нейро-інфекції – 5% випадків в ДГ (р<0,05; Z<Z0,05). HHV-6, HHV-7 та EBV були асоційовані з дефіцитами NK-, NKT- та СD8+ цитотоксичних Т-лімфоцитів. ТТV також був асоційований з дефіцитами NK- та NKT-лімфоцитів, однак не з дефіцитом СD8+ цитотоксичних Т-клітин. Стрептококова інфекція була пов’язана з гіпо- і дисімуноглобулінемією, а також – дефіцитом мієлопероксидази. Кандидоз був асоційований тільки з дефіцитом мієлопероксидази. Токсоплазмоз відзначався при дефіциті СD4+ Т-хелперів та комбінованих порушеннях імунітету. Наслідки природженої CMV-нейроінфекції мали місце тільки при комбінованих порушеннях імунітету. Висновки. Для дітей з РАС, асоційованими з ГДФЦ, характерним є специфічний мікробний спектр з переважанням інтрацелюлярних опортуністичних та умовно патогенних мікроорганізмів, який визначається особливостями порушень в імунному статусі, спровокованих ГДФЦ, що має визначати алгоритм раціонального мікробіологічногопошуку, оцінки імунного статусу, проведення антимікробного та імунотропного лікування.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Sakai ◽  
Wataru Matsumiya ◽  
Sentaro Kusuhara ◽  
Makoto Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Analysis ◽  
Systemic Antifungal Therapy

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the factors associated with the development of ocular candidiasis (OC) and ocular prognosis with echinocandin therapy for candidemia. Methods The medical records of 56 consecutive patients with a positive blood culture for Candida species between November 2016 and October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Information on patient characteristics, isolated Candida species, treatment details for candidemia, and ocular findings were extracted to identify factors associated with OC development. Results The leading pathogen of candidemia was Candida albicans (C.albicans) (41.1%). Of 56 patients, 18 (32.1%) were diagnosed with chorioretinitis, categorized as either probable (8 patients) or possible OC (10 patients). There was no case of endophthalmitis with vitritis. The incidence of probable OC was not significantly different between the groups treated with echinocandins and other antifungal drugs (15.2% vs. 11.1%, p = 1.00). In all probable OC cases, systemic antifungal therapy was switched from echinocandins to azoles, and no case progressed to endophthalmitis. A multivariate logistic analysis revealed that female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–72.9) and C. albicans (aOR, 23.6; 95% CI, 1.8–281) were independent factors associated with the development of probable OC. Conclusion One-seventh of patients with candidemia developed probable OC. Given the evidence of female and C. albicans as the factors associated with OC development, careful ophthalmologic management is required with these factors, especially in candidemia. Although echinocandins had no correlation with OC development and did not lead to the deterioration of ocular prognosis, further investigation is required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Xinyu Chi ◽  
Kexin Fang ◽  
Liza Koster ◽  
Jevan Christie ◽  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded species including humans. The definitive hosts of T. gondii are felid vertebrates including the domestic cat. Domestic cats shed oocysts for approximately two weeks in their feces after the primary infection. It has been shown that feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) positive cats have a higher prevalence of and a higher titer of antibodies to T. gondii than those of FIV-negative cats. The main purposes of this study were to determine FIV prevalence and to investigate the oocysts shedding in FIV-positive and FIV-negative feral cats on St. Kitts. Fecal samples were collected from feral cats while their FIV statues were determined using a commercial SNAP kit. Total fecal DNA of each cat was tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) consistently detecting one genome equivalent. A FIV-positive status was detected in 18 of 105 (17.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.9%−24.3%) feral cats sampled. Furthermore, males were three times more likely to be FIV positive than females (p = 0.017) with an odds ratio of 3.93 (95% CI: 1.20–12.89). Adults were found to have at least twice the prevalence of FIV compared to cats younger than one year of age (p = 0.056) with an odds ratio of 3.07 (95% CI: 0.94–10.00). Toxoplasma gondii DNA was not detected in the feces of any of the 18 FIV-positive (95% CI: 0%−0.18%) and 87 FIV-negative cats (95% CI: 0%−0.04%). A follow-up study with a much bigger sample size is needed to prove or disprove the hypothesis that FIV-positive cats have a higher prevalence of shedding T. gondii oocysts than FIV-negative cats.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation and Bacterial Etiology of Adult Community Acquired Pneumonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Robed Amin ◽  
Quazi Tarikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Pneumonia is a worldwide, serious threat to health and an enormous socio-economic burden for health care system. According to recent WHO data, each year 3-4 million patients die from pneumonia. The clinical presentations and bacterial agents responsible for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) varies according to geography and culture.Methods: A cross sectional observational study conducted among the 53 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of CAP in admitted patient in the department of Medicine, DMCH, during January 2010 to December 2010. Hematological measurements (TC of WBC, Hb%, ESR, platelet count), blood culture, chest X-ray P/A view, sputum for Gram staining and culture sensitivity, sputum for AFB, blood urea and random blood sugar were done in all cases. ELISA for IgM antibody of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were done in sputum culture negative cases.Results: The mean (±SD) age was 38.9±17.3 years and Male female ratio was 3:1. Fever, chest pain and productive cough were the most common clinical features. The mean (±SD) respiratory rate was 23.0±2.8 /minute . COPD and DM were found in 17.0% and 5.7% of patients respectively . Blood culture was found positive in only 1.9% of the study patients. Gram positive Cocci 62.26%, Gram negative Bacilli 9.43%, mixed Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli 11.32% and Gram negative Cocco Bacilli 1.9% were observed and in 15.03 % cases, no bacteria could be seen. Sputum culture revealed 53.8% streptococcus pneumoniae, 26.9% Klebsiella pneumonia as predominant organism. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were found in 7.4% and 3.7% respectively by serological test. For Streptococcus pneumoniae, sensitive antibiotics were Amoxyclav and Levofloxacin. For Gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli, more sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem, Ceftriaxone, and Clarithromycin. The best sensitive drug were found meropenem. The mean (±SD) duration of hospital stay was 5.0±1.7 days with ranging from 3 to 10 days.Conclusion: Region based bacteroiological diagnosis of Cap is important for selecting the best and sensitive drugs for complete cure.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 128-134

scholarly journals Chlamydia pneumoniae infection-associated erythema multiforme

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsaku Imashuku ◽  
Naoko Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Erythema Multiforme ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
The Past

There is a well-known correlation between <em>Herpes simplex</em> (HSV) infection and erythema multiforme (EM). More recently, in Japan, it was found that <em>Chlamydia pneumoniae </em>(Cp) may promote the development of EM. All cases of Cp infection-associated EM that had been diagnosed in our clinic over the past two years (from 2011 to 2012) were analyzed. Cp infection was diagnosed on the basis of a significant increase (&gt;2.00) in anti-Cp IgM titers, as measured by the HITAZYME-ELISA test. There were 7 cases of Cp-EM, one male and 6 females. Median age was 13 years (range 3-29 years). It is recommended that the possible involvement of Cp infection, besides HSV or <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> infections, should be considered in all cases of EM.

scholarly journals VARIATIONS IN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI OF DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratibha ◽  
Nesari Tanuja ◽  
Ghildiyal Shivani ◽  
Vandhana
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Geographical Locations

The emergence of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of new strains of disease causing agents, are of highly concern to the global health community. Plants are potential source of antimicrobial agents. They have been used traditionally for prevention of infections caused by micro-organisms. Description of Krimighana herbs enumerated in Ayurveda classics is suggestive towards the importance of this group of medicine. Jambu (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) is a member of Myrtaceae family. In Raja Nighantu it is mentioned that plant Jambu is having Kriminashaka property. It has been widely used medicine in the prevention of various ailments like cough, Dysentary, Diabetes, inflammation and ringworm. It is well established fact that geographical variations effects the potential and activity of medicinal herbs. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate Syzygium cumini procured from different geographical locations including Delhi, Rajasthan and Maharashtra for their potential activity against human infections caused by pathogens. Method The aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini of all the three areas was prepared. The activity of the plant extract was evaluated against nine bacterial pathogens and one fungal strain, which include Staphyllococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans. The activity was carried out using Disk diffusion method. Result and Conclusion: All samples of Syzygium cumini showed potential antimicrobial activity against four pathogens including Staphyllococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. MIC was also evaluated against the tested pathogenic strains. The sample from Maharashtra showed MIC i.e. 80µg, 40µg, 80µg against Staphyllococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida albicans respectively which is less as compare to sample from Rajasthan and Delhi. Region wise sample from Maharashtra showed good ZOI and MIC.

scholarly journals Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum seropositivity in buffaloes in Paraiba State, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil ◽  
Roberta Nunes Parentoni ◽  
Thais Ferreira Feitosa ◽  
Camila de Sousa Bezerra ◽  
Vinicius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract The aims of this survey were to determine the frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity among buffaloes in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. This survey included 136 buffaloes belonging to 14 herds. To detect anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used. Among the 136 samples analyzed, 17 (12.5%) were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies with titers ranging from 64 to 1,024, and 26 (19.1%) for anti-N. caninum with titers from 200 to 1,600. Animals seropositive for both T. gondii and N. caninum were found in 10 of the 14 herds (71.4%). Semi-intensive management systems (odds ratio = 2.99) and presence of pigs (odds ratio = 4.33) were identified as risk factors for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. It can be suggested that T. gondii and N. caninum are widespread in buffaloes in Paraíba, and that additional surveys are needed in order to ascertain the importance of these agents for this species and for pigs, and the influence of the farming type on occurrences of seropositive animals.

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