scholarly journals WOODWORKING IN THE NORTHERN BUKOVYNA DURING 12th — EARLY 13th CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
I. P. Vozny
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technical Properties

The article deals with the development of woodworking industry in the medieval settlements of Northern Bukovyna which for a long time remained poor studied. During the Middle Ages this territory was covered with significant forest areas, in which there were 22 local breeds of both industrial and rare trees. Accordingly, the woodworking industry here, as well as throughout the territory of Old Rus, had many branches. Being well acquainted with the technical properties of wood the local masters widely used this knowledge depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the breed. Constructing fortifications they used mainly oak and beech, for residential and commercial buildings they used pine and fir. Hardwood (maple, ash) was spread in manufacturing of dishes, while spoons were made from the yarrow, juniper. The remains of precise or carved wooden dishes were discovered in the settlements of Northern Bukovyna. Beech and oak were used in the craft. Containers were made from lime to store loose materials. Local carpenters were aware of various ways of connecting individual wooden elements to each other in a particular product or construction. When erecting dwellings or household structures in corners, the main method was to connect the locks, and when connected horizontally, direct, overhead, spit joints were widely used. At the archaeological sites of Northern Bukovyna, as the open settlements were almost not explored, considerable woodworking toolkit was discovered. It is represented as forms and fragments of blades, ax, bits, drill bits, knives, nail, etc. Their typology has wide analogies among archeological materials from other territories of the Old Rus state and is fully integrated into the generally accepted typology. Thus, materials that characterize the woodworking industry of Northern Bukovyna completely allow trace the evolution of the woodworking business, which developed in terms of economic development of Old Rus.

Effect of using Trilobal® polyester on the functional performance of fencing suit

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Saad ◽  
Fatma Metwaly ◽  
Sarah Yahia Gad ◽  
Khaled Mansour Mansour ◽  
Marwa A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weave Structure ◽  
Vertical Wicking ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Density Factor ◽  
Face Structure

Purpose The paper aims to use the Trilobal® polyester (Y cross-section) for producing fabrics suitable for fencing suits and evaluating their various properties. Design/methodology/approach Double weave structure was chosen to produce the samples by using six different face structures and two back structures divided into two groups according to the back structures. They were evaluated by their physical and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, puncture resistance, air permeability and humidity properties in horizontal and vertical wicking, drying rate and water vapor transmission. Findings Fencing sport recently is one of the most growing sports in the world, which necessitates special requirements and properties of fencing suit, either mechanical properties, which allow the easily and freely movement for the athlete, or the comfort properties that save the player’s effort and energy for a long time to improve his performance. Originality/value ANOVA test analysis showed highly significant results in some properties comparing back and face structures of the double weave fabric high correlation coefficient were found between packing density factor of produced fabric and the weft material types. The final results showed the produced sample that weaved with plain 1/1 for back structure and warp rib 2/2 for face structure achieved the best results, followed by the produced sample weaved with plain 1/1 for back structure and weft rib 2/2 for face structure compared with the other produced samples.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION CAPACITIES OF THE MEDIEVAL ROCK-CUT WINE PRESS IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN CRIMEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (2) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
V. К. Gantsev
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The South ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
South West ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Production Capacities

In the South-West Crimea there are about 200 specialized wine-making complexes that functioned in the Middle Ages. For a long time, these archaeological sites did not become the object of separate studies. The main purpose of this research is to calculate the productivity of grape pressures and to determine the economic orientation of winemaking in this region of Crimea in the 9–10th centuries. For the analysis, we used data on 62 rock-cut wine presses located in the district of the Syuiren fortress, in the South-Western part of the Heraclean Peninsula, within the boundaries of the «cave cities» – Kyz-Kermen, Mangup, Eski-Kermen, directly under the control of the Byzantine administration. Taking into account the different degree of preservation of these objects, it was found that about 45 thousand kilograms of grapes are needed to fill 57 containers for collecting grape must. The number of grape pressures is directly related to the area of cultivated vineyards, therefore, for the smooth operation of 62 wineries, 186 hectares of vineyards are needed. From this area, it is possible to get from 372 to 617 thousand liters of wine in one season. With the operation of almost all rock wineries simultaneously located in the South-West Crimea, the total volume of obtained wine products could reach two million liters. The calculations made allow us to speak about the satisfaction of domestic demand by the local population, when one person drinks 0,27–0,87 liters of wine per day. The existing surplus wine was exported to the Don and Azov regions of the Khazar Kaganate.

scholarly journals The Saint Benedict Cross or the Saint Benedict Medal Based on a Find from Archaeological Research in Gniew (Pomerania Province)

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-187
Author(s):  
Jakub Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Small Fragment ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church

In 2015, during archaeological research conducted around the church in Gniew (Pomerania Province), a small fragment of a metal plate was found. After it was cleaned as part of restoration it turned out to be a cross. The excavation was located outside, near the chancel wall. Research conducted there confirmed the conclusions drawn in previous years, i.e. that the church grounds had been used as a graveyard. The fact that the graveyard had been used for a long time was proved by numerous burials, overlapping grave pits and ossuaries, meaning places where human remains were gathered after earlier burials in the graveyard and the church had been emptied. Devotional items, including medals, crucifixes, scapulars, and prayer ropes, have been long connected with the Christian tradition. The fact that they are found during excavations in churches and graveyards may indicate that they were popular in Late Middle Ages and in the Modern Era. Unfortunately, the cross has not been preserved whole. It is difficult to determine whether the missing loop and two fragments of the horizontal bar were damaged when it was used by its owner or as a result of corrosion taking place after it had been deposited in the ground. The first written sources concerning the medal itself come from an information leaflet dated to 1664. It depicts Saint Benedict in a gesture of benediction and a medal with a characteristic cross and letters. One of the most important works on the Saint Benedict Medal is the work by Prosper Guèranger from 1862. Saint Benedict medals and crucifixes are also known from many inventories of artefacts compiled during research conducted in graveyards, mostly from the Modern Era. Saint Benedict crosses in a form resembling a knight’s cross were found in, among others, Maniowy in Podhale, Gliwice, Lubiń near Kościan, Wrocław, and Częstochowa. Despite the three and a half centuries that have passed since the first information about the medal appeared, and the six centuries since the first mention of its symbolism, it is still very popular among Christians. Most probably, information about the miracles happening thanks to it are no longer the main reason why it is worn but it can be a kind of an amulet protecting against evil. Despite rather scarce literature on Saint Benedict devotional items found at archaeological sites, one should expect that as research progresses, doubts about the manufacturing places or more detailed relationships between the appearance of crosses and medals will be dispelled.

Effect of Agents of Initiation of Carbonate Biomineralization on Cement Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Valeria V. Strokova ◽  
Viktoriya V. Nelyubova ◽  
Ulyana N. Duhanina ◽  
Dmitriy A. Balitsky ◽  
Oleg I. Drozdov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Complex Additive ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Strength In Compression ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Loss Of Strength ◽  
Mixing Water

The paper presents the results of the assessment of the effect of bacterial microorganism Sporosarcinapasteurii and CaCl2 and CH4N2O precursors as agents initiating carbonate mineralization processes on the construction and technical properties of binders. In order to achieve this, a preliminary bacterial solution with precursors was prepared, which was introduced into the system instead of mixing water in the range of 0–10% with interval of 2%. The effect of the bacterial solution as a complex additive on the physical and mechanical properties of cement paste and stone is shown: normal density, setting time, water segragation, strength in compression and bending. The introduction of the solution provides a reduction in the setting time of cement without loss of strength both at the initial and at the final stages of hardening.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY WATER-DISPERSION PAINT BASED ON POLYVINIL ACETATE DISPERSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Виктор Соков ◽  
Viktor Sokov ◽  
Софья Баженова ◽  
Sof'ya Bazhenova ◽  
Максим Петров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Dispersion ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate Dispersion

Interior paint is important for interior decorating; this is followed by a long time working with the col-oring material and a constant stay in rooms with the paint. Unfortunately, not all paints provide com-fortable and safe use. This article presents the development of eco-friendly water-dispersion paint based on polyvinyl acetate dispersion. This paint provides protection from carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic effects. The main environmental requirements set by the standards are considered; the con-tent of substances in the paint that harms people is monitored. The influence of some paint compo-nents on person’s functionality and the possibility of their replacing without quality reduction is dis-closed in the paper. The main physical and mechanical properties such as conditional viscosity, densi-ty, mass fraction of nonvolatile substances, coating adhesion, milling degree, resistance to static ac-tion of water and weather resistance are determined. Attention is paid to the applied research meth-ods. As a result of testing, a water-dispersion paint with high technical characteristics is obtained. It can be used in all types of buildings and structures and be recommended for children's, medical and preventive institutions.

scholarly journals Construction and technical properties of PC 500 D0 CEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Technical Properties

It is established that physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement, including setting time and strength, correspond to mark PC 500 D0 and meet technical requirements of the corresponding standard. However, they have increased dispersion ability and water consumption. It has been determined that the main Portland cement clinker minerals (C3S, β-C2S, C3A and C4AF) in cement are represented as solid solutions as a result of the presence of impurities in their structure.

Research on Grading Features of Bituminous Steel-Slag Mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1171-1178
Author(s):  
Fa Liang Lu ◽  
Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Converter Steel ◽  
Bituminous Mixture ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Technical Properties

To detect and analyze the chemical composition and physic-mechanical properties of converter steel slag of Jigang Group Co., Ltd and evaluate its feasibility as aggregate of the bituminous mixture. Use the steel slag as aggregate, mix the bituminous steel-slag mixture in three different grading structures, compare its physical and mechanical properties and analyze the influence of grading on the technical properties of bituminous steel-slag mixture. According to the test analysis results, determine the optimum grading structure suitable for bituminous steel-slag mixture, re-mix the mixture according to the optimum grading structure and verify its physical and mechanical properties, then based on this, propose reasonable grading range of AC20 bituminous steel-slag mixture.

PEMANFAATAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd) UNTUK MEBEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Scale Scores

Timber Acacia mangium (Acacia mangium, Willd) for Furniture. The study aims to determine the mechanical and physical properties and the decorative value (color and fiber) wood of acacia mangium with using finishing materials. This type of finishing material used is ultran lasur natural dof ,ultran lasur classic teak, aqua politur clear dof, aqua politur akasia dan aqua politur cherry. After finishing the wood is stored for 3 months. Test parameters were observed, namely, physical and mechanical properties of wood, adhesion of finishing materials, color and appearance of the fiber, and timber dimensions expansion. The results showed that the mechanical physical properties of acacia wood qualified SNI. 01-0608-89 about the physical and mechanical properties of wood for furniture, air dry the moisture content from 13.78 to 14.89%, flexural strength from 509.25 to 680.50 kg/cm2, and compressive strength parallel to fiber 342.1 - 412.9 kg/cm2. Finishing the treatment process using five types of finishing materials can increase the decorative value (color and fiber) wood. Before finishing the process of acacia mangium wood has the appearance of colors and fibers and less attractive (scale scores 2-3), after finishing acacia wood fibers have the appearance of colors and interesting and very interesting (scale 4-5).Keywords: mangium wood, mechanical properties, decorative value, finishing, furniture.

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