Criminal Liability of Athletes for Damage Caused as a Result of Violation of the Rules of Sports Events

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
D. A. Bezborodov ◽  
◽  
R. M. Kravchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with issues related to the characteristics of the qualification of causing injury or death to an athlete during sports events. The article analyzes the possibility of applying the provisions of certain circumstances that exclude the criminality of the act. Take into account that the relationship between the participants of sports competitions and sports training, while relationships at the same time are not regulated by the law and sports regulations sports, and the internal rules of sports organizations, defining the organization of the training process. Therefore, the issues related to the influence of special rules regulating the procedure for conducting sports competitions and other sporting events on the features of criminal liability (in particular, guilt), both athletes and other persons who ensure the conduct of sports events, are studied specifically. It is taken into account that modern legislation and law enforcement often ignores this requirement, which, in particular, is expressed in the failure to include the facts of sports injuries in the list of crimes in the field of sports. First of all, the article analyzes the issues of criminal-legal assessment of an athlete's act in the event of injury to health or death to another athlete, given that in sports, harm is usually caused unintentionally, by negligence. Therefore, the work analyzes the risks, harm to health, as well as measures that should have been taken by the organizers of the competition to avoid causing harm, taking into account that all these issues are evaluative. The characteristic of harming an athlete while observing the rules of events by his opponent is given. The question of how the rules relating to a particular sport can exempt a person from liability for causing harm is being investigated.

scholarly journals Influence of Perceived Value and Innovation on the Propensity to Use Sports Tourism Websites among University Students: The Moderating Effects of Age and Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Marwan Taha Abed Rabee ◽  
Roxana Dev Bt Omar Dev ◽  
Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden ◽  
Ahmad Nasrulloh ◽  
Seyedali Ahrari
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sports Tourism ◽  
Tourism Websites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Study Offer

Abstract: In this study, the researchers sought to understand the effects perceived value and innovation have on the propensity of university students to use sports tourism websites. This study also examined the moderating roles of age and education on this usage. University students (N = 354; 292 women and 62 men) from a public university in Malaysia were surveyed for this study. The findings revealed that perceived value and innovation significantly influence the propensity to use sports tourism websites among university students. The results also showed that both age and education significantly moderated their purposed associations. The findings of this study offer sports website managers, as well as policymakers in sports organizations, an insight that will aid in the development of effective online strategies to attract young users to engage with sports tourism websites. This study also informs managers and researchers about the importance of age and education when considering the relationship between predictors and the propensity of users to use sports tourism websites. Keywords: Propensity to use websites, tourism, sports events, personal characteristics, perceived benefits, innovation.

scholarly journals Problems of determining the subjective side of crimes related to harm to life and health during sports competitions and sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Andrey Berestovoy ◽  
Pavel Cvetkov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Logical Conclusion ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
Subjective Side

The article analyzes the various approaches of scientists criminologists presented in the legal literature and its criminal-legal component to the problem of sports injuries. Further, an attempt is made to determine the criminal legal boundaries of causing physical harm (injury) in the process of sports, training. Particular emphasis is placed on the content of the subjective side of the actions of the wrecker. The authors analyze various approaches of forensic scientists to the problem of sports injuries and its criminal-legal component, presented in the legal literature, make an attempt to determine the criminal-legal boundaries of causing physical harm (injury) in the process of sports competitions, training. Special emphasis is placed on the content of the subjective side of the harm done by the inflictor. Proposals are formulated for law enforcement practice in terms of accounting for deliberate or careless violation of the rules of sports competitions. At the same time, special attention is paid to the problems of law enforcement, the existence of which is due to optional signs of the subjective side of crimes, which regulate responsibility for causing harm to life and health in the course of sports and sports. The authors come to the logical conclusion that when developing the criminal-legal content of lawful harm during sports, it is necessary to pay more attention to subjective elements and signs that characterize the internal attitude of the perpetrator to the actions he has committed and the consequences that have occurred as a result of these actions in situations of lawful harm.

scholarly journals Analysis of network interaction in the context of physical education and sports activities of universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 09013
Author(s):  
Yashar Salamzadeh ◽  
Maksim Kocherian ◽  
Andrey Plakhin ◽  
Tatiana Volovik ◽  
Elena Davydova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
Sports Activities

The realization of the various interests of students in the sports activities of universities requires educational institutions to have a diverse material and technical base: sports facilities of various specifics, qualified personnel, and methodological developments. At the same time, the capabilities of individual higher education institutions are limited. The solution to this problem is possible through the integrated use of the resource base of several educational institutions and municipal facilities for the organization of sports and athletic activities. An effective exchange of resources is based on network models of relationships, the management of which is based on the provisions of the theories of strategic and general management and a project approach. The purpose of this study was the formation of a network model of interaction in the processes of sports activities of universities in the Sverdlovsk region. The study was conducted by the Physical Education and Sports Department in conjunction with the Management and Entrepreneurship Department of the Ural State University of Economics in the period 2019-2020. The information ground of the study is formed based on the analysis of plans for sporting events, tender documentation, as well as the database of contracts concluded by participants in the strategic network. The research methodology is based on a network theory and involves the construction of a directed graph, where the nodes are university subjects, and objects of network interaction are placed on arcs. The results of the study show that the network model is of the concentric type, the main unifying projects in the framework of physical culture and sports activities are such sports events as “Nations Cross”, “Universiade of the Sverdlovsk Region” and “Ski Track of Russia”. There are no links in the network interaction scheme due to the need to implement on a contractual basis the training courses included in the Basic professional educational programs of higher educational institutions, the network is based only on participation in external events initiated by state and municipal authorities, the corporate sector, sports organizations and universities themselves.

scholarly journals Corruption In Sports Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Bronislava Coufalová ◽  
Jan Pinkava
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Sports Activities

Abstract In sports environment there is a whole range of different types of wrongful conduct sanctioned not only by disciplinary bodies using specific rules accepted by the executive authorities of sports organizations but also more serious cases that have to be judged in accordance with criminal law. There has been a long debate whether criminal law should intervene into the area of sport, i.e. whether sport and its environment is in itself such an autonomous system that it could deal with all the matters of criminal nature on its own. The area of sport environment involves a whole range of illegal acts, ranging from criminal liability of sportsmen responsible for injuries inflicted upon others in the area of sport, the issues of hooliganism in sporting events, breach of the public peace as far as the issue of match-fixing including the crimes of bribery and illegal betting. Generally speaking, we are of the opinion that there is no good reason why the criminal law should not be allowed to intervene into the area of sport in certain cases. The basic argument to be used is the fact that every social activity must be carried out in accordance with the legal order of the country, the area of sport being no exception. The area of sport or to be more precise the specific types of sports activities are regulated by special internal and statutory rules introducing certain sanctioning mechanisms in the form of disciplinary rules which can be enforced by different disciplinary bodies.

scholarly journals Training technology management and financial consequences of sports injuries summary

Revizor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (95-96) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Alhddad Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
The One ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Sports Activities

Sports injuries are an integral part of engaging in sports activities and occur both during training and in competition. Therefore, they can significantly afect the training process, which is why it is necessary to rationally approach the evaluation and treatment of the resulting injury, as well as the subsequent functional rehabilitation of athletes, in order to minimize the negative injury efects. The economic aspects and the significance of ankle injury have been examined in a sample of the highest paid soccer players in the world. The results indicated a functionally independent relationship between the frequency and intensity of injury, on the one hand, and chronological age, the value of transfers, and athletic performance efficacy on the other. In order to properly manage the training process in an incident situation, it is necessary to rationally approach the evaluation and treatment of injuries, as well as subsequent functional rehabilitation of athletes, in order to minimize the negative efects of injuries. question. Namely, in the most popular sports, top athletes earn astronomical earnings by engaging in sports activities. Therefore, their absence from training and competition has significant financial consequences. Management of the training process today requires significant involvement of management functions due to the need to articulate numerous factors influencing the training process and its final efects in an appropriate manner and to optimize the allocation of available resources to achieve planned goals. This demand is more and more present due to the fact that today, in top competitive sports, large financial resources are being used as a consequence of the increasingly valuable sports product that athletes, sports experts and sports organizations create.

Certain Procedural Specifi cs of Application of the Criminal Provisions on Exemption from Criminal Liability

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
А.А. Tolkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Procedural Law

The article analyzes the connections and interdependences of criminal and procedural provisions in deciding matters of exemption from criminal liability; particular procedural limiters (filters) are highlighted and their influence on the application of substantive provisions is demonstrated. Additional (synthesized, criminal procedural) rules of application of the provisions on exemption from criminal liability are proposed, which are subject to be considered in practice. At the expense of inter-sectoral aspects the possibility of quality improvement of the criminal and criminal procedural law enforcement is justified.

Hosting annual international sporting events and tourism: Formula 1, golf or tennis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110290
Author(s):  
Bala Ramasamy ◽  
Howei Wu ◽  
Matthew Yeung
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mega Sports Events

Hosting sports events to attract international tourists is a common policy practised by many host governments. Hosting mega-sports events like the Olympics is said to leave a legacy that could impact the attractiveness of a country/city in the long term. However, the opportunity to host these mega-events is limited and expensive. This study considers the economic impact of hosting annual international sporting events, specifically the extent to which Formula 1, ATP Tennis and PGA Golf can attract international tourists. Using monthly data from 1998 to 2018, we show that the effect differs from one sport to another within a country and the same sport across countries. Hosting the Formula 1 is most effective for Canada but has no significant impact in Australia and the United Kingdom. ATP Tennis and PGA Golf have a significant impact on at least two countries. Policy-makers must consider carefully the sport that gives the best bang-for-the-buck.

Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Yang Memproduksi dan Memperdagangkan Kosmetik Ilegal Berbahaya: Studi Polres Pelabuhan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
La Ode Muhammad Jefri Hamzah ◽  
Abdul Agis ◽  
Hamza Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Marketing Authorization ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) Menganalisis efektivitas pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku usaha yang memproduksi dan memperdagangkan kosmetik ilegal berbahaya ditinjau dari Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen; dan (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku usaha yang memproduksi dan memperdagangkan kosmetik ilegal berbahaya ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan yuridis-empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku usaha yang memproduksi dan memperdagangkan kosmetik ilegal yang berbahaya di Wilayah Polres Pelabuhan Makassar terlaksana kurang efektif. Meskipun demikian, proses penegakan hukum yang dilakukan tersebut sudah mengacu pada ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, seperti tersangka Sdr. ARFANDY alias ARFANDY BIN MUSTAFA yang terbukti melakukan tindak pidana mengedarkan sediaan farmasi/ kosmetika yang tidak memiliki izin edar, sehingga tersangka dijerat dengan Pasal 197 Jo pasal 106 ayat (1) UU R.I. No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, dan juga dijerat dengan Pasal 62 Ayat (1) Jo Pasal 8 ayat (1) UU R.I No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Faktor substansi hukum, struktur hukum, budaha hukum, sarana dan prasarana, dan pengetahuan hukum kurang berpengaruh terhadap penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku usaha kosmetik illegal yang berbahaya di Polres Pelabuhan Makassar. The purpose of this study is to: (1) Analyze the effectiveness of criminal liability against business actors who produce and trade dangerous illegal cosmetics in terms of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection; and (2) Analyzing the factors that influence the effectiveness of criminal liability against business actors producing and trading dangerous illegal cosmetics in terms of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This research is a descriptive study with a juridical-empirical approach. The results of the study show that: Law enforcement against businesses that produce and trade dangerous cosmetics that are dangerous in the Makassar Port Police Area is ineffective. Nevertheless, the law enforcement process carried out has referred to the applicable laws and regulations, such as the suspect Br. ARFANDY alias ARFANDY BIN MUSTAFA who was proven to have committed a crime of distributing pharmaceutical / cosmetic preparations that did not have a marketing authorization, so that the suspect was charged with Article 197 Jo article 106 paragraph (1) of Law R.I. No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health, and also snared with Article 62 Paragraph (1) Jo Article 8 Paragraph (1) of Law R.I No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The factors of legal substance, legal structure, legal status, facilities and infrastructure, and legal knowledge have less influence on law enforcement against dangerous cosmetics business operators in Makassar Port Police

What Is the Relationship between Online Sex Workers and Cybersecurity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 762-766
Author(s):  
Stephanie Do ◽  
Dan Nathan-Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Work Safety ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Theory Application ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Relationship

Although online sex work has become more accessible to people of all socio-economic statuses, labor practices and work safety have not improved since the widespread use of the internet. One way that we can help empower sex workers is to understand their motivations and experiences when using the internet. In a survey conducted by Sanders et al. (2017), the highest crime that 56.2% sex workers experienced was being threatened or harassed through texts, calls, and emails. Because there is no theory application to date on this marginalized group, three theories were proposed. This literature review highlights the need to explore why sex workers, as end-users, should be included in the user cybersecurity defense conversation, such as the cybercrimes that they face, their relationship with law enforcement, and what other factors affect their safety.

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