New Small Scale Equipment for Obtaining Dill and Cumin Essential Oils

Essential oils of natural origin are excellent raw materials for the food industry as well as the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this study, a new equipment, designed at small scale, which facilitates the yield of essential oils from various plant sources via hydrodistillation using the classical Clevenger apparatus is presented. The working of this equipment consists in oils distillation from raw plant material with steam, recirculating the water and collecting the volatile oil yield. The proposed designed equipment ensures high yield while keeping energy consumption to a minimum using proper thermal insulation. The yielded product is within the quality parameters for natural products imposed by regulators.

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Rose Flowers—A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer?

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11010127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Milka Mileva ◽

Yana Ilieva ◽

Gabriele Jovtchev ◽

Svetla Gateva ◽

Maya Margaritova Zaharieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Food Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Oil Sand ◽

Rosa Gallica ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.

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Fleeting Beauty—The World of Plant Fragrances and Their Application

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2473

Author(s):

Angelika Kliszcz ◽

Andrzej Danel ◽

Joanna Puła ◽

Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽

Katarzyna Możdżeń

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Organic Synthesis ◽

Plant Material ◽

Food Industry ◽

Food Additives ◽

Natural State ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

The World ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

This article is devoted to some aspects of the fragrant substances of plant origin applied in the food industry and perfumery as well. Since antiquity many extractive techniques have been developed to obtain essential oils. Some of them are still applied, but new ones, like microwave or ultrasound-assisted extractions, are more and more popular and they save time and cost. Independently of the procedure, the resulting essential oils are the source of many so-called isolates. These can be applied as food additives, medicines, or can be used as starting materials for organic synthesis. Some substances exist in very small amounts in plant material so the extraction is not economically profitable but, after their chemical structures were established and synthetic procedures were developed, in some cases they are prepared on an industrial scale. The substances described below are only a small fraction of the 2000–3000 fragrant molecules used to make our life more enjoyable, either in food or perfumes. Additionally, a few examples of allelopathic fragrant compounds, present in their natural state, will be denoted and some of their biocidal features will be mentioned as an arising “green” knowledge in agriculture.

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Teknologi Ekstraksi Bunga Kenanga (Cananga Odorata L.) dan Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon Nardus L. ) Sebagai Aroma Terapi Sabun Cair

Jurnal Daur Lingkungan ◽

10.33087/daurling.v1i1.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Malse Anggia ◽

Sri Mutiar ◽

Dewi Arziah

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Soap Product ◽

Liquid Soap ◽

Distillation Equipment ◽

Cananga Odorata

Essential oils are used as raw materials in various industries. Plants containing essential oils are flower kenanga and citronella fragrance. This study aims to create prototype of essential oil distillation equipment. Essential oils obtained from the prototype, then tested as an aroma therapy in liquid soap. The result of oil refining has been done several experiments by using citronella fragrance and kenanga flower. Device productivity goes well. This is indicated by the oil obtained from lemongrass and kenanga oil in the process of distillation. The resulting volatile oil is applied to the manufacture of liquid soap. Yield oil yields were 0.22%. and the fragrant lemongrass obtained is 0.12%. Based on the organoletic test on the resulting soap product, the average of the color is 3.7 (likes), the viscosity is 3.55 (likes), the aroma is 3.05 (regular) and the 3.55 foam (likes) on the kenanga aroma soy while the average color is 4.05 (like) viscosity 3.1 (regular), aroma 3.05 (regular) and foam 3.45 (likes) on liquid soap the aroma of citronella perfume. Keywords : Essential oil; Extraction; Lemongrass; Soap

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STUDY OF KINETIC REGULARITIES OF DRYING OF CORIANDER DEPRIVED OF ESSENTIAL OILS

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2018.2-3.22 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

С.К. МУСТАФАЕВ ◽

С.Е. СМЫЧАГИНА ◽

В.Н. МАМИН ◽

Т.В. ПЕЛИПЕНКО ◽

Е.О. СМЫЧАГИН ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Water Evaporation ◽

Small Scale ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Critical Moisture Content ◽

Mass Fractions ◽

Critical Moisture ◽

Analysis Of Performance

Проведены исследования кинетических закономерностей сушки измельченного и обезэфиренного водяным паром сырья кориандра. Рассмотрены существующие технологии сушки растительного сырья и обосновано, что для обезэфиренного сырья кориандра наиболее целесообразной является кондуктивная сушка. Показано, что кондуктивная сушка обезэфиренного кориандра на малотоннажных предприятиях может осуществляться в жаровнях, применяемых при производстве растительных масел. Определены исходные массы образцов обезэфиренного кориандра и массовых долей влаги и летучих веществ в них, проведена сушка образцов в сушильном шкафу при температурах 100°С и 115°С, при этом каждые 10 мин производили взвешивание и рассчитывали убыль массы образцов. По результатам исследований построены кривые сушки u = f(τ) и кривые скорости сушки N = f(u) обезэфиренного кориандра. Выявлено, что для исследуемого диапазона температур сушки критическое влагосодержание обезэфиренного кориандра одинаково и равно 43%. По полученным данным определены интенсивность и скорость испарения влаги в 1-м и 2-м периодах сушки. Результаты проведенных исследований могут быть использованы при анализе работы и расчетах оборудования для реализации процесса сушки обезэфиренного кориандра в производстве. Kinetic regularities of drying of coriander grinded and deprived of essential oils by steam distillation have been investigated. Existing technologies of drying for plant materials have been considered. It has been proved on reasonable grounds that conductive drying is more expedient for raw materials based on coriander deprived of essential oils. It has been shown that in small scale enterprises conductive drying of coriander deprived of essential oils can be carried out in heaters used for production of vegetable oils. Initial masses of samples of coriander deprived of essential oils were determined including mass fractions of moisture and the content of volatile substances in them. Samples were dried in a cupboard drier at the temperature 100°C and 115°C, weighed every 10 minutes and their mass loss was evaluated. Using the obtained data, curves of drying u = f(τ) and curves of drying speed N = f(u) of coriander deprived of essential oils were drawn. It has been found out that for the examined range of temperatures the critical moisture content for coriander deprived of essential oils is the same and equal to 43%. According to the obtained data, the intensity and the speed of water evaporation at the first and the second stages of drying have been determined. The results of the carried out research can be used in the analysis of performance and estimation of equipment to put the process of drying of coriander deprived of essential oils into operation.

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Technology of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of bone raw material in production of gelatine

Theory and practice of meat processing ◽

10.21323/2414-438x-2021-6-3-279-284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 279-284

Author(s):

R. A. Voroshilin

Keyword(s):

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Food Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

High Strength ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Raw Material ◽

Protein Mass ◽

Pharmaceutical Production ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Bone gelatin is an important and irreplaceable item widely used in the food industry and pharmaceutical production; it is also widely used in tissue engineering and other spheres. Due to widespread use of gelatin it is necessary to search for new safe and effective technologies for bone gelatin production. This research represents the results of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of raw material in the process of gelatin production. The article presents the results of hydrolysis analyzes, the results of the main quality parameters of the obtained gelatin samples; and the major technological scheme for gelatin production is proposed here. As result of developed technology of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of bone raw material with the ratio of raw material mass to the volume of solvent (HCl 1M and pepsin with an enzymatic activity of 40 units) as 1:9, duration of exposure: 180 minutes (3 hours), at the stage of demineralization, liming and de-ashing, we obtained samples of gelatin at yield rate of 12.1% from the initial mass of raw materials, which is 6.9% higher in comparison with the lowest yield of gelatin according to the proposed schemes. It is shown that the samples have a high protein mass fraction 91.4%, and a low fat mass fraction 0.4%, the obtained results indicate the high technological qualities of the obtained gelatin sample, this is also confirmed by high strength of gel according to Bloom scale, which value varies within the range of 290 ± 0.7 units.

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Variation of the Chemical Composition of Thymus Vulgaris Essential Oils by Phenological Stages

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.2.6973 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 633-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristian Moisa ◽

Andreea Lupitu ◽

Georgeta Pop ◽

Dorina Rodica Chambre ◽

Lucian Copolovici ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Material ◽

Food Industry ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Minor Components ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Before And After

Thymus vulgaris essential oil is one of the most common oils used mainly in food industry but it could also have applications in medicine and pharmacy. The chemical composition of this essential oil depends on the plant material harvesting time, phenomenological stages, meteorological conditions and growing area of plants. In our study, four different Thymus vulgaris L. var. Donne Valley essential oils have been extracted and characterised. The essential oils have been extracted from plants before and after flowering in two different years. There is an important difference between the chemical composition of oils obtained from plants harvested before and after flowering. Thymol and carvacrol have been found as the major components, but the percentage depends on the phenological stages of the plants and the year of harvesting. Furthermore, the composition of the minor components changed.

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EFFECT OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BASIL HERB

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2018.6.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 135-145

Author(s):

Katarzyna Dzida ◽

Zenia Michałojć ◽

Zbigniew Jarosz ◽

Karolina Pitura ◽

Natalia Skubij

Keyword(s):

Plant Nutrition ◽

Plant Material ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Yield ◽

Potassium Fertilizer ◽

Potassium Nutrition ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Herbal Plants

In the cultivation of herbal plants, besides the size of the crop, the quality of obtained raw material is extremely important, which is proven not only by the appearance and taste, but also biological value. Factors that affect these parameters include plant nutrition. The main nutrient affecting the correct course of metabolic processes in a plant is potassium. To obtain high yield in terms of quantity and quality, the nutritional requirements of plants must be met. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of potassium nutrition on the quality of basil herb. The experiment was established in a two-factor scheme, in which the factors were: potassium dose (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g K·dm–3) and the type of potassium fertilizer (KCl, K2SO4, KCl + K2SO4). The yield of basil plants was influenced by the dose and type of potassium fertilizers used (0.5 g K·dm–3 – 92.5; 1.0 g K – 67.3; 1.5 g K – 69.75 g·plant–1). The highest content of L-ascorbic acid was found in basil plants fed with the average potassium dose (65.9 mg·100 g–1 FW). The least nitrates (V) were contained in basil fertilized with KCl in the highest dose of K (63 mg·100 g–1 FW). No effect of the dose and type of potassium fertilizer on the content of phosphorus and sulfur in the plant material, was recorded. The content of Ca and Mg was influenced by both the potassium dose and the type of potassium fertilizer. The most of these components was revealed by plants fed with KCl, and with the increase of the dose, the content of both these mineral components decreased. Chlorine content in the herb increased with the applied potassium dose, the effect on the concentration of chlorine in the plant material was exerted by the type of potassium fertilizer applied – the highest concentration of this element was recorded. The content of macroelements in the substrate from basil cultivation was influenced by the dose and type of potassium fertilizers used. The best quality parameters of basil were obtained after application of 1.0 g K·dm–3 substrate in the form of KCl + K2SO4.

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