scholarly journals The state of cancer care in Russia: malignant neoplasms of the skin (C44). Typical mortality, median survival, observed and relative survival, taking into account the stage of the disease. Population-based research at the federal district level

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-645
Author(s):  
Vahtang Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
The North ◽  
Malignant Skin ◽  
North Western

In the previous article, we presented an analysis of the prevalence and quality of registration of patients with malignant neoplasms of the skin (C44) in Russia and the North-Western Federal District, showed the quality of accounting and revealed the features of the dynamics of localization and histological structure. In this report, for the first time in Russia, our attention is focused on the nature of evaluating the effectiveness of anti – cancer measures based on the main criterion-calculating the survival rates of patients with malignant skin neoplasms at the level of the North-Western Federal District, whose level of "rough" and standardized indicators of morbidity and mortality of the population practically does not differ from the average Russian one. Calculations of all types of survival rates of patients with malignant skin neoplasms (C44) at the federal district level became possible after the organization in February 2019 of a single database (DB) of the cancer registry of the North-Western Federal District, numbering more than 1 million cases of ZNO, including more than 20,000 with malignant melanoma of the skin (2.0%). The created database allows for in-depth development of the dynamics of the localization and histological structure for any part of the localization structure (lip, ear, trunk, etc. parts of the body), which is not available for conducting on the basis of state reporting forms formed before receiving all the information characterizing the state of the oncological service, not to mention that when analyzing the activities of the oncological service, databases of population cancer registers are not used and calculations of the main criterion for its assessment – the calculation of patient survival.

INDEX OF ACCURACY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE SKIN (C43), TAKING INTO ACCOUNT BY THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND STAGE OF THE DISEASE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1165-1173
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
Э. Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Настоящее исследование посвящено изучению особенностей достоверности учета и эффективности лечения больных на популяционном уровне с привлечением надежных аналитических показателей выживаемости, исчисленных по международным стандартам, с учетом гистологической структуры опухолей и стадии заболевания. Для проведения любых исследовательских разработок мы, в первую очередь, должны убедиться в надежности отобранного для исследования материала. Среди шести основных наиболее надежных критериев оценки деятельности онкологической службы, таких как заболеваемость, смертность, уровень морфологической верификации опухолей, важнейшее значение имеют такие показатели, как индекс достоверности учета, погодичная летальность и выживаемость больных злокачественными новообразованиями. Цель работы - определить уровень достоверности учета больных меланомой кожи (С43) и ее динамику с 1995 по 2018 г. по России в целом и по ряду административных территорий. Исчислить пятилетнюю выживаемость в СЗФО РФ с учетом гистологической структуры опухолей и стадии заболевания. Материалом для исследования являются статистические сборники, в том числе авторские, база данных ракового регистра СЗФО РФ. Использованы стандартные методы статистического анализа. Важно отметить, что по всем административным территориям, чьи базы данных Популяционного ракового регистра были привлечены для расчета пятилетней наблюдаемой и относительной выживаемости, уровень показателей выживаемости больных злокачественной меланомой кожи существенно ниже среднеевропейских (Eurocare-4). Таким образом, проведенное исследование выявило существенное улучшение учета больных злокачественной меланомой кожи. Вместе с тем, сохраняется относительно низкий уровень расчетных показателей пятилетней наблюдаемой и относительной выживаемости больных злокачественной меланомой кожи. The present study examines the characteristics of registration accuracy and efficiency of treatment of patients at the population level using reliable analytical indicators of survival of patients, calculated according to international standards, taking into account the histological structure of tumors and the stage of the disease. For any research development, we must first ensure the reliability of the material selected for research. Among the six main most reliable criteria for evaluating the activities of the cancer service, such as morbidity, mortality, and the level of morphological verification of tumors, such indicators as the index of reliability of accounting, primary mortality, and survival of patients with malignant neoplasms are of the most important importance. The aim of the work is to determine the level of reliability of accounting for patients with skin melanoma (C43) and its dynamics from 1995 to 2018. for Russia as a whole and for a number of administrative territories. Calculate the five-year survival rate in the North-Western Federal District, taking into account the histological structure of tumors and the stage of the disease. The material for the study is statistical collections, including author’s ones, the database of the cancer register of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation. Standard methods of statistical analysis were used. It is important to note that for all administrative territories whose population cancer registry databases were used to calculate the five-year observed and relative survival rates, the survival rate of patients with malignant skin melanoma is signifi cantly lower than the European average (Eurocare-4). Thus, the study revealed a significant improvement in the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma of the skin. At the same time, the estimated fiveyear observed and relative survival rates of patients with malignant melanoma of the skin remain relatively low.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of mortality and lethality rates of newborns at the regional level

Public Health ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
D. O. Ivanov ◽  
V. K. Yuryev ◽  
Yu. V. Petrenko ◽  
K. E. Moiseeva ◽  
I. I. Mogileva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Maternity Care ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
The North ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
The City ◽  
North Western

In order to assess the mortality and lethality rates of newborns in obstetric organizations of the North-Western Federal District in 2013–2019, a comparative analysis of official statistics data was carried out. It was found that in the North-Western Federal District in the period from 2013 to 2019, there was an almost annual decrease in newborn mortality rates. The overall decrease in mortality in maternity care organizations of the Federal District (from 2,5% to 1,9%) was mainly due to a decrease in mortality in obstetric hospitals of the first and second levels (respectively from 3,2% to 1,2% and from 1,7% to 0,7%), while most children died in perinatal centers, where the mortality rate has not changed in recent years (2013 – 4,1%; 2019 – 4,0%). The study showed a decrease in mortality rates in the subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the federal district, except for the city of St. Petersburg. The average hospital lethality rate of newborns in maternity care organizations of the North-Western Federal District during 2013–2019 was in the range of 1,9%–2,0%, did not change significantly and corresponded to the national average. However, the level of hospital lethality significantly differed in individual subjects of the district – in more than half of them, the level of hospital lethality exceeded the average, while in others it was significantly lower. Thus, the decrease in the mortality and lethality rates of newborns in maternity care organizations indicates an increase in the quality of medical care for children in the North-Western Federal District. dicates an increase in the quality of medical care for children in the North-Western Federal District. 

THE FIRST RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CANCER SERVICE OF THE NORTH-WESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, CONDUCTED ON THE BASIS OF THE CREATED POPULATION CANCER REGISTER OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
А. М. Беляев
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cancer Service ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Полностью сформированная база данных Популяционного ракового регистра (БД ПРР) Северо-Западного Федерального округа Российской Федерации (СЗФО РФ) в феврале 2019 г. позволила существенно расширить возможности объективной оценки деятельности онкологической службы на более надежной основе аналитических материалов. В России впервые появилась возможность проводить эпидемиологические исследования злокачественных новообразований по редким локализациям опухолей, любым возрастным группам и расчеты показателей выживаемости больных. БД ПРР насчитывает более 1 млн наблюдений, включает все рубрики и подрубрики МКБ-10 по II классу - коды С00-96. В работе представлена динамика заболеваемости и смертности населения СЗФО РФ в сравнении со среднероссийскими показателями, достоверность учета и выживаемость больных злокачественными новообразованиями. Установлено увеличение онкологической заболеваемости в СЗФО РФ за 8 лет на 10,4% в стандартизованных показателях и снижение смертности населения в СЗФО РФ на 11,4% в тех же показателях. Рассчитана динамика пятилетней наблюдаемой выживаемости больных СЗФО РФ с учетом возрастных групп. Надежность БД ПРР СЗФО РФ подтверждается тем, что материалы трех административных территорий после тщательной проверки включены в монографию МАИР «Рак на 5 континентах», том XI (Санкт-Петербург, Архангельская обл. и Республика Карелия). The completely formed database of the Population Cancer Registry (PCR database) of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation in February 2019 has significantly expanded the ability to objectively assess the activities of the cancer service on a more reliable basis of analytical materials. In Russia, for the first time, it was possible to conduct epidemiological studies of malignant tumors for rare tumor locations, any age groups, and calculations of patient survival rates. The PCR database has more than 1 million observations and includes all the headings and subheadings of ICD-10 for class II - codes C00-96. The article will present the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of the population of the northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation in comparison with the national average, the reliability of accounting and survival of patients with malignant tumors. For 8 years, the growth of cancer incidence in the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation by 10,4 % in standardized indicators and a decrease in population mortality in the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation by 11,4 % in the same indicators. The dynamics of the 5-year observed survival rate of patients with Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation, taking into account age groups, is calculated. The reliability of the PCR database of the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation is confirmed by the fact that the materials of 3 administrative territories are included in the IARC monograph «Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol. XI» (Saint-Petersburg, Arkhangelsk region and the Republic of Karelia).

scholarly journals Malignant neoplasms of the heart, prevalence, weather mortality, median survival and survival of patients, taking into account the stage of diseases, localization and histological structure of tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Vakhtang M. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Malignant cardiac tumors are rare but dangerous tumors with a high mortality rate, not represented at the population level in any statistical collection. The study of its prevalence is possible only using the system of population cancer registries created in the world. Moreover, not at the regional level, only at the level of the federal district or the entire country. In 1993 we created the first in Russia Population-based Cancer Registry. In February 2019, it was possible to combine cancer registries of all 11 administrative territories of the North-West of Russia, with a population of more than 13 million inhabitants and a database of more than 1 million 100 thousand patients. It was only after the creation of the population cancer registry of the Northwestern Federal District that it became possible to study the patterns of prevalence and survival of patients in all tumor localizations, including, among other things, rare malignant cardiac tumors.

scholarly journals Structure of Oncological Pathology and Survival of Patients with Malignant Tumors of the Eye and Adnexa (C69) Taking into Account Sex, Age and Histological Characteristics (Population Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
V. M. Merabishvili ◽  
E. N. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
The North ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Objective. In February 2019, we completed work on creating a unified database of the population cancer registry of the NorthWestern Federal district of the Russian Federation. The development of data on the material of a large area significantly increases the reliability of the material under study, especially for RARE localities of malignant tumors, which include tumors of the eye and and adnexa.For the first time in Russia to present an analysis of the effectiveness of anti-cancer activities in relation to malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69) at the Federal district level with calculations of 5-year survival rates of patients taking into account sex, age and histological structure of tumors.Methods. The development of the 5-year survival rate of patients with malignant tumors of the eye (C69) included information from the database created by us Population cancer register of all administrative territories of the North-Western Federal district of Russia for the period from 1999 to 2013, more than 1000 observations (1022).Results. The study revealed a positive dynamics of survival in patients of the North-Western Federal district of Russia with malignant tumors of the eye. The 5-year survival rate increased among males from 58.8 to 63.1 %, and among females from 64.7 to 69.6 %. A significant overestimation of the proportion of early stages among primary patients with malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69) was found, which may be due to medical errors. Calculations of patient survival (with careful tracking of the deceased) allow us to get a more objective picture.Conclusion. Excellent achievements in the treatment of patients of advanced research centers and institutes can be welcomed only if similar successes are recorded at the population level and are available to all patients. Our in-depth development of population data in the Federal district confirmed the success in the treatment of patients with the malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69), and the patterns we found first in the database of the Population cancer register of St. Petersburg, and now in the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. Similar studies in other Federal districts could be an important component in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of anti-cancer measures in relation to the malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69).

Individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in transport due to the risk of professional deformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-230
Author(s):  
Yuliya Novikova ◽  
Alexander Shakhmatov ◽  
Maria Salyah
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North Western ◽  
Learn Behavior

The relevance of the study of individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in transport in the North-Western Federal district of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the NWFD) in relation to indicators of professional deformation is due to the specific features of their official activities. Despite a significant amount of research on the phenomenon of professional deformity of police officers, there are few thoroughly developed and completed works on the prevention of professional deformities of police officers. The purpose of our research was to study the individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in connection with the risk of professional deformation. The results of the empirical study were processed by correlation and factor analysis (49 parameters). The results of the initial analysis showed that the overall assessment of job satisfaction among employees of the studied departments is average with a downward trend. The results of the study on «professional burnout» revealed that a number of employees surveyed are close to emotional exhaustion. It is established that empathic abilities, social intelligence, and constructive coping strategies play an important role in the structure of individual psychological characteristics of police officers. Low ability of employees to learn behavior determines non-constructive strategies and models for coping with stressful situations, which leads to deformation of relationships with other people, i.e. to professional deformation. The obtained data can be used as the basis for the program of psychoprophylaxis of professional deformation of criminal investigation units in transport in the northwestern Federal district.

AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY, LOCALIZATION AND HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF RECTAL CANCER (POPULATION STUDY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 900-907
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
Д. М. Дубовиченко ◽  
М. Ю. Вальков ◽  
А. М. Щербаков ◽  
Э. Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
North Western

Рак прямой кишки (РПК) - это злокачественная опухоль дистального отдела толстой кишки эпителиального происхождения. Ежегодно в России регистрируется более 30 тыс. (30 969 в 2018 г.) новых случаев РПК и 16 тыс. (16 151) случаев смерти. Индекс достоверности учета (отношение числа умерших к заболевшим) составляет 0,52 %. РПК относится к локализациям со средним уровнем летальности. В Северо-Западном Федеральном округе зарегистрировано более 3 тыс. первичных случаев РПК (3 285 в 2018 г.). Государственная статистика РПК представляет данные о заболеваемости и смертности населения по трем рубрикам МКБ-10 вместе (С19-21). Детальная разработка данных не только отдельно по каждой рубрике МКБ-10, но и по четвертому знаку возможна только по материалам баз данных раковых регистров. Созданный нами Популяционный раковый регистр Северо-Западного Федерального округа насчитывал на 01.01.2019 г. более 1 млн (1 067 661) случаев злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО), в том числе РПК - 50 745 случаев, или 4,8 %. Удельный вес РПК близок к среднероссийскому - 4,9 %. В работе представлена детальная структура онкологической патологии по РПК. Ведущая роль из трех указанных рубрик принадлежит ЗНО прямой кишки (С20) - 75,4 %; 19,8 % приходится на ЗНО ректосигмоидного отдела (С19) и только 4,7 % на С21 - ЗНО ануса и анального канала. По всем этим рубрикам представлена динамика структуры, которая оказалась достаточно устойчивой. Rectal cancer is a malignant tumor of the distal colon of epithelial origin. Every year, more than 30,000 (30 969 - 2018) new cases of Rectal cancer and 16,000 deaths (16 151) are registered in Russia. The index of reliability of accounting (the ratio of the number of dead to sick) is 0,52 %. Rectal cancer refers to localities with an average mortality rate. In the North-Western Federal district, more than 3 thousand primary cases of Rectal cancer were registered (3285 - 2018). The state statistics of the Rectal cancer provides data on morbidity and mortality in three categories of ICD-10 together (C19-21). Detailed development of data not only separately for each category of ICD-10, but also for the fourth sign is possible only from the data bases of cancer registers. As of 01.01.2019, the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district created by us totaled more than 1 million cases of malignant tumors (1 067 661), including Rectal cancer - 50 745 cases, or 4,8 %. The share of the Rectal cancer is close to the national average - 4,9 %. The article presents a detailed structure of cancer pathology in Rectal cancer. The leading role of the 3 specified categories belongs to the rectal malignant tumors (C20) - 75,4 %, 19,8 % falls on the malignant tumors of the rectosigmoid department (C19) and only 4,7 % on the C21 - malignant tumors of the anus and anal canal. For all these categories, the dynamics of the structure is presented, which proved to be quite stable.

MORBIDITY, MORTALITY AND RELIABILITY OF ACCOUNTING OF PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS WITH LIVER CANCER IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
В. К. Гуркало ◽  
Э. Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Рак печени (РП) - тяжелейшая онкопатология. В России смертность превышает число первично-учтенных больных в среднем. Ежегодно в России регистрируют более 8 тыс. (8 810 - в 2018 г.) случаев рака печени и более 10 тыс. (10 018 - в 2018 г.) случаев смерти от этой причины. Использованы стандартные методы медицинской статистики, все зарегистрированные первичные случаи РП в России. Углубленная разработка материала проведена на основе базы данных Популяционного ракового регистра Северо-Западного Федерального округа РФ. Проанализированы данные всего комплекса доступной информации в целом по России. Установлен прирост заболеваемости РП населения России за 18 лет в «грубых» показателях и абсолютных числах на 20% и в стандартизованных - на 1,22%. У женщин отмечено снижение учтенных случаев РП на 4,55%. Смертность населения России в стандартизованных показателях снизилась за 18 лет практически на 3%. Превышение числа умерших над заболевшими от РП существенно возрастает в старших возрастных группах. Индекс достоверности учета (ИДУ) - это отношение абсолютных чисел или «грубых» показателей смертности населения к заболеваемости. Для всех злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) величина в среднем по России составила 0,47, практически совпадающая со среднеевропейской. ИДУ у мужчин - 0,55, выше расчетных показателей для женщин - 0,40, что в первую очередь связано с более благоприятной структурой заболеваемости женщин ЗНО. Медиана выживаемости первичных больных РП составляет немногим более 3 мес. Пятилетняя выживаемость больных РП даже на ранних стадиях составляет у лиц моложе 60 лет с I стадией - 25,3%, старше 60 лет - только 17,2%, со II стадией - 17,9 и 11% соответственно. Liver cancer is a severe oncopathology. Mortality exceeds the number of primary-accounted patients in Russia on average. Every year in Russia more than eight thousand (8 810 in 2018) cases of liver cancer and more than 10 000 (10 018 in 2018) deaths from this cause are registered. Used Standard methods of medical statistics, all registered primary cases of liver cancer in Russia. In-depth development of the material was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the data of the whole complex of available information in Russia as a whole is carried out. In-depth data development was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The increase in the incidence of liver cancer in Russia over 18 years in «rough» indicators and absolute numbers by 20 % and in standardized by 1,22 % was established. In women, there was a decrease in reported cases of liver cancer by 4,55 %. The mortality rate of the Russian population in standardized indicators has decreased by almost 3 % over 18 years. The excess of the number of deaths over those from liver cancer increases significantly in older age groups. The index of reliability of accounting is the ratio of absolute numbers or «rough» indicators of mortality to morbidity. For all malignant tumors, its value on average in Russia was 0,47, almost coinciding with the average European. The index of reliability of accounting for men is 0,55, higher than the calculated indicators for women - 0,40, which is primarily due to a more favorable structure of the incidence of malignant tumors in women. The median survival of primary liver cancer patients is a little more than three months. The fi ve-year survival rate of patients with liver cancer even in the early stages is in the first among persons younger than 60 years - 25,3 %, over 60 years - only 17,2 %, in the second, respectively, 17,9 and 11%.

scholarly journals National Timber Industry Complex: Changes in Spatial Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Natalia Antonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Spatial Shift ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
North Western

An assessment of spatial changes in the timber industry complex in Russia has been carried out. Based on the estimates obtained, it was concluded that the traditional leaders, which include the regions of the North-Western and Siberian Federal Districts, continue to determine the all-Russian trends in the timber industry. In the production of unprocessed wood and sawn wood, there has been a significant spatial shift in favor of the regions of the Siberian Federal District, which entailed an increase in the production of timber products on a national scale. The main factors that influenced the spatial shifts in the timber industry are identified, the leading role of the factors of external markets and internal institutional changes is shown, and their influence on the parameters of regional timber industry complexes is considered

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