Is the Acidic pH of the External Auditory Canal Playing a Significant Role in the Treatment of Acute Otitis Externa?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2304-2305
Author(s):  
Oana Ruxandra Iana ◽  
Dragos Cristian Stefanescu ◽  
Viorel Zainea ◽  
Razvan Hainarosie
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The World ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Value Changes

Variable pH values for skin have been reported in the literature, all within the acidic range, varying from 4.0 up to 7. 0. The origin of the acidic pH remains conjectural, and several factors have been incriminated with this role, such as eccrine and sebaceous secretions as well as proton pumps. Keeping low levels of pH prevents microbial dispersal as well as multiplication. The skin in the external auditory canal is also covered with this acidic mantle with antimicrobial value. Changes of pH in the external ear can lead to acute otitis externa. This condition is defined by the inflammation and infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues of the external auditory canal. 10% of the world�s population may suffer from acute otitis externa at least once in their lifetime. This paper aims to consolidate the relevance of an acidic pH in the healthy external ear and its relation to the pathogenesis and treatment of otitis externa through a prospective and interventional clinical study on 80 patients who presented to the outpatient department at Prof. Dr D. Hociota ENT Institute in Buch

scholarly journals Features of external auditory canal anatomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
I. A. Anikin ◽  
◽  
S. A. Eremin ◽  
A. E. Shinkareva ◽  
S. I. Sitnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Sound Wave ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Relationship

The external auditory canal is not only a part of the external ear, but also an integral part of the human auditory system, which conducts and amplifies the sound wave. In the field of otosurgery, it is often the priority access to the tympanic cavity, and therefore it is necessary to clearly understand the features of its anatomy. The dimensions and anatomy of the external auditory canal are extremely variable: the length is 2–3,5 cm, the diameter ranges from 5-9 mm, it is somewhat curved in the horizontal and frontal planes and consists of a membranous cartilaginous part and a bony part, between which there is the most the bottleneck – the isthmus. The ear canal is covered with skin, the thickness and structure of which depends on the section of the ear canal. The membranous cartilaginous section contains sebaceous and sulfur glands. Studies identify several forms of the bony part of the ear canal: conical, hourglass-shaped, ovoid, reverse conical, and cylindrical. The endoscopic scale (CES) for the visibility of the tympanic membrane was also proposed for the convenience of assessment. It has been suggested that the shape of the external auditory canal is an etiological factor in chronic otitis externa. Unambiguous interpretations of the relationship between ear diseases and the shape of the external auditory canal have not yet been obtained, but modern developments tend to consider its importance in the development of ear diseases. Clinical observations show that certain anatomical forms of it may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, since they interfere with proper self-cleaning.

External auditory canal paraganglioma: an atypical presentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (12) ◽  
pp. 1278-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Grover ◽  
F Amen ◽  
A Gallimore ◽  
G Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
Superior Portion ◽  
Tomography Scan

AbstractObjective:We present the first published description of a painful paraganglioma of the external auditory canal. Atypical histopathology made the diagnosis difficult. We discuss the potential pitfalls of clinical diagnosis and treatment of such a case.Clinical presentation:A 49-year-old woman presented with left-sided otalgia, hearing loss and tinnitus. Physical examination revealed a firm swelling arising from the superior portion of the left external auditory canal. A clinical diagnosis of otitis externa was made.Intervention:There was minimal response to medical treatment. The swelling was aspirated, leading to brisk bleeding. A tumour was suspected from the computed tomography scan, and confirmed by a biopsy. The patient underwent excision of the paraganglioma. The histopathology was atypical, making diagnosis difficult.Conclusion:Such unusual masses of the external ear should always be borne in mind, especially when dealing with atypical presentations of commonly encountered diseases. Clinicians should have a low threshold for early intervention with imaging and biopsy.

The Difference of External Auditory Canal pH in 3 Groups of Otitis Externa

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Hong Jun Kim ◽  
Kyung Jin Roh ◽  
Ki Hoon Choi ◽  
Seung Hwan Noh ◽  
Joo Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
The Difference

Population Genetics ofCaenorhabditis elegans: The Paradox of Low Polymorphism in a Widespread Species

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Sivasundar ◽  
Jody Hey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Model Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans has become one of the most widely used model research organisms, yet we have little information on evolutionary processes and recent evolutionary history of this widespread species. We examined patterns of variation at 20 microsatellite loci in a sample of 23 natural isolates of C. elegans from various parts of the world. One-half of the loci were monomorphic among all strains, and overall genetic variation at microsatellite loci was low, relative to most other species. Some population structure was detected, but there was no association between the genetic and geographic distances among different natural isolates. Thus, despite the nearly worldwide occurrence of C. elegans, little evidence was found for local adaptation in strains derived from different parts of the world. The low levels of genetic variation within and among populations suggest that recent colonization and population expansion might have occurred. However, the patterns of variation are not consistent with population expansion. A possible explanation for the observed patterns is the action of background selection to reduce polymorphism, coupled with ongoing gene flow among populations worldwide.

Does context matter? Examining robbery reporting in a high crime country

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110313
Author(s):  
Wilson Hernández ◽  
Katrina R Heimark
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
The World ◽  
Victimization Rate ◽  
Global North ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Crime

Most empirical studies that examine why individuals report property crimes to the police have focused on Global North countries where crime rates are low. This study is situated in the most violent area of the world, Latin America, and examines Peru, which has the highest robbery victimization rate in the Americas. This article examines the applicability of theories of crime reporting in this Global South context using a large sample and multilevel modeling. We find that trust in the police has no impact on the reporting of the robbery of one’s cellphone, purse or wallet. The theories of rational choice and Black’s stratification of law provide strong explanations for the reporting of robbery of these personal items. Individuals of higher social status and those who reside in districts with low levels of social disadvantage are more likely to report, as well as those who have experienced violent victimization.

Prevalence of external ear disorders in Belgian stray cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouck Bollez ◽  
Hilde de Rooster ◽  
Alessandra Furcas ◽  
Sophie Vandenabeele
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Malassezia Species ◽  
External Ear Canal ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ocular Discharge

Objectives Feline otitis externa is a multifactorial dermatological disorder about which very little is known. The objective of this study was to map the prevalence of external ear canal disorders and the pathogens causing otitis externa in stray cats roaming around the region of Ghent, Belgium. Methods One hundred and thirty stray cats were randomly selected during a local trap–neuter–return programme. All cats were European Shorthairs. This study included clinical, otoscopic and cytological evaluation of both external ears of each cat. Prospective data used as parameters in this study included the sex, age and body condition score of each cat, as well as the presence of nasal and/or ocular discharge, and the results of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) Snap tests. Results Remarkably, very few (sub)clinical problems of the external ear canal were found in the stray cat population. Malassezia species was by far the most common organism found in the external ear canals of the 130 stray cats. A total of 96/130 (74%) cats were found to have Malassezia species organisms present in one or both ears based on the cytological examination. No correlation was found between the parameters of sex, age, body condition score, the presence of nasal and/or ocular discharge and FIV and FeLV status, and the presence of parasites, bacteria or yeasts. Conclusions and relevance This study provides more information about the normal state of the external ear canal of stray cats. The ears of most stray cats are relatively healthy. The presence of Malassezia species organisms in the external ear canal is not rare among stray cats.

scholarly journals In Vitro Incorporation of Helicobacter pylori into Candida albicans Caused by Acidic pH Stress

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Sánchez-Alonzo ◽  
Cristian Parra-Sepúlveda ◽  
Samuel Vega ◽  
Humberto Bernasconi ◽  
Víctor L. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
H Pylori

Yeasts can adapt to a wide range of pH fluctuations (2 to 10), while Helicobacter pylori, a facultative intracellular bacterium, can adapt to a range from pH 6 to 8. This work analyzed if H. pylori J99 can protect itself from acidic pH by entering into Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Growth curves were determined for H. pylori and C. albicans at pH 3, 4, and 7. Both microorganisms were co-incubated at the same pH values, and the presence of intra-yeast bacteria was evaluated. Intra-yeast bacteria-like bodies were detected using wet mounting, and intra-yeast binding of anti-H. pylori antibodies was detected using immunofluorescence. The presence of the H. pylori rDNA 16S gene in total DNA from yeasts was demonstrated after PCR amplification. H. pylori showed larger death percentages at pH 3 and 4 than at pH 7. On the contrary, the viability of the yeast was not affected by any of the pHs evaluated. H. pylori entered into C. albicans at all the pH values assayed but to a greater extent at unfavorable pH values (pH 3 or 4, p = 0.014 and p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, it is possible to suggest that H. pylori can shelter itself within C. albicans under unfavorable pH conditions.

Prevalence of external auditory canal exostoses in Australian surfboard riders

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hurst ◽  
Michael Bailey ◽  
Benjamin Hurst
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
External Ear Canal ◽  
Rate Of Growth

This paper assessed 300 surfboard riders, comprising 229 males and 71 females to determine the prevalence and rate of growth of exostoses in this population. A group of cold water swimmers and a control group were also examined. Significant obstruction, defined as two thirds or more occlusion of the ear canal was noted in 90 of the male surfers and 10 female surfers. This degree of occlusion was found in seven of the 32 cold water swimmers. A male surfer who has surfed regularly for 20 years or more has a one in two chance of developing significant obstruction of the external ear canal resulting from exostoses and this is a three in seven chance for females.

The proteoglycan region of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform IX acts as anintrinsic buffer optimizing CO2 hydration at acidic pH values characteristic of solid tumors

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 5825-5828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Innocenti ◽  
Silvia Pastorekova ◽  
Jaromir Pastorek ◽  
Andrea Scozzafava ◽  
Giuseppina De Simone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Ph Values

Otitis externa: the role of the veterinary nurse

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Sue Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
External Ear Canal ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon

Otitis externa is a common problem in primary care veterinary practice. While the diagnosis and treatment of disease is the responsibility of the attending veterinary surgeon, the veterinary nurse, as an integral part of the veterinary surgeon-led team, plays an important role in the investigation and management of disease. Veterinary nurses are more than capable of assessing the external ear canal both macroscopically and cytologically to help the veterinary surgeon to make a diagnosis. Client facing nurse communications can help with the administration of therapy, provide owner support during treatment to increase compliance and help with follow-up assessments.

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