scholarly journals Kosztolányi Dezső Kína-képe

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Paul Claudel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical Poetry

Hungarian poet and writer Dezső Kosztolányi edited and translated the first anthology of Chinese classical poetry in the 20th century, entitled Chinese and Japanese Poems, which was published at the end of 1931. But his interest in Chinese culture can be traced back to much earlier, to the first decade of the 20th century. This article takes into consideration all of Kosztolányi’s prose writings, articles and translations related to China, Chinese poetry and also the sources of his knowledge about China, published in Hungarian and in english, German and French, such as the books of H. A. Giles, arthur Waley, richard Wilhelms, Paul Claudel and others. The paper also analyzes the role of anthologies of Chinese poetry in foreign languages that Kosztolányi consulted for his translations into Hungarian. in his writings, he depicted a somewhat idealistic picture of Chinese culture, and in spite of some occasional errors, he was successful in describing some important characteristics of Chinese life of the past, and his writings and translations have had a great influence in Hungary.

Epilogue: A tale of two copulas

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVE ZYZIK ◽  
SUSAN GASS
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Context Of Learning

The five papers in this issue cover a range of perspectives on the acquisition and use of the Spanish copulasserandestarin a variety of contexts, including language contact, bilingual language acquisition, and classroom second language learning. The fact that these papers cite work in this area as far back as the early part of the 20th century with each subsequent decade being represented suggests the continual importance and complexity of the distinction between the two copular forms and shows how this complexity is played out in acquisition and bilingual use. Over the past century different perspectives have been taken on this multifaceted issue with linguistic explanations and the role of the native language being primary. In this epilogue, we focus on some of these same issues, but expand our commentary to include the new dimensions represented in this collection of papers: (i) context of learning (input), (ii) prior knowledge as represented by other language(s) known, (iii) item-learning and lexical development, and (iv) innovations in methodology.

Melancholy, Hanuš Jelínek and Miloš Marten

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Jana Kantoříková
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Paul Claudel ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The aim of this article is to present the roles of Miloš Marten (1883–1917) in the Czech–French cultural events of the first decade of the 20th century in the background of his contacts with Hanuš Jelínek (1878–1944). The first part of the article deals with Marten’s artistic and life experience during his stays in Paris (1907–1908). The consequences of those two stays to the artist’s life and work will be accentuated. The second part takes a close look at Miloš Marten’s critique of Hanuš Jelínek’s doctoral thesis Melancholics. Studies from the History of Sensibility in French Literature. To interpretate Marten’s reasons for such a negative criticism is our main pursued objective. Such criticism results not only from the rivality between Czech critics oriented to France, but also from different conceptions of the role of critical method and the role of the critic and the artist in the international cultural politics. The third part concludes with the critics’ „reconciliation‟ around 1913 by means of the common interest in the work and personality of Paul Claudel.

scholarly journals “A turn to ontology” in neo-kantianism (P. Natorp and E. Lask)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Leonid Yu. Kornilaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Total Domination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Logic ◽  
Ontological Turn ◽  
The Way

In the late 1910s and early 1920s, the intellectual situation within neo-Kantianism began to change: there were philosophical projects attempting to overcome the total domination of epistemology in Neo-Kantian doctrines and making place for ontology. Ontological tendencies are typical mainly for P. Natorps’s projects of general logic and E. Lask’s logic of philosophy. I analyze the continuity of Natorp’s early epistemological ideas, developed in the spirit of the Marburg interpretation of Kant’s transcendentalism, and his later ideas, focused on speculative ontological constructions. In particular, I investigate the methodo­logical relationship between the characteristics of knowledge in his early and late philo­sophy: dynamism, creativity, categoriality, unity of the starting point and the goal. The ba­sic structure of Natorps’s project of general logic is reconstructed. Lask’s main texts re­veal the provisions that open the way to an ontological turn. These factors include a cri­tique of the identification of the realm of value and that of the extrasensory in the meta­physics of the past, the postulation of a prereflexive stage of knowledge, interpreting the doctrine of judgment as a doctrine of immanent sense, and treating truth as a con­stitutive-aleteological phenomenon. Both Neo-Kantian philosophers build their systems on an on­tological foundation, making subjectivity dependent on objectivity in cognition, which can be interpreted as a kind of retreat from Kantian criticism. The ontological basis is ex­pressed in the postulation of a universal character of the logical expressed in Natorp’s idea of “poiesis” and Lask’s idea of “panarchy of the Logos”. The analysis of Natorp’s and Lask’s onto-epistemological projects allows us to clarify and reveal the role of Neo-Kantianism in the formation of the new ontologies of the 20th century a.k.a. the “ontologi­cal turn”.

scholarly journals Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Davies ◽  
Dorothy Davies
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Novel Antibiotics

SUMMARY Antibiotics have always been considered one of the wonder discoveries of the 20th century. This is true, but the real wonder is the rise of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, communities, and the environment concomitant with their use. The extraordinary genetic capacities of microbes have benefitted from man's overuse of antibiotics to exploit every source of resistance genes and every means of horizontal gene transmission to develop multiple mechanisms of resistance for each and every antibiotic introduced into practice clinically, agriculturally, or otherwise. This review presents the salient aspects of antibiotic resistance development over the past half-century, with the oft-restated conclusion that it is time to act. To achieve complete restitution of therapeutic applications of antibiotics, there is a need for more information on the role of environmental microbiomes in the rise of antibiotic resistance. In particular, creative approaches to the discovery of novel antibiotics and their expedited and controlled introduction to therapy are obligatory.

Role of foreign languages in formation of krosskulturny and service space (on the example of the languages extended to territories of modern Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Спатарь-Козаченко ◽  
Tatyana Spatar-Kozachenko
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Accelerated Learning ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Historical Processes

Foreign languages in demand as a means of intercultural dialogue, it is a social order of our modern society. But the language is not only a means of communication of modern people, this is a means of "dialogue" between the generations, a means of preserving the accumulated spiritual wealth of the people who speak this language. To understand the present and build the future, we sometimes need to look back into the past, including the past of the language. For accelerated learning a foreign language often helps to explain of linguistic phenomena and historical processes that took place in a particular language or a particular group of related languages. In the article the object of the analysis is almost forgotten Mozarabic language on the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. Mozarabic - is an Ibero-Romance language, which was once widespread in the conquered by Arabs part of the Iberian Peninsula. Language had been at the stage of development, therefore it has undergone strong phonetic changes.The article considers the influence of the Portuguese, Galician, Catalan languages on the Mozarabic language and vice versa, of the Mozarabic language on the Galician language, León, Asturias, Murskii and other dialects. The 3 stages of historical evolution of Mozarabic people are described: 1) fight Mozarabic people for independence; 2) the period of oppression; 3) the period of emigration. Examples of similar names of settlements in different parts of the peninsula, as well as plants are shown.The analysis of the phonetic form Mozarabic language has carried out: diphthongs and consonants saving in Castilian language. Mozarabic language has played an important role in the dialectical development of the peninsula, as a link between the Roman, Arab and Spanish cultures. The author highlights the role of Mozarabic language in the development of Castilian language and its formation as a state.

Structure and function: organization of a medical specialty for the rest of the 20th century

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kemp Clark
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
American Association ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons concentrates on the problems facing the specialty, the achievements of the past, and the mechanisms designed to foster the advancement and role of neurosurgery. To counter the difficult days ahead, he emphasizes the need for concerted effort and action on the part of neurosurgeons within the umbrella of the Association as spokesman for the specialty and advocate for the patients' welfare.

scholarly journals Mesto popularne muzike u sistemu zaštite kulturne baštine na primeru saradnje Narodne biblioteke Srbije i Zadužbine Milana Mladenovića

Bosniaca ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Maša Miloradović
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Active Role ◽  
National Library ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Heritage Protection

Na primeru nedavno uspostavljene saradnje između Narodne biblioteke Srbije i Zadužbine Milana Mladenovića; jugoslovenskog muzičara i pesnika poslednjih decenija 20. veka; pokazan je model udruživanja tradicionalne baštinske ustanove i privatne institucije u oblasti zaštite kulturne baštine. Posvećena je pažnja načinima na koje se memorijalizuju i muzealizuju ličnosti i pojave iz nedavne prošlosti iz domena “popularne” kulture. Ukazuje se na neophodnost aktivnije uloge tradicionalnih ustanova u “otkrivanju” baštine; proširivanju na netradicionalne oblike stvaralaštva.--------------------------------------------Place of the Popular Music in the System of Cultural Heritage Protection – The Example of Cooperation between National Library of Serbia and Milan Mladenović EndowmentThe Example of recently established cooperation between National Library of Serbia and Endowment of Milan Mladenović (Yugoslav poet and musician from the last decades of 20th century) shows a model of joining traditional heritage institution and a private endowment in the area of cultural heritage protection. Attention is paid to the ways of memorialisation and musealisation of personalities and phenomenons of the past in the domain of “popular” culture. The more active role of traditional institutions in “discovering” heritage is needed; as well as action towards coverage of wider range of non-traditional cultural creations.

جهود العلماء والمؤسسات التعليمية في نشر الإسلام والسّلام في فطاني Efforts of Muslim Religious Scholars and Educational Institutions to Spread Islam and Peace in Patani, Usaha Ulama dan Institusi Pengajian di Dalam Menyebarkan Islam dan Keamanan di Patani

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
محمد ليبا
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
National School ◽  
The People

ملخص البحث اهتم الباحث في هذه الدراسة بإعطاء نبذة عن تاريخ دخول الإسلام في إقليم فطاني، والوضع السياسي في فطاني قديمًا وحديثًا، ودور علماء فطاني في نشر الإسلام وتحقيق السلام في الإقليم، أولئك الذين ظلت أسماؤهم عالقة في أذهان مسلمي تايلاند رغم محالاوت طمس الهوية التي تمارس ضدهم. كما تناولت الدراسة دور المؤسسات التعليمية (مثل مدرسة المعارف الوطنية التي أسسها الشيخ سولونغ، والمعاهد التي أسسها الشيخ أمبونغ وجامعة جالا الإسلامية التي أسسها الدكتور إسماعيل لطفي) في نشر الإسلام وتحقيق السلام في المنطقة في الوقت الحاضر. وقد تمّ تقسيم البحث إلى ثلاثة مباحث: المبحث الأول تناول الوضع السياسي في إقليم فطاني قديمًا وحديثًا؛ أما المبحث الثاني فتناول دور العلماء في نشر الإسلام وتحقيق السلام في فطاني مع ذكر نماذج من علماء فطاني كان لهم أثر كبير في نشر الإسلام وتحقيق السلام في المنطقة؛ وأما المبحث الثالث فتطرق إلى بيان دور المؤسسات التعليمية في نشر الإسلام وتحقيق السلام في فطاني. الكلمات الرئيسة: فطاني، علماء فطاني، تايلاند، المؤسسات التعليمية، مسلمو تايلاند. Abstract In this study, the researcher tries to give the historical background about the entry of Islam as well as past and present political situations in the region of Patani. At the same time, he also points out the role of Muslim religious scholars in spreading Islam and establishing peace in the region. Those are the people whose names remained rooted in the minds of the Muslims in Thailand despite attempts were made to delete their identities. The study also comprises of the role of educational institutions (such as Ma‘aarifat National School founded by Sheikh Solong, institutions founded by Sheikh Lampung and Jala Islamic University founded by Dr. Ismail Lutfi) in spreading Islam and establishing peace in the region at the present time. The research is divided into three sections: first section addresses the past and present political situation in the state of Patani; while the second section deals with the role of Muslim religious scholars in spreading Islam and establishing peace in Patani with some examples of Patani scholars who had a great influence in spreading Islam and establishing peace in the region. In the third section, the researcher tries to discuss the role of educational institutions in spreading Islam and establishing peace in Patani. Key Words: Patani, Muslim Religious Scholars of Patani, Thailand, Educational Institutions, Muslims of Thailand. Abstrak Dalam kajian ini, penyelidik cuba memberi latarbelakang sejarah tentang kemasukan Islam serta situasi politik  dahulu dan sekarang di Wilayah Patani. Pada masa yang sama , penyelidik juga akan menonjolkan tokoh-tokoh  berpengetahuan dalam menyebarkan Islam dan melaksanakan keamanan di wilayah tersebut. Mereka ini adalah yang nama-nama mereka tetap terpaku dalam ingatan masyarakat Muslim di Thailand walaupun terdapat pelbagai percubaan telah dilakukan untuk memadamkan identiti mereka dari lipatan sejarah. Kajian ini juga merangkumi peranan institusi pendidikan (seperti sekolah kebangsaan Ma'aarifat yang ditubuhkan oleh Sheikh Solong, institusi-institusi yang ditubuhkan oleh Sheikh Lampung and Universiti Islam Yala yang ditubuhkan oleh Dr. Ismail Lutfi) dalam menyebarkan Islam dan melaksanakan keamanan di wilayah tersebut di waktu ini.Kajian ini telah dibahagikan kepada tiga seksyen; pertama: Keadaan politik Pattani dahulu dan sekarang; kedua: tokoh-tokoh berpengetahuan dalam menyebarkan Islam dan melaksanakan keamanan di Patani dengan menampilkan beberapa sarjana Patani yang mempunyai satu pengaruh yang besar dalam menyebarkan Islam dan melaksanakan keamanan di wilayah itu; ketiga: peranan institusi pendidikan dalam mewujudkan keamanan dan melaksanakannya di Patani. Kata Kunci: Patani, Ulama Patani, Thailand, Institusi Pendidikan, Muslim Thailand.  

ABU BAKR IBN AL-MUNDHIR, AMPUTATION, AND THE ART OF IJTIHĀD

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Few Islamic concepts have undergone as radical a semantic shift over the past couple of centuries as ijtihād. This Arabic term, confined for centuries to sophisticated works of legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh), has been liberated and transformed into the handmaiden of modern Muslim reformists throughout the world. Numerous Western scholars have investigated either the classical legal ijtihād of the first definition above or the modern employment of ijtihād among reformists encapsulated in the second, succinct gloss of this word. Valuable studies have been published on topics ranging from the relationship between ijtihād and writing fatwas (iftāء) to the so-called “closure of the gate of ijtihād” to the role of ijtihād in 19th- and 20th-century reform movements. In short, ijtihād is ubiquitous in modern studies and formulations of Islam.

scholarly journals War Remembrance in China and Its Influence on Sino-Japanese Relations in the 1950s – Early 1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Vera A. Perminova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Joint Declaration ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
War Of Resistance

Problems of the past remain one of the most important factors that have plagued Sino-Japanese relations for the last few decades. Questions that are related to events of WWII and in particular events of the Second Sino-Japanese war are still relevant and remain a sensitive issue in contemporary China. Complicated postwar Sino-Japanese relations are not only caused by political and economic factors, but to a great extent are related to specific perceptions of events of the shared past in the first half of the 20th century by these two nations. Collective remembrance of Sino-Japanese wars and one of the most major wars of the 20th century – WWII – that was formed during the 20th centenary is vastly different in China and Japan, and still has a great impact on the dynamics of bilateral relations. The paper studies Chinese approaches to the interpretation of the Sino-Japanese war of resistance, role of the State and non-State actors in forming collective war remembrance in China during different stages of postwar development in the 20th century: during the first decades after the end of WWII (1950–70s), period of normalization of Sino-Japanese relations after 1972 – when a joint declaration was signed and “renewing” war remembrance in the 1980s.

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