scholarly journals A Medium-term Analysis of Wastewater from an Agricultural Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1664-1666
Author(s):  
Carmelia Mariana Dragomir Balanica ◽  
Aurel Gabriel Simionescu ◽  
Camelia Lacramioara Popa ◽  
Cezar-Ionut Bichescu ◽  
Cristian Muntenita

Nitrate is ordinarily found within the ecosystem, as part of the nitrogen cycle. The anthropogenic inputs have highly increased nitrate loads into ground and surface waters. All these factors have had a drastic impact on aquatic environment, human health and flora and fauna. Hence, the identification of nitrate sources is valuable in conserving water quality and achieving sustainability of the water resources. The present paper aims to present a clearly image of water pollution in South and South Est part of Romania. The dataset for ammonium (NH4+), total nitrogen (Ntot) and nitrite (NO2-) was collected from 2013 -2017.

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Seppo E. Mustonen

Finland's water resources are abundant and can be considered adequate to meet needs except in some coastal areas. This abundance was previously considered so obvious that water resources were used carelessly, without a thought to the harmful changes in water quality caused by the reckless use of lakes e.g. for discharging waste waters. In the late 1950's people finally perceived the rapid deterioration of Finland's beautiful lakes. An administration for water pollution control was established and a new Water Act was passed at the beginning of the 1960's. Since then the fight for clean waters has continued with varying success. What is the state of Finnish surface waters now, and what are the prospects for the future?


Author(s):  
I. Yezlovetska ◽  
◽  
M. Ladyka ◽  
A. Doroshenko ◽  
◽  
...  

The problem of environmental safety of water bodies is relevant today, especially for the basins of small and medium-sized rivers, which are clear indicators of the environment state. One of them is the Trubizh River. The water resources of this river are formed under the anthropogenically changed conditions of the drainage and humidification complex of the Trubizh reclamation system. These resources are also receivers of effluents from point and diffuse sources. Thus, there is a need for constant monitoring of the ecological condition of the river. The water quality of it is a consequence of anthropogenic activities in the watershed. The aim of the work is a comprehensive assessment of the Trubizh River ecological condition under the modern conditions of water quality formation. The analysis has been conducted using official data from the state monitoring of water quality for 2015-2019 years and our own research for 2015-2016 years. 7 observation points have been considered from souse to mouth of the river: border areas of Brovary and Baryshivka; Baryshivka – 1 km above and 0.9 km below the village, Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky – 0.5 km above and 1 km below the town, the mouth of the Alta and Trubizh rivers). We used such methods as analytical (determination of water quality indicators according to generally accepted standardized methods); analysis, systematization and generalization of the monitoring database; method of calculation of integrated block indices and complex ecological index of water quality (IE). It is established that during the five-year period (2015-2019) according to the weighted average and the worst values of the complex ecological index (IEworst 4.2) the waters are characterized as "satisfactory", "slightly polluted" of the III class quality 4 category. In 2018 and 2019 years, there was a deterioration in water quality by one category (III quality class 5 category) - "mediocre", "moderately polluted" water. This is due to a set of conditions of natural and climatic (insufficient rainfall and rising air temperature) and anthropogenic nature (water pollution, unauthorized surface water abstraction, runoff obstruction, etc.). It is noted that Trubizh river is characterized by stable uniform spatial water pollution. The largest values of IE are recorded in the area of influence of the village Baryshivka (IE worst 3.7-3.8) and Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi in the sampling points: the Alta river mouth (IEworst 4.0) and the Trubizh river mouth (IEworst 3.7). The water quality in these sampling points corresponded to class III of category 4 and was generally characterized as "satisfactory", "polluted". In general, the deterioration of water quality is caused by organic pollution (according to the indicator of dichromate oxidation (IV class, 6 category), BOD5 (Biochemical oxygen demand) (III class, 5 category), nitrogen compounds (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate) – V class, 7 category) and phosphorus compounds (phosphate ions – III class, 5 category), total iron and general chromium – III class, 5 category, phenols and SSAS (synthetic surfactants active substances) – IV class, 6 category. Thus, one of the main reasons for the degradation of the river is the anthropogenic conditionality of its development as a result of the urbanized and agricultural areas impact. The obtained data open the prospect of continuing work on monitoring and assessing the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems of the Trubizh River for the further development of scientifically based recommendations. It is necessary for making management decisions for sustainable use and protection of surface waters and restoration of aquatic ecosystems of Trubizh River Basin.


1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Yvon Raak

The Artois-Picardie Water Basin is one of the six french water basins whose limits were defined by the 1964 Law on Water. The Water Basin Agency is a public body created to fight against water pollution and to manage water resources; it collects fees from those who pollute and from those who use ground and surface waters and the funds collected are redistributed to industries and local communities that construct sewage networks and purification plants. Thanks to the financial and technical attack launched by the Agency, good results have been achieved. In the field of industry, organic pollution discharged has been reduced to a third with considerable success in several sectors: discharged pollution reduced by 80% in vegetable canning; by 70% in paper plants; by 85% in sugar plants; by 75% in wool-washing plants. The percentage of eliminated pollution coming from communities has progressed from 15% to 35%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Falih Hasan Abdulhussein Al-Fradi ◽  
◽  
Yulia A. Smyatskaya ◽  
Natalia A. Politaeva ◽  
◽  
...  

The main sources of water supply for the Iraq industries and settlements are water resources of Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The settlements, agriculture and industry facilities, primary located along the banks of the main rivers and their tributaries, together negatively influence the surface waters of the region. The search for sources for water supply is a serious problem due to the high pollution of water in settlements, the growing problem of desertification in the region, the reduction of water volumes in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers due to the construction of dams. A major threat to surface water quality is emergency and unauthorized industrial and domestic discharges, which can be extremely dangerous for water sources. Traditional water treatment technologies are ineffective and do not provide reliable drinking water quality for the population. The water system of the Tigris rivers in Baghdad is characterized by a high content of dissolved substances, sulfates, calcium, some metals (Pb, Cd, Hg), bacteriological indicators. Significant pollution is observed in the Euphrates River, for such parameters as turbidity, suspended and dissolved substances, BOD, sodium, calcium, sodium chloride. Heavy metal pollution is noted in some sections of the river near Hill. The objective of this study was to examine and analyze the geoecological condition of water resources of Iraq as the essential source of water supply for the country. The information was gathered from literature, Internet and own research. The study showed that the water resources of all river systems in Iraq were polluted by some physicochemical parameters which do not satisfy to the Iraq standards.


Author(s):  
D. Voityshynа ◽  

Introduction .With a significant number of water bodies in Ukraine (only 2,000 small rivers), the descriptive characteristics of the ecological situation occupy a significant amount, which requires unification and encryption. Dr.Ph. Klymenko M.O, Dr. Ph. Gryb J.V. made the unification of research materials by blocks: type of basin-morphometric of the catchment surface, floodplains and riverbeds - quality of the aquatic environment - production characteristics - socio-demographic - block of economic analysis of profitability in river basins and cluster costs analysis of the state of the components of the ecosystem and assessment of the basin as a whole. The study of individual elements of the water basin (composition and quality of the aquatic environment, the state of the catchment surface, ichthyofauna, forage base of aboriginal ichthyofauna, the impact of economic activity) provides some information. There is a significant array of surface water monitoring data (hydrochemistry, ecology, hydrobiology, ichthyology, etc.), attributed to the middle and end of the twentieth century. Here it should be noted the works of Kononenko G.D., Gryb J.V., Alekseevsky V.E, Baranovsky V.A, Klymenko M.O, Tsvetova O.V, Sondaka V.V, Chernyavskaya A. P., Zhukinsky V.N and others. They established the regional features of the chemical regime of surface waters, developed a methodology for assessing the quality of surface waters and the state of transformation of the catchment surface, the peculiarities of the formation of crisis situations. Dr.Ph. Gryb J.V. researches of a chemical mode of surface waters on phases of a hydrological mode for the period from 1970 to 2000 are carried out. Kononenko G.D. conducted mapping of the territory of Ukraine by the main ions of the mineral composition of water. The State Institute of Eastern and Northern Europe (Germany) together with the Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on the basis of applied research of Ukrainian scientists: Rudenko L.G., Chernyavska A.P., Gryb J.V. with the participation of scientists G. Friedline, G.A. Vernichenko, T.P .Balashova, I.P. Semenova conducted a study of the state of rivers in Ukraine and drew up a map of water quality and suitability for use (1995). A map of soils of Ukraine, stock-forming and underlying rocks was also issued. Purpose . Among the important scientific results of the study is the need for unification and unification of river basins. Methodology According to the EU framework directive, the river basin and its elements are accepted as a unit of spatial research of water bodies: channel, floodplain, accessory network (number of intermediate ecotones). These include the following elements of the basin: first-order currents, second-order tributaries, floodplain. Old villages, floodplain lakes, swamps, meadows, springs, as well as subsystems of the catchment area: forest, water mirror, plowed and barren lands, urban areas and infrastructure. Assessment of the condition is carried out on three levels: good, satisfactory, bad. Collectively, the water basin is accepted as a biome that shapes the quality of surface waters, their productivity, diversity of flora and fauna. The hydrographic network itself forms the landscape and connects its elements through hydro-ecological corridors - river systems. The following mathematical dependences are used in the creation of the bio-skeleton framework of the water basin, with the increase of the values of the characteristics the value of the golden root r1 is 1.68 with the decrease of r2 - 0.68. In the pentosystem series of characteristics (classes) the numbers of phyto-swings for biological processes 1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55 are used. Results. An example of encryption of field research materials of the Lviv River (a tributary of the first order of the Pryt River) is presented in formula (1) АП; R1; Z3; Z42; E1; L; Ie; b5 5; R3; Ke5; St 3,0. (1) Plain part of Ukraine, Western Polissya region, Dnieper river basin, main canal, regulated, one intermediate Eco tone (channel reservoir), water is weakly mineralized, channel is straight , water quality class one, fish productivity is weak, the state of the basin is over drying, stability is low (low water, segmentation of the channel by locks, protective sand from unaligned slopes of the shore). Similarly, other blocks can be coded. In the perspective owe will obtain the results of the correlation with the conclusions of other scientists, in particular Klymenko M.O., Gryba J.V. and others. Thanks to encrypting the data by blocks of pool structure, we can unify the methods of research, facilitating the work of researchers and students. Conclusions 1. The economic and ecological framework of the water basin is one of the leading blocks for assessing the ecological situation. And the main indicator is the ecological and economic potential of the territory and the cost of the basin. 2. To assess the transformation of the state of the basin, reference values of the state of the enterprise are needed. 3. In assessing the situation, the final block is the economy and demographic situation - the cost of living and its duration.


1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Chen ◽  
I.-J. Hwang

Tatu Estuary is an ecological area where economical, cultural, leisure and academic research potentials are enormous. Recent researches indicated that the water quality of the upper streams remained at safety conditions. However, the water body of the downstream sections starting from the outfall of the Taiwan Chemical Fabric Company (TCFC) effluent has been seriously polluted. Due to the effect of tidal flow in this area of the river, it has been very difficult for the accumulated pollutants to dispel and the situation has reached a severe level. This study proposed that legislation should be established in order to reduce and to control the industrial wastes entering the river. To cope with the effort in environmental conservation, it is hoped that water resources of Tatu Chi (River) can be used more effectively.


2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Wang ◽  
Long Liu ◽  
Zhong Fu ◽  
Chun Long Zhao ◽  
Qing Chao Xing ◽  
...  

The diversity of macroinvertebrate in Sha River and Xiangshui River of Dongjiang (China) were investigated in June 2013. According to the index of biological diversity and integrity, the water quality was evaluated. It provided a reference for water pollution controlling and water resources protection.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Strokal ◽  
◽  
A. V. Kovpak ◽  

This review article aims to increase our understanding in the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of implementing the basin approach for water resources management in Ukraine. To this end, this article implements that SWOT analysis for discussing the transition from the administrative approach towards the basin approach. The SWOT analysis consists of the four main aspects: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weakness include strong and weak points of implementing the basin approach, respectively. Opportunities are windows for implementing actions to facilitate the basin approach and increase the effectiveness of this approach. Threats include risks for implementing the basin approach. In order to better understand opportunities, the main drivers and causes of water pollution are also discussed in the article. Results of the review show that climate change affects the availability of water resources strongly. Human activities namely the poultry production are important polluters of water resources. The article summarizes the correct water resources management approaches and proposes four main strategies for implementing the basin approach within the SWOT analysis. The first strategy deals with the successful transition from the administrative management towards the basin management of water resources. The second strategy deals with an increase in the access of the public to the water resources information including water quality. The third strategy deals with integrating the European Union water-related directives in the national environmental policies. The fourth strategy deals with reducing pollution levels in water systems through improved technologies. Next steps are to develop an integrated approach to account for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the four strategies. It is important to develop water indicators to facilitate an integrated assessment of water resources for different water uses while accounting for water quality. Future research can focus on future scenarios to project water quality under global change and to assess effects of the national policies on reducing future water pollution from urbanization and agricultural sectors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Meilian Zhao ◽  
Peixue Liu ◽  
Baohua Jiang ◽  
Yujie Chen

Abstract With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, water pollution is found everywhere, and the protection of water resources has attracted increasing attention. For a long time, drinking water pollution was measured manually, which is time-consuming and laborious. To effectively detect and evaluate drinking water pollution, a drinking water quality monitoring and evaluation system is designed. The system can perform real-time measurements of water temperature, conductivity, turbidity and other parameters. The measurement results can be displayed on an LCD screen and can be transmitted remotely. The system can be used to detect the contamination of drinking water resources, such as surface water and groundwater, and to judge whether the water quality is qualified according to the set threshold parameters. The test results demonstrate that the system can realize dynamic monitoring and evaluation of drinking water resources. In addition, the system can provide effective data for water resource environmental protection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10835
Author(s):  
Chong Meng ◽  
Siyang Zhou ◽  
Wei Li

Sustainable watershed development suffers from severe challenges, such as water pollution and water scarcity. Based on an analysis of water quality and water utilization in the Fenhe River Basin, an inexact two-stage stochastic programming model with downside-risk aversion was built for optimal water resource allocations for the four primary water use sectors (industry, domestic use, agriculture, and the environment) in the Fenhe River Basin. The model aims to maximize the comprehensive watershed benefits, including water benefits, water costs, water treatment costs, and downside risks. The constraints are water quality, available water resources, and sectoral demands in different hydrological scenarios. The results show that pollutant emissions decrease as risk-aversion levels increase and show the opposite trend in the midstream and downstream areas. The increase in water resource allocation for agriculture and reduction in ecological water indicate that agriculture suffered the greatest water shortage and risk. Improving water recycling and coordinating the transferred water resources increases the comprehensive benefits and reduces sectoral risks. The model effectively manages rational water allocations under dual constraints and provides support for coordinating socio-economic development and environmental protection in the river basin.


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