Rose Flowers—A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer?

Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.

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Lamiaceae Essential Oils, Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Biological Activities

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6748052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Luiz Renan Ramos da Silva ◽

Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira ◽

Jorddy Nevez Cruz ◽

Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco ◽

Tainá Oliveira dos Anjos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Medicinal and aromatic plants present important active compounds that have potential for use in food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture industries. In this sense, the present work aimed to conduct a literature review on the potential applications of essential oils from Lamiaceae species. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The importance of this study is demonstrated as a way to theoretically provide information on the use of different plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, especially with regard to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of its essential oils.

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Variability in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. from mountainous regions of Iran

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ◽

10.1186/s40538-021-00219-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mansureh Ghavam ◽

Afsaneh Afzali ◽

Maria Manconi ◽

Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽

Maria Letizia Manca

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽

Suitable Area

Abstract Background Essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. is one of the most valuable and important raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry. The cultivation of this plant has ancient origins, and Kashan was one of the first mountainous regions of Iran dealing with the cultivation of R. × damascena. In this study, both chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of different rose essential oils obtained from five mountainous areas of Kashan region (Maragh, Qamsar, Sadeh, Javinan, and Kamoo) has been investigated along with the influence of the environmental conditions on these properties. Results Results showed that yield and chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Rosa × damascena were significantly affected by the collection area. In particular, the yield of oils varied from ~0.08 to ~0.132% and citronellol (36.70-9.18%), geraniol (12.82-0.47%), nonadecane (22.73-10.36%), heneicosane (31.7-11.43%), and 1-nonadecene (6.03-3.93%) have been detected as main compounds in all the plants collected, but at different concentrations depending on the collection area. The best fragrance and the highest yield were found in the oil from Kamoo area. Similarly to the chemical composition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was affected by their origin, and essential oil obtained from plants collected from Kamoo area disclosed the highest antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Its inhibition halos were 17.33±0.58 mm against Aspergillus brasiliensis, 15.67±0.58 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 12.33±0. 58 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. Essential oils of R. damascena were also effective against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and they had a MIC value of 62.50 μg/mL irrespective of the collection area (except the oil from Javinan area). On the contrary, the highest antifungal power against Candida albicans yeast was reached using the essential oil obtained from plants collected in Javinan region (MIC and MBC ~62.50 μg/mL). Conclusions Overall results underline the influence of environmental conditions of the different areas of Kashan region, on the chemical composition of and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Rosa × damascena. In addition, results disclosed that Kamoo seemed to be the most suitable area for the competitive cultivation of R. × damascena to the intensive production of aromatic flower oil and natural antimicrobial essential oils.

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The Genus Haplophyllum Juss.: Phytochemistry and Bioactivities—A Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154664 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4664

Author(s):

Majid Mohammadhosseini ◽

Alessandro Venditti ◽

Claudio Frezza ◽

Mauro Serafini ◽

Armandodoriano Bianco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Therapeutic Properties

Herein, a comprehensive review is given focusing on the chemical profiles of the essential oils (EOs), non-volatile compounds, ethnobotany, and biological activities of different Haplophyllum (Rutaceae family) species. To gather the relevant data, all the scientific databases, including Scopus, ISI-WOS (Institute of Scientific Information-Web of Science), and PubMed and highly esteemed publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Taylor and Francis, etc., were systematically retrieved and reviewed. A wide array of valuable groups of natural compounds, e.g., terpenoids, coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, flavonoids, and organic acids have been isolated and subsequently characterized in different organic extracts of a number of Haplophyllum species. In addition, some remarkable antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, antileishmanial, and antialgal effects as well as promising remedial therapeutic properties have been well-documented for some species of the genus Haplophyllum.

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Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes of Essential Oils from Psidium Species and Their Biological Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 965

Author(s):

Renan Campos e Silva ◽

Jamile S. da Costa ◽

Raphael O. de Figueiredo ◽

William N. Setzer ◽

Joyce Kelly R. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

New Drugs ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Biological Potential ◽

The World ◽

Review Reports ◽

Collection Sites

Psidium (Myrtaceae) comprises approximately 266 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Psidium taxa have great ecological, economic, and medicinal relevance due to their essential oils’ chemical diversity and biological potential. This review reports 18 Psidium species growing around the world and the chemical and biological properties of their essential oils. Chemically, 110 oil records are reported with significant variability of volatile constituents, according to their seasonality and collection sites. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes with acyclic (C10 and C15), p-menthane, pinane, bisabolane, germacrane, caryophyllane, cadinane, and aromadendrane skeleton-types, were the primary constituents. The essential oils showed various biological activities, including antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, phytotoxic, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. This review contributes to the Psidium species rational and economic exploration as natural sources to produce new drugs.

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The Use of Essential Oils in Active Food Packaging: A Review of Recent Studies

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v7i11.1799-1804.2640 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 1799

Author(s):

Muhammad Zeeshan Akram ◽

Sema Yaman Fırıncıoğlu ◽

Hassan Jalal ◽

Sibel Canoğulları Doğan

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Food Industry ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Food Additives ◽

Biodegradable Films ◽

Processed Food ◽

Active Food Packaging

Public concern on the excessive use of synthetic food additives has raised a great interest to use natural products due to their potential in food and pharmacological industries. Nowadays, chemical food additives are questioned due to their contribution to the health risks and environmental impacts. Among natural additives, essential oils (EOs) are extracted from aromatic compounds and responsible for their biological activities namely antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity. Incorporation of bio-active compounds particularly EOs directly in food or edible/biodegradable food packaging seems to enhance the shelf life and quality characteristics of processed food and protect the consumers against oxidative and bacterial deterioration effects. However, inclusion of EOs in films/coatings for food packaging may put some effects on various properties (optic, tensile and etc.), which can affect the consumer acceptability. Their addition in food can cause some allergic and hypersensitivity reactions to the individuals who use them often. This paper aims to review the latest findings on the use of EOs incorporated with edible/biodegradable films and coatings to enhance the shelf life and quality of the food. Further investigations about essential oils are expected to clarify their exact action and build up their standard use in food industry.

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MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES AS A FACTOR FOR MODIFICATION OF THEIR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i3.32413 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 118-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A.V. SYROESHKIN ◽

E.V. USPENSKAYA ◽

T.V. PLETENEVA ◽

M.A. MOROZOVA ◽

T.V. MAKSIMOVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Native Form ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Before And After

Objective: Study the influence of the mechanical preparation methods (grinding, fluidization) of solid pharmaceutical substances (PS) and herbal raw material on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. Methods: Test substances and solvents-Lactose monohydrate (DFE Pharma, Germany). Sodium chloride, bendazol hydrochloride (all Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and herbal raw material (Callisia fragrans). The dispersity and native structure of pharmaceutical substances were analyzed by several methods: optical microscopy–Altami BIO 2 microscope (Russia); low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) method (Malvern Instruments, UK); Spirotox method–Quasichemical kinetic of cell transition of cellular biosensor Spirostomum ambiguum; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–the analysis in the middle IR region was carried out using an IR Cary 630 Fourier spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). The analysis of dried leaves of C. fragrans before and after mechanical activation was performed using Shimadzu EDX-7000 X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer without mineralization (Shimadzu, Japan). Results: It was established that the mechanical change, such as dispersion and drying, alters the biological activity of PS and herbal raw materials. The observed increase in the influence of the dispersed substance on the biosensor S. ambiguum is quantitatively estimated from the values of the activation energy (obsEa), which turns to be valued 1,5 (P≤0,05) times more than for the native form substance. In the study of the dependence of the availability of chemical elements K, Ca, Zn on the degree of dispersion of herbal raw materials was established a quantitative 4-fold (P≤0,05) increase in the concentration of elements in mechano-activated raw materials. Conclusion: By the example of the biological model of Spirotox (single-celled biosensor S. ambiguum) and herbal raw materials obtained from C. fragrans, the increase of biological activity of PS at the dispersion of initial preparations was proved.

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Essential oil from Piperaceae as a potential for biopesticide agents: a review

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(s5).007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (S5) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

N.A. Abdullah ◽

W.Z.W.M. Zain ◽

H.A. Hamid ◽

N.W. Ramli

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

The United States ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Present Information ◽

United States Food ◽

Synthetic Pesticide ◽

States Food

This review is aimed to present information on the properties of Piperaceae which can be potentially used as a biopesticide. The chemical compounds involved in were different as each species consist of different amount of secondary metabolites which then leads to different properties. In recent years, several reports have been published regarding the composition and the biological activities of the essential oils of Piper species. These studies have highlighted the existence of marked chemical differences among oils extracted from different species or varieties. Analysis of volatile constituents from Piperaceae species has revealed the presence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and arylpropanoids that have shown interesting biological properties including cytotoxic, fungistatic, insecticide, molluscicidal, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Essential oils are natural complex secondary metabolites characterized by strong odour, volatility and have generally lower density than water. Due to their volatility, essential oils are environmentally non-persistent. On top of that, essential oils are ‘generally recognized as safe’ by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since technology has become more advanced, people started to replace synthetic pesticide with bio-pesticide. The demand for EO has increased as it has biological properties that can be used to replace synthetic pesticide

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Phytochemical Profile and Biological Properties of Colchicum triphyllum (Meadow Saffron)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9040457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 457 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Biancamaria Senizza ◽

Gabriele Rocchetti ◽

Murat Ali Okur ◽

Gokhan Zengin ◽

Evren Yıldıztugay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

First Time

In this work, the phytochemical profile and the biological properties of Colchicum triphyllum (an unexplored Turkish cultivar belonging to Colchicaceae) have been comprehensively investigated for the first time. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, tuber, and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods, namely maceration (both aqueous and methanolic), infusion, and Soxhlet. Besides, the complete phenolic and alkaloid untargeted metabolomic profiling of the different extracts was investigated. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 285 compounds when considering the different matrix extracts, including mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, and tyrosol equivalents. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (119 compounds), while colchicine, demecolcine, and lumicolchicine isomers were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. In addition, our findings showed that C. triphyllum tuber extracts were a superior source of both total alkaloids and total polyphenols, being on average 2.89 and 10.41 mg/g, respectively. Multivariate statistics following metabolomics allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Overall, C. triphyllum leaf extracts showed a strong in vitro antioxidant capacity, in terms of cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC; on average 96.45 mg Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 66.86 mg TE/g). Interestingly, each C. triphyllum methanolic extract analyzed (i.e., from tuber, leaf, and flower) was active against the tyrosinase in terms of inhibition, recording the higher values for methanolic macerated leaves (i.e., 125.78 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g). On the other hand, moderate inhibitory activities were observed against AChE and α-amylase. Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between the phytochemical profiles and the biological activities determined. Therefore, our findings highlighted, for the first time, the potential of C. triphhyllum extracts in food and pharmaceutical applications.

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Germacrone: Occurrence, Synthesis, Chemical Transformations and Biological Properties

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300418 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alejandro F. Barrero ◽

M. Mar Herrador ◽

Pilar Arteaga ◽

Julieta V. Catalán

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Reactivity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Chemical Transformations ◽

Cyclization Reactions ◽

Cns Depressant ◽

Complete Synthesis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Total Oil

Germacrone (1) forms part of a great number of essential oils, in some of them comprising more than 20% of the total oil. This compound presents a wide range of biological activities (CNS depressant, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antifeedant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antitussive, vasodilator, choleretic, hepatoprotector), which are analyzed. The chemical reactivity of germacrone, including cyclization reactions, and complete synthesis are presented.

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Biological Properties of Some Volatile Phenylpropanoids

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601101041 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Radmila Ilijeva ◽

Gerhard Buchbauer

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Almost All

Plants and their extracts are the new field of interest for many scientists and also of some pharmaceutical industries. In order to provide more information for their usage in the prevention and treatment of diseases many clinical trials and researches are being carried out. In this review the biological activities and the mechanism of action of volatile phenylpropanoids (PPs) found in essential oils (EOs) are presented. The aim of this overview is to show that volatile PPs found in EOs can exert many of the biological activities which are generally attributed to EOs. Almost all of the PPs possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. These are related to the different substitution of the phenylpropane molecule. For each isolated group not only one, but more pharmacological activities can be credited.

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