scholarly journals Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Control Versus Contextual Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students From Poland

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Urszula Kobylińska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The article analyses the influence of personal and contextual variables on entrepreneurial intentions of students from Poland. The article presents a structural model that has been developed from a set of student perceptions. Chosen variables included in the model allows explaining and managing the formation of the intention in the context of higher education. This study provides answers to the following questions: What role and which personal variables do play importance in the formation of entrepreneurship intention in the case of young people? Which and how contextual variables are important to enhance personal variables for entrepreneurial intentions? Methodology: The research was carried out by using critical literature analysis as well as statistical research. In carrying out this work, a causal quantitative methodology (structural equation modeling) was applied using the Amos program. Factor analysis has also been used in a descriptive methodological context. The empirical research was conducted in first quarter of 2020. Findings: Research conducted on a sample of over 330 Polish students has shown that not all personal factors are statistically significant in assessing the entrepreneurial intentions of young people. As the results show, subjective norms do not play a significant role in the intention to take up self-employment. External (contextual) factors related to the broadly understood environment supporting the future entrepreneur play an important role, but much less clear than the factors at the individual level and generally indirectly influence entrepreneurial intentions, strengthening the entrepreneur's personal factors. Practical Implications: The results suppose a theoretical and practical contribution to the promotion of entrepreneur intentions of university students inside and outside the educational context. Entrepreneurship promotion programmes run by universities must focus on developing the attitude of the potential entrepreneurs, conveying the message that, despite all the obstacles that exist when launching a business, the entrepreneurship route can be an interesting alternative. Originality/Value: In the study, the personal and contextual factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of students were taken into account. The causal model generated on a sample of 332 Polish respondents shows the importance of individual factors on entrepreneurial intentions and the impact of contextual constructs on personal factors. Contextual variables (i.e. education, public policy, supporting entrepreneurial environments) were found to have a positive impact on personal variables as well as entrepreneurial intentions.

scholarly journals Influence of entrepreneurship education on Egerton University’s graduates’ intention to start a business

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 289-303
Author(s):  
P.M. Mshenga ◽  
D.O. Okello ◽  
O.I. Ayuya ◽  
D. Mwangi ◽  
D. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Business Graduates ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurship training has been introduced in most Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in sub-Saharan Africa countries to enhance graduate self-employment. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of entrepreneurship training on Egerton University’s graduates’ intention to start a business. This study used the Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in a cross sectional survey, conducted during April to May, 2016. A sample of 341 business and non-business Egerton University graduates, enrolled from the year 2008 up to 2015 was used. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through telephone and face-to-face interviews. They were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and PLS Multi-Group Analysis (PLS-MGA). Findings revealed presence of a significant positive relationship between attitude toward entrepreneurship (b = 0.315, P=0.01), proactiveness (b = 0.042, P=0.01), risk-propensity (b = 0.11, P=0.01), and self-efficacy (b = 0.138, P=0.01) on graduates’ intention to start a business. Furthermore, multi-group analysis showed that the same four attributes significantly predicted entrepreneurship intention among business and non-business graduates to start businesses. Also, subjective norms significantly impacted entrepreneurial intentions of business graduates to start businesses. Finally, business graduates had significant higher scores than non-business graduatesin terms of self-efficacy (b = 0.182, P=0.03) and subjective norms (b = 0.329, P=0.04).

Education and enterprising profile of young community: evidence from a transition country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vjollca Hasani ◽  
Jusuf Zeqiri ◽  
Kumrije Gagica ◽  
Kimberly Gleason ◽  
Sadudin Ibraimi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper, in light of the theory of planned behavior, aims to analyze the factors that have an impact on entrepreneurial intentions among students in Kosovo. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire is administered online for data collection, and the analysis is conducted using structural equation modeling. Findings The authors find that in the context of Kosovo, personal attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control significantly impact entrepreneurial intention among students. However, the entrepreneurial education survey respondents received was unrelated to entrepreneurial intention of students in Kosovo. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature regarding the role of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention among students and graduates. In addition, the authors provide new evidence regarding the impact of personal attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention in the context of a transition economy. Finally, the authors offer recommendations to educational institutions and policymakers concerning the appropriate design of entrepreneurial education.

scholarly journals Determinants of participation and quality of life of young adults with cerebral palsy: longitudinal approach and comparison with the general population – SPARCLE 3 study protocol

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Arnaud ◽  
Carine Duffaut ◽  
Jérôme Fauconnier ◽  
Silke Schmidt ◽  
Kate Himmelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Young People ◽  
General Population ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Effective inclusion in society for young people with disabilities is increasingly seen as generating opportunities for self-development, and improving well-being. However, significant barriers remain in the vast majority of activities meaningful for young adults. Research argues that various personal (disabilities, health) and environmental (access to the resources needed, accessible environment, discrimination, lack of personal economic independence) factors contribute to limited participation. However, previous studies conducted in young people with cerebral palsy (CP) mainly investigated the transition period to adulthood, and did not fully consider the whole range of impairment severity profiles or environmental barriers. In this study, we will use the follow-up of the SPARCLE cohort and a comparison group from the general population (1) to investigate the impact of the environment on participation and quality of life of young adults with CP, (2) to determine predictors of a successful young adulthood in educational, professional, health and social fields, (3) to compare quality of life and frequency of participation in social, work and recreational activities with the general population, (4) to document on participation and quality of life in those with severe disabilities. Methods The SPARCLE3 study has a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional design. Young adults with CP aged 22 to 27 years in 6 European regions previously enrolled in the SPARCLE cohort or newly recruited will be invited to self-complete a comprehensive set of questionnaires exploring participation (daily life and discretionary activities), health-related quality of life, body function, personal factors (health, personal resources), and contextual factors (availability of needed environmental items, family environment, services provision) during home visits supervised by trained researchers. Proxy-reports or adapted questionnaires will be used for those with the most severe impairments. The recruitment of a large group from the general population (online survey) will enable to identify life areas where the discrepancies between young people with CP and their able-bodied peers are the most significant. Discussion This study will help identify to what extent disabilities and barriers in environment negatively affect participation and quality of life, and how previous valued experiences during childhood or adolescence might modulate these effects.

Predictors of Positive Psychological Capital: An Attempt Among the Teacher Communities in Rural Jharkhand, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 0258042X2199101
Author(s):  
Mukti Clarence ◽  
Viju P. D. ◽  
Lalatendu Kesari Jena ◽  
Tony Sam George
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Positive Psychological Capital ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In the recent times, researchers have shown an increased interest in positive psychological capital (PsyCap). However, it is acknowledged that due to the limited number of studies conducted on the antecedents of psychological capital, there is a lack of sufficient data for conclusively proving the antecedents of PsyCap. Consequently, this article aims to explore the potential antecedents of PsyCap as a reliable source of data in the context of rural school teachers. The focus is to investigate both the individual differences and the contextual factors as desirable variables that constitute PsyCap among the school teachers of rural Jharkhand, India. Samples of 1,120 respondents from different rural schools were collected and analysed with Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS 20.0). The findings of the study explained that both the individual differences ( proactive personality and emotional intelligence) and the contextual factors ( perceived organizational support, servant leadership and meaningful work) have a positive relationship with PsyCap. The impact of PsyCap on teacher performance can form the basis for further research on the subject. JEL Codes: M12, M53

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Intentions of Pakistani Students: The Role of Entrepreneurial Education, Creativity Disposition, Invention Passion & Passion for Founding

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temoor Anjum ◽  
Sara Ravan Ramzani ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh ◽  
Valliappan Raju ◽  
Nida Nazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Passion ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions of the university students, moreover, a mediating role of  Entrepreneurial Passion, Perceived Creativity Disposition and Entrepreneurial Passion was also assessed. Data were collected from 595 university students; Partial least square technique was used with the help of SmartPLS software. Results of partial least square structural equation modeling showed that all the hypothesized direct and indirect relationship were supported. Possible implications for theory and practice are discussed in detailed.

Contextual factors of entrepreneurship intention in manufacturing SMEs: the case study of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-657
Author(s):  
Sahar Ahadi ◽  
Sara Kasraie
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the contextual factors that influence entrepreneurial intention to start the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Iran and to investigate why some manufacturing sector entrepreneurs achieve growth objectives while others do not.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth semistructured interviews of 25 participants were used to investigate the contextual factors of entrepreneurship intention. On the basis of the data collected, a thematic content analysis has been carried out.FindingsA set of contextual and cultural factors has been highlighted by the analysis. Data analysis led to the extraction of three main themes: external, internal and personal factors that were found to be significant determinants of entrepreneurship intention. In relation to the effect of these factors on their entrepreneurial behaviors, it emerged that there were the major barriers to entrepreneurial intentions including lack of resources, financial challenges and economic situation, which affected how they made strategic decisions about their plans. Moreover, the findings show that the key dimensions of organizational structure, public policies, social media, education and soft skills development are vital features and being influential in entrepreneurship.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has industry-specific, size-specific and region-specific limitations. The qualitative research approach affects the generalizable character of the results.Practical implicationsThe research findings have important implications for practicing entrepreneurs, start-ups and policymakers. The manuscript suggests a transition to a more collaborative approach from experts and practitioners in the field through policymakers to tackling the underlying determinants of entrepreneurship intention in Iran as a motive to economic growth. This research is significant since its findings should help regulators and investors better understand the opportunities and threats among manufacturing SMEs. This study implies a step forward in research into the entrepreneurship intention and SMEs literature, since the results differ from the evidence found for large companies in developing countries such as Iran. There is also a great contribution toward the debate regarding the need to consider the context and the type of firm in enterprise development studies.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study conducted in Iran that explores three key elements of entrepreneurship intention interactively in Iran through qualitative research analysis. The research study fills a literature gap on the determinants of manufacturing SMEs’ functions. This manuscript explores the contextual factors that influence on entrepreneurial behavior in a conflict country context, using a thematic analysis for in-depth results. A new approach to evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities was used. The advantage of this empirical strategy is that it takes into account in more detail the content observations and experiences with the industry-specific insights. It also gives more description about the contingent nature of practice. Moreover, this qualitative research acknowledged the areas of conflict and contradiction around entrepreneurship phenomena among SMEs.

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF FORMATION THE READINESS FOR CHARITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
I. Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of psychological factors that can influence upon personal motivation and readiness for charity of adolescent. The findings can help to increase the effectiveness of programs that involve young people in charity and identify the most effective methods to form prosocial behavior of young people aimed at helping and supporting others in the long run. The purpose of the article is to investigate the influence of personal, pedagogical and socio-psychological factors on the formation of young people's readiness for charitable activity. The author analyzed the potential positive consequences of prosocial activity for adolescents, identified the main motives of charity and the specific motivation of high school students, summarized information about the factors and mechanisms of involvement and formation of charitable readiness. Analysis of the data obtained in the empirical study of adolescents from two schools with different pedagogical environment and different levels of organization of school prosocial activity, allowed to identify a number of patterns that indicate the dominant factors in the formation of adolescents readiness for charity. We have found that altruism, empathy and the dominance of values of universalism, goodness and conformity are significant personal characteristics that determine the readiness for charitable activity. Significant personal factors are polymotivation (the combination of personal and social motives for charitable activities), a high level of involvement in such activities and the availability of certain experiences. We have found that the most important environments for development of charity readiness are the family and the school. The immediate environment (project team) and the authority of the mentor, the possibility of self-realization, the reach of the result, the opportunity to receive positive emotions, the level of responsibility play a significant role in increasing the level of involvement in school projects and programs. In a school where teachers attach great importance to the prosocial activity of students in the educational process, the impact of the school environment becomes major. It determines the readiness for further charity both with the family and as a part of extracurricular activities.

scholarly journals Predictors of Creativity in Young People: Using Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches in Estimating the Importance of Individual and Contextual Factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Asquith ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Daniel S Quintana ◽  
Anna Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Creative Ideation ◽  
The Impact

The development of creativity in young children has been studied extensively, but relatively few studies have examined the period of adolescence and emerging adulthood in relation to creative potential. The present study employs a combination of frequentist and Bayesian analyses to evaluate the impact of individual factors (e.g., IQ) and contextual factors (e.g., pursuit of creative hobbies) on creative ideation in three cohorts of young people aged 14-20 years. Measures of divergent thinking, specifically the Alternate Uses Task (AUT) and the Overcoming Knowledge Constraints Task, were used to this end. Openness to aesthetic and imaginative experience was the strongest predictor of creative potential for the three AUT measures. Moreover, Bayesian hypothesis testing revealed that the best predictive model for AUT ideational fluency and AUT overall originality was one that included only Openness, whereas the best predictive model for AUT peak originality, or the propensity to generate highly original responses, included Openness, as well as IQ and Engagement in Creative Hobbies. No group differences in creative potential were found between the three age cohorts (aged 14-15, 16-17, and 18-20). The study not only confirms the importance of openness to aesthetic and imaginative experience as a predictor of creative potential in adolescents and young adults, but also indicates the necessity to consider the combined and differentiated impact of individual and contextual factors in different facets of creative ideation.

scholarly journals Use of Acute Psychiatric Hospitalisation: A Study of the Factors Influencing Decisions to Arrange Acute Admission to Inpatient Mental Health Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Nathan ◽  
Mark Gabbay ◽  
Sean Boyle ◽  
Phil Elliott ◽  
Clarissa Giebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Acute Admission ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Human decision-making involves a complex interplay of intra- and inter-personal factors. The decisions clinicians make in practise are subject to a wide range of influences. Admission to a psychiatric hospital is a major clinical intervention, but the decision-making processes involved in admissions remain unclear.Aims: To delineate the range of factors influencing clinicians' decisions to arrange acute psychiatric admissions.Methods: We undertook six focus groups with teams centrally involved in decisions to admit patients to hospital (crisis resolution home treatment, liaison psychiatry, approved mental health practitioners and consultant psychiatrists). The data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.Results: Our analysis of the data show a complex range of factors influencing decision-making that were categorised as those related to: (i) clinical and risk factors; (ii) fear/threat factors; (iii) interpersonal dynamics; (iv) contextual factors.Conclusions: Decisions to arrange acute admission to hospital are not just based on an appraisal of clinical and risk-related information. Emotional, interpersonal and contextual factors are also critical in decision-making. Delineating the breadth of factors that bear on clinical decision-making can inform approaches to (i) clinical decision-making research, (ii) the training and supervision of clinicians, and (iii) service delivery models.

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