About Some Questions of the Organization of Work of Workers in the Conditions of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

ANRI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Vasyh Gayfutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Production Factors

The article discusses the need to make changes to the regulatory documents that classify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors that stimulate and regulate the work of workers under the influence of ionizing radiation based on the concept of a linear dependence of the risk of stochastic effects on the received dose.

Pentingnya Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Bagi Pekerja Radiasi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Prahardi ◽  
◽  
Arundito Widikusumo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Human Error ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
And Training

Ionizing radiation, when it hits our bodies, can ionize and excite the atomic nuclei of cells. Ionization and excitation will cause DNA damage either directly or indirectly. DNA damage is direct if ionizing radiation hits DNA, while DNA damage is indirectly through the formation of free radicals (atoms with unpaired electrons) and has a very damaging effect on DNA. Therefore, safety in ionizing radiation, including its use in the medical world, is essential. Protection includes safety avoiding deterministic effects and stochastic effects. To protect against both deterministic and stochastic effects, the role of the radiographer is significant. Heinrich (1980) estimates that (85%) accidents are the result of the contribution of unsafe work behavior (unsafe act). Radiation accidents reported by the United States Energy Atomic Commission from 1960-1968 were caused by operator error (68%), procedural errors (8%), equipment damage (15%), and others (9%). When viewed in detail, the operator's errors were not conducting a radiation survey (46%), not following procedures (36%), not using protective equipment (6%), human error (6%), and calculating radiation exposure errors (6%). Therefore, the radiographer must know and understand ionizing radiation, its dangers, and the application of radiation protection from the results of a survey conducted at Prof. Hospital. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto to 22 radiographers showed that the level of understanding of ionizing radiation, the dangers, and the application of radiation protection is still low. Therefore education and training are very much needed for them. Keywords: Radiation Hazard, Radiation Protection, Radiographer Education and Training

Radiation Safety

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Raymond H. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Radiation Dosage ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
The Joint Commission

Resist the temptation to gloss over this chapter—it discusses the risks and safest uses of ionizing radiation utilized by interventional radiologists during medical procedures every day. The metrics used to measure and report fluoroscopic and computed tomography (CT) doses to patients (information required to be reported by the Joint Commission) are discussed. Detrimental effects of radiation, including stochastic effects (i.e., adverse effects that may occur at any dose) and deterministic effects (which occur when a threshold has been exceeded), are reviewed, as are the data that the risk of stochastic effects is based upon. Finally, techniques that operators should practice during every procedure to minimize radiation dosage, summarized by the acronym I SAVE DOSE, are introduced and presented in detail.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS IN THE PROCESS OF EMPLOYMENT OF MEDICAL WORKERS OF THE DENTAL PROFILE

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
L. F. Horzov ◽  
M. V. Krivtsova ◽  
E. Ya. Kostenko ◽  
M. I. Balega ◽  
V. I. Voitovich
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Special Assessment

One of the most socially important types of work is the work of medical workers. Due to the presence of a significant number of harmful and dangerous factors, the medical profession is divided into a separate group, which in turn is characterized by unique aspects of work. The work of doctors and nurses of different specialties of the dental profile differs significantly in the density of the working day, the volume and nature of professional activities; responsibility for the life of the patient, which affects many physiological processes. The purpose. Assessment and comparative characterization of the presence of occupational risks in the dental field, which are daily exposed to factors of aggressive and dangerous nature, as well as the development of a set of preventive measures aimed at reducing occupational morbidity. Materials and methods. Hygienic research of working conditions of medical staff of the University Dental Clinic in the form of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data of special assessment of working conditions; sanitary and hygienic characteristics, acts, maps of cases of nosocomial diseases; laboratory and instrumental research conducted as part of production control; dosimetric control, air sampling with subsequent sowing on the nutrient medium of IPA. Results. It was found that in the studied premises, the total microbial count varied from 756 ± 0.8 CFU / 1m3 to 6497 ± 3.4 CFU / 1m3. In most medical institutions, the level of artificial lighting in the workplaces of medical workers was insufficient. The largest negative contribution was provided by such production factors as: labor intensity and intensity - 26.41%; physical: noise, vibration, non-ionizing and ionizing radiation - 25.32%; chemical - 12.77%. The total contribution of the main factors was 91.78%. Assessment of working conditions is based on hygienic criteria to assess the degree of deviations of the parameters of the production environment and labor process from the current hygienic standards, as well as after analysis and processing of data submitted by employees in the format of their questionnaires. In this regard, the distribution of harmful production factors and their degree of impact on the health of medical personnel was established with the help of multifactor analysis. Conclusions. Thus, the research interprets the results, which clearly in the format of a specific percentage, identify those factors that have a strong driving impact on the health of dental professionals. The most substantiated are such production factors as: chemical (exposure to drugs and chemicals), physical (noise and vibration, non-ionizing and ionizing radiation), the severity and intensity of the labor process, lighting (non-compliance with regulations for artificial lighting in the workplace) and microclimate and biological (work with biological, potentially contaminated material, samples, patients), non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, labor intensity (tension of the visual organs).

scholarly journals Professional Abbreviations in Medical Radiology, Medical Physics and Radiation Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
B. Ya. Narkevich ◽  
S. A. Ryzhov ◽  
T. G. Ratner ◽  
A. N. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Medical Physicists ◽  
Medical Radiology

A dictionary of abbreviations (abbreviations), most often used in scientific publications, methodological recommendations, regulatory documents on the medical use of sources of ionizing radiation, has been developed. The dictionary contains abbreviations in English, which are usually not deciphered in English-language publications, as well as abbreviations in Russian with the reduction, if possible, of the corresponding English abbreviations. The dictionary is intended for use both in professional education, including postgraduate education, and to facilitate the interaction of medical physicists, radiologists, radiologists and radiation oncologists working in radiological and oncological medical organizations. 

Zero Dose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Prahardi ◽  
◽  
Arundito Widikusumo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
Stochastic Effect ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy

Ionizing radiation in the medical world has long been used, both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. But the use of ionizing radiation, besides helping a lot in diagnosis and therapy, ionizing radiation is also hazardous for us. The effects of ionizing radiation on humans are divided into two types, namely stochastic effects, and non-stochastic (deterministic) effects. Of the two kinds of effects caused by ionizing radiation, the stochastic effect needs special attention. Because the dose-limiting parameter does not exist, how much radiation dose can cause the stochastic effect. We only have the principle that no matter how small the radiation that hits us, it will still impact us. The mechanism for this effect is either a direct effect or an indirect effect, or a newly discovered effect, namely the bystander effect, all of which lead to DNA damage. This DNA damage will cause various kinds of health problems for us. Keywords: Stochastic Effect, DNA Damage. Gene Mutation, Bystander Effect

Environmental radiation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Little
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Environmental Radiation ◽  
Stochastic Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Genetic Risks

Risks associated with ionizing radiation have been known for almost as long as ionizing radiation itself. Within a year of the discovery of X-rays by Röntgen, skin burns had been reported and, within 7 years, a case of skin cancer was observed, all associated with high-dose X-ray exposure. In general, the risks associated with ionizing radiation can be divided into what have been termed (by the International Commission on Radiological Protection) stochastic effects (e.g. genetic risks in offspring, and somatic effects (cancer) in the directly exposed population), and deterministic, or tissue-reaction, effects. Deterministic effects are typically associated with high-dose exposures, and will not be considered further here.

scholarly journals A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO HYGIENIC INDICES IN EVALUATING THE ACTIVITY OF RADIATION FACILITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Igor P. Korenkov ◽  
S. E. Okhrimenko ◽  
A. S. Samoilov ◽  
N. V. Shestopalov ◽  
N. I. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Danger Level

Policy management of institutes and business organizations’ activity, dealing with radiation sources, has more of a bulky and confusing complex of requirements at the present day. The requirements being very substantial, slow down economic growth of entire branches in the field of the beneficial use of radiation technologies, and, at the same time, do not provide the condition of radiation safety. Prime Minister Dmitriy Medvedev, without any coincidence, pointed out the problem during a plenary meeting as an overpressure of regulatory and supervisory bodies on the Russian private sector. According to him, the task can be solved with ‘a regulatory guillotine’. The upcoming article resembles the first attempt to analyze and sort reasons and factors, providing a glimpse of the current situation, search key elements that cause negative influence in the field taken. On the ground of analysis of regulatory documents, vast survey experience and estimation of radiation objects and technologies, authors suggest a new complex of requirements to provide radiation security, their breakdown of classes depending on danger level of radiation objects and operating with sources of ionizing radiation. The article presents the analysis of current regulatory documents on radiation hygiene field and radiation security, retrospective view on valid documents, the expertise of activity of regulatory and supervisory bodies as part of licensing of the activity with man-made sources of ionizing radiation.

Radiation-induced surface decomposition

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
M. L. Knotek
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Surface Decomposition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electron And Photon ◽  
Surface Bond

Modern surface analysis is based largely upon the use of ionizing radiation to probe the electronic and atomic structure of the surfaces physical and chemical makeup. In many of these studies the ionizing radiation used as the primary probe is found to induce changes in the structure and makeup of the surface, especially when electrons are employed. A number of techniques employ the phenomenon of radiation induced desorption as a means of probing the nature of the surface bond. These include Electron- and Photon-Stimulated Desorption (ESD and PSD) which measure desorbed ionic and neutral species as they leave the surface after the surface has been excited by some incident ionizing particle. There has recently been a great deal of activity in determining the relationship between the nature of chemical bonding and its susceptibility to radiation damage.

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